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Subramaniam S, Karunanandham K, Raja ASM, Shukla SK, Uthandi S. EnZolv delignification of cotton spinning mill waste and optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:37. [PMID: 38449061 PMCID: PMC10918963 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EnZolv is a novel enzyme-based, eco-friendly biomass pretreatment process that has shown great potential in the field of textile engineering and biotechnology. It employs laccase from Hexagonia hirta MSF2 and 2% ethanol in the process of delignification. The process is designed to evaluate optimal conditions to remove lignin and other impurities from cotton spinning mill waste (CSMW), without compromising the quality and strength of the fibers. CSMW is a low-cost and readily available source of cellulose, making it an ideal candidate for delignification using EnZolv. By optimizing the pretreatment conditions and harnessing the potential of enzymatic delignification, this research aims to contribute to more sustainable and efficient ways of utilizing lignocellulosic biomass in various industries for the production of biochemical and bioproducts. RESULTS The present study emphasizes the EnZolv pretreatment in the delignification of cotton spinning mill wastes irrespective of the cellulose content. EnZolv process parameters such as, moisture content, enzyme load, incubation time, incubation temperature, and shaking speed were optimized. Under pre-optimized conditions, the percent lignin reduction was 61.34%, 61.64%, 41.85%, 35.34%, and 35.83% in blowroom droppings (BD), flat strips (FS), lickerin fly (LF), microdust (MD) and comber noils (CN), respectively. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the statistically optimized EnZolv pretreatment conditions showed lignin reduction of 59.16%, 62.88%, 48.26%, 34.64%, and 45.99% in BD, FS, LF, MD, and CN, respectively. CONCLUSION Traditional chemical-based pretreatment methods often involve harsh chemicals and high energy consumption, which can have detrimental effects on the environment. In contrast, EnZolv offers a greener approach by utilizing enzymes that are biodegradable and more environmentally friendly. The resulting fibers from EnZolv treatment exhibit improved properties that make them suitable for various applications. Some of the key properties include enhanced cellulose recovery, reduced lignin content, and improved biophysical and structural characteristics. These improvements can contribute to the fiber's performance and processability in different industries and future thrust for the production of cellulose-derived and lignin-derived bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhoshkumar Subramaniam
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625104, India
| | - Kumutha Karunanandham
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625104, India
| | - A S M Raja
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - S K Shukla
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
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Subramaniam S, Karunanandham K, Asm R, Uthandi S. Delignification of the cotton stalk and ginning mill waste via EnZolv pretreatment and optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129655. [PMID: 37573984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to add value to cotton waste biomass using a more eco-friendly process, EnZolv which delignifies cotton stalk and cotton ginning mill waste. A maximum delignification of 68.68% and 65.51% was obtained using pre-optimized EnZolv parameters in cotton stalk (CS) and ginning mill waste (GMW), respectively. Optimized EnZolv process removed 78.68% of lignin in CS using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Box-Behnken design at 0% moisture content, 50 U laccase g-1 of biomass, 5 h incubation time, 50 ⁰C incubation temperature, and 150 rpm shaking speed. Similarly, RSM-based delignification of 70.53% in GMW was achieved under the optimized EnZolv conditions of 98.75 % moisture content, 41.59 U laccase g-1 of biomass, 9.3 h incubation time, 46.15 ⁰C incubation temperature, and 150 rpm shaking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhoshkumar Subramaniam
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai 625104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumutha Karunanandham
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai 625104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Asm
- ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala Road, Matunga, 400019 Mumbai, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Closing the Nutrient Loop-The New Approaches to Recovering Biomass Minerals during the Biorefinery Processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2096. [PMID: 36767462 PMCID: PMC9915181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of plant mineral nutrients from the bio-based value chains is essential for a sustainable, circular bioeconomy, wherein resources are (re)used sustainably. The widest used approach is to recover plant nutrients on the last stage of biomass utilization processes-e.g., from ash, wastewater, or anaerobic digestate. The best approach is to recover mineral nutrients from the initial stages of biomass biorefinery, especially during biomass pre-treatments. Our paper aims to evaluate the nutrient recovery solutions from a trans-sectorial perspective, including biomass processing and the agricultural use of recovered nutrients. Several solutions integrated with the biomass pre-treatment stage, such as leaching/bioleaching, recovery from pre-treatment neoteric solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) or integrated with hydrothermal treatments are discussed. Reducing mineral contents on silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen biomass before the core biorefinery processes improves processability and yield and reduces corrosion and fouling effects. The recovered minerals are used as bio-based fertilizers or as silica-based plant biostimulants, with economic and environmental benefits.
