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Wang Y, Wen J, Li S, Li J, Yu H, Li Y, Ren X, Wang L, Tang J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Peng L. Upgrading pectin methylation for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification and cadmium phytoremediation in rice Ospmes site-mutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130137. [PMID: 38354940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crop straws provide enormous biomass residues applicable for biofuel production and trace metal phytoremediation. However, as lignocellulose recalcitrance determines a costly process with potential secondary waste liberation, genetic modification of plant cell walls is deemed as a promising solution. Although pectin methylation plays an important role for plant cell wall construction and integrity, little is known about its regulation roles on lignocellulose hydrolysis and trace metal elimination. In this study, we initially performed a typical CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing for site mutations of OsPME31, OsPME34 and OsPME79 in rice, and then determined significantly upgraded pectin methylation degrees in the young seedlings of three distinct site-mutants compared to their wild type. We then examined distinctively improved lignocellulose recalcitrance in three mutants including reduced cellulose levels, crystallinity and polymerization or raised hemicellulose deposition and cellulose accessibility, which led to specifically enlarged biomass porosity either for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification under mild alkali pretreatments or for cadmium (Cd) accumulation up to 2.4-fold. Therefore, this study proposed a novel model to elucidate how pectin methylation could play a unique enhancement role for both lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and Cd phytoremediation, providing insights into precise pectin modification for effective biomass utilization and efficient trace metal exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxue Wen
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunong Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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2
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Wang D, Hao X, Xu L, Zhao M, Wang C, Yu X, Kong Y, Lu M, Zhou G, Chai G, Tang X. Fine-tuning brassinosteroid biosynthesis via 3'UTR-dependent decay of CPD mRNA modulates wood formation in Populus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1852-1858. [PMID: 37203882 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that regulate wood formation in trees. Currently, little is known about the post-transcriptional regulation of BR synthesis. Here, we show that during wood formation, fine-tuning BR synthesis requires 3'UTR-dependent decay of Populus CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC DWARF 1 (PdCPD1). Overexpression of PdCPD1 or its 3' UTR fragment resulted in a significant increase of BR levels and inhibited secondary growth. In contrast, transgenic poplars repressing PdCPD1 3' UTR expression displayed moderate levels of BR and promoted wood formation. We show that the Populus GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (PdGRP1) directly binds to a GU-rich element in 3' UTR of PdCPD1, leading to its mRNA decay. We thus provide a post-transcriptional mechanism underlying BRs synthesis during wood formation, which may be useful for genetic manipulation of wood biomass in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoning Hao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Mengyan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Congpeng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xihao Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guohua Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xianfeng Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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3
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Zhao X, Jiang X, Li Z, Song Q, Xu C, Luo K. Jasmonic acid regulates lignin deposition in poplar through JAZ5-MYB/NAC interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232880. [PMID: 37546258 PMCID: PMC10401599 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a phytohormone involved in plant defense, growth, and development, etc. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying JA-mediated lignin deposition and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that JA can inhibit lignin deposition and SCW thickening in poplar trees through exogenous MeJA treatment and observation of the phenotypes of a JA synthesis mutant, opdat1. Hence, we identified a JA signal inhibitor PtoJAZ5, belonging to the TIFY gene family, which is involved in the regulation of secondary vascular development of Populus tomentosa. RT-qPCR and GUS staining revealed that PtoJAZ5 was highly expressed in poplar stems, particularly in developing xylem. Overexpression of PtoJAZ5 inhibited SCW thickening and down-regulated the expression of SCW biosynthesis-related genes. Further biochemical analysis showed that PtoJAZ5 interacted with multiple SCW switches NAC/MYB transcription factors, including MYB3 and WND6A, through yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complementation experiments. Transcriptional activation assays demonstrated that MYB3-PtoJAZ5 and WND6A-PtoJAZ5 complexes regulated the expression of lignin synthetic genes. Our results suggest that PtoJAZ5 plays a negative role in JA-induced lignin deposition and SCW thickening in poplar and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying JA-mediated regulation of SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changzhen Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Kafer JM, Molinari MDC, Henning FA, Koltun A, Marques VV, Marin SRR, Nepomuceno AL, Mertz-Henning LM. Transcriptional Profile of Soybean Seeds with Contrasting Seed Coat Color. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1555. [PMID: 37050181 PMCID: PMC10097363 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is the primary source of vegetable protein and is used for various purposes, mainly to feed animals. This crop can have diverse seed coat colors, varying from yellow, black, brown, and green to bicolor. Black seed coat cultivars have already been assigned as favorable for both seed and grain production. Thus, this work aimed to identify genes associated with soybean seed quality by comparing the transcriptomes of soybean seeds with contrasting seed coat colors. The results from RNA-seq analyses were validated with real-time PCR using the cultivar BRS 715A (black seed coat) and the cultivars BRS 413 RR and DM 6563 IPRO (yellow seed coat). We found 318 genes differentially expressed in all cultivars (freshly harvested seeds and seeds stored in cold chamber). From the in silico analysis of the transcriptomes, the following genes were selected and validated with RT-qPCR: ACS1, ACSF3, CYP90A1, CYP710A1, HCT, CBL, and SAHH. These genes are genes induced in the black seed coat cultivar and are part of pathways responsible for ethylene, lipid, brassinosteroid, lignin, and sulfur amino acid biosynthesis. The BRSMG 715A gene has almost 4times more lignin than the yellow seed coat cultivars. These attributes are related to the BRSMG 715A cultivar's higher seed quality, which translates to more longevity and resistance to moisture and mechanical damage. Future silencing studies may evaluate the knockout of these genes to better understand the biology of soybean seeds with black seed coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. Kafer
- Biotechnology Department, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Mayla D. C. Molinari
- Arthur Bernardes Foundation, Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86085-981, PR, Brazil; (