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Enzymatically triggered delignification through a novel stable laccase: A mixed in-silico /in-vitro exploration of a complex environmental microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:328-341. [PMID: 35551951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laccases have been broadly applied as a multitasking biocatalyst in various industries, but their applications tend to be limited by easy deactivation, lack of adequate stability, and susceptibility under complex conditions. Identifying stable laccase as a green-biocatalyst is crucial for developing cost-effective biorefining processes. In this direction, we attempted in-silico screening a stable metagenome-derived laccase (PersiLac1) from tannery wastewater in a complex environment. The laccase exhibited high thermostability, retaining 53.19% activity after 180 min at 70 °C, and it was stable in a wide range of pH (4.0-9.0). After 33 days of storage at 50°C, pH 6.0, the enzyme retained 71.65% of its activity. Various metal ions, inhibitors, and organic solvents showed that PersiLac1 has a stable structure. The stable PersiLac1 could successfully remove lignin and phenolic from quinoa husk and rice straw. In the separate hydrolysis and fermentation process (SHF) after 72 h, hydrolysis was obtained 100% and 73.4% for quinoa husk and rice straw, and fermentation by the S. cerevisiae was be produced 41.46 g/L and 27.75g/L ethanol, respectively. Results signified that the novel lignin-degrading enzyme was confirmed to have great potential for industrial application as a green-biocatalyst based on enzymatically triggered to delignification and detoxify lignocellulosic biomass.
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Joshi JB, Priyadharshini R, Uthandi S. Glycosyl hydrolase 11 (xynA) gene with xylanase activity from thermophilic bacteria isolated from thermal springs. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:62. [PMID: 35428308 PMCID: PMC9013152 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hemicellulose is one of the copious polymer in lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). It is primarily composed of xylan linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Xylanase preferentially cleaves the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the xylan backbone resulting in complete hydrolysis of the biomass. Thermostable variants of glycoside hydrolases act as robust catalysts, not only in degradation but also during processing, to obtain specific carbohydrate-containing chemicals and materials (Ramasamy et al. in Madras Agric J 107(special):1. 10.29321/MAJ.2020.000382, 2020).
Results
The xylanase production by two thermophilic bacteria isolated from thermal springs was evaluated. In addition, the gene encoding this industrially vital enzyme was isolated and characterized, and its protein structure was analyzed. The thermophilic bacteria producing xylanases were isolated from augmented sawdust and banana fiber biomass from hot springs of Himachal Pradesh and identified as Bacillus subtilis VSDB5 and Bacillus licheniformis KBFB4 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The persistent xylanase activity revealed that the enzyme is secreted extracellularly with the maximum activity of 0.76 IU mL−1 and 1.0 IU mL−1 at 6 h and 12 h of growth by KBFB4 and VSDB5, respectively, under submerged fermentation. Both the strains exhibited the maximum activity at pH 6 and a temperature of 50 °C. The xylanases of KBFB4 and VSDB5 were thermostable and retained 40% of their activity at 60 °C after incubation for 30 min. Xylanase of VSDB5 had wide thermotolerance and retained 20% of its activity from 60 to 80 °C, whereas xylanase of KBFB4 showed wide alkali tolerance and retained 80% of its activity until pH 10. The xylanase (xynA)-encoding gene (650 bp) cloned from both the strains using specific primers showed 98 to 99% homology to β-1,4-endoxylanase gene. Further in silico analysis predicted that the xylanase protein, with a molecular weight of 23 kDa, had a high pI (9.44–9.65), which explained the alkaline nature of the enzyme and greater aliphatic index (56.29). This finding suggested that the protein is thermostable. Multiple sequence alignment and homology modeling of the protein sequence revealed that the gene product belonged to the GH11 family, indicating its possible application in bioconversion.
Conclusion
The strains B. subtilis VSDB5 and B. licheniformis KBFB4 obtained from hot springs of Himachal Pradesh produced potent and alkali-tolerant thermostable xylanases, which belong to the GH11 family. The enzyme can be supplemented in industrial applications for biomass conversion at high temperatures and pH (or in processes involving alkali treatment).
Graphical Abstract
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Zainudin MHM, Singam JT, Sazili AQ, Shirai Y, Hassan MA. Indigenous cellulolytic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial community enhanced the composting of rice straw and chicken manure with biochar addition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5930. [PMID: 35396465 PMCID: PMC8993872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation of organic matters is crucial during the composting process. In this study, the enhancement of the composting of rice straw and chicken manure with biochar was evaluated by investigating the indigenous cellulolytic bacterial community structure during the composting process. Compared with control treatment, composting with biochar recorded higher temperature (74 °C), longer thermophilic phase (> 50 °C for 18 days) and reduced carbon (19%) with considerable micro- and macronutrients content. The bacterial community succession showed that composting with biochar was dominated by the cellulolytic Thermobifida and Nocardiopsis genera, which play an important role in lignocellulose degradation. Twenty-three cellulolytic bacterial strains were successfully isolated at different phases of the composting with biochar. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing similarity showed that they were related to Bacilluslicheniformis, Bacillussubtilis,Bacillusaerius, and Bacillushaynesii, which were known as cellulolytic bacteria and generally involved in lignocellulose degradation. Of these isolated bacteria, Bacilluslicheniformis, a facultative anaerobe, was the major bacterial strain isolated and demonstrated higher cellulase activities. The increase in temperature and reduction of carbon during the composting with biochar in this study can thus be attributed to the existence of these cellulolytic bacteria identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Huzairi Mohd Zainudin
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jamuna Thurai Singam
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoshihito Shirai
- Department of Biological Function and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sun X, Liu S, Zhang X, Tao Y, Boczkaj G, Yoon JY, Xuan X. Recent advances in hydrodynamic cavitation-based pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass for valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126251. [PMID: 34728352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC)-based pretreatment has shown high effectiveness in laboratories and even in industrial productions for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) into value-added products. The pretreatment capability derives from the extraordinary conditions of pressures at ∼500 bar, local hotspots with ∼5000 K, and oxidation (hydroxyl radicals) created by HC at room conditions. To promote this emerging technology, the present review summarizes the recent advances in the HC-based pretreatment of LCB. The principle of HC including the sonochemical effect and hydrodynamic cavitation reactor is introduced. The effectiveness of HC on the delignification of LCB as well as subsequent fermentation, paper production, and other applications is evaluated. Several key operational factors (i.e., reaction environment, duration, and feedstock characteristics) in HC pretreatments are discussed. The enhancement mechanism of HC including physical and chemical effects is analyzed. Finally, the perspectives on future research on the HC-based pretreatment technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
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Wang L, Xue C, Owens G, Chen Z. Artificial intelligence modeling and molecular docking to analyze the laccase delignification process of rice straw by Comamonas testosteroni FJ17. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126565. [PMID: 34921918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The laccase enzymatic characteristics and delignification processes of rice straw by Comamonas testosteroni FJ17 were investigated. Artificial intelligence modeling and molecular docking revealed the specific functional properties involved in the interaction between laccase and lignin compounds with a maximum laccase activity of 2016.7 U L-1 at 24 h. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer analysis confirmed that laccase caused fractures and holes on the surface of rice straw, where crystallinity decrease from 45.3 to 39.9%, and lignin content decreased from 19.0 to 10.3%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the main delignification process for laccase was via β-o-4 and α-aryl ether cleavage, which generated several small molecular products. The laccase gene was cloned and bioinformatics analysis presented 317 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 33.13 kDa. Finally, laccase protein was found to have low binding energies with all lignin compounds tested, and lignin compounds were oxidized by laccase through hydrogen-bonding interactions with the amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Chao Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Gary Owens
- Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australian, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zuliang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian Province, PR China
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Bimestre TA, Júnior JAM, Canettieri EV, Tuna CE. Hydrodynamic cavitation for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment: a review of recent developments and future perspectives. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 38647820 PMCID: PMC10991952 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrodynamic cavitation comes out as a promising route to lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment releasing huge amounts of energy and inducing physical and chemical transformations, which favor lignin-carbohydrate matrix disruption. The hydrodynamic cavitation process combined with other pretreatment processes has shown an attractive alternative with high pretreatment efficiency, low energy consumption, and easy setup for large-scale applications compared to conventional pretreatment methods. This present review includes an overview of this promising technology and a detailed discussion on the process of parameters that affect the phenomena and future perspectives of development of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Averaldo Bimestre
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil.
| | - José Antonio Mantovani Júnior
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, National Institute for Space Research CPTEC/INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Canettieri
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Celso Eduardo Tuna
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil
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Role of extremophiles and their extremozymes in biorefinery process of lignocellulose degradation. Extremophiles 2021; 25:203-219. [PMID: 33768388 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in the field of life sciences have led to discovery of organisms that live in harsh environmental conditions referred to as extremophiles. These organisms have adapted themselves to thrive in extreme habitat giving these organisms an advantage over conventional mesophilic organisms in various industrial applications. Extremozymes produced by these extremophiles have high tolerance to inhospitable environmental conditions making them an ideal enzyme system for various industrial processes. A notable application of these extremophiles and extremozymes is their use in the degradation of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass and application in biorefineries. For maximum utilization of the trapped carbon source from this obstinate biomass, pretreatment is a necessary step that requires various physiochemical and enzymatic treatments. From search for novel extremophiles and extremozymes to development of various genetic and protein engineering techniques, investigation on extremozymes with enhanced stability and efficiency is been done. Since extremozymes are easily calibrated to work under such conditions, they have become an emerging topic in the research field of biofuel production. The review discusses the various extremozymes that play an important role in lignocellulose degradation along with recent studies on their molecular and genetic evolution for industrial application and production of biofuels and various value-added products.
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Hu J, Wang Q, Wang W, Xu Z, Fu J, Xu Q, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Shen F, Qi W. Synthesis of a Stable Solid Acid Catalyst from Chloromethyl Polystyrene through a Simple Sulfonation for Pretreatment of Lignocellulose in Aqueous Solution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:979-989. [PMID: 33274593 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A stable solid acid catalyst, SCPR140-1, was synthesized from chloromethyl polystyrene resin (CPR) and used for catalytic pretreatment of corncob in aqueous solution. Under the optimized pretreatment condition, 73.07 % of xylose was directly obtained, and the enzymatic digestibility of treated residue reached up to 94.65 %, indicating that the SCPR140-1 had high selectivity for xylose production and effectively deconstructed the structure of corncob. The -CH2 Cl group of CPR was substituted by -SO3 H through the sulfonation, and the -SO3 H was stably bound on the catalyst during the pretreatment process. Compared with other similar reports, the SCPR140-1 was not only synthesized through a simpler process but also had a more stable catalytic activity during multiple recycling runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Environment College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Juan Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qingli Xu
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Environment College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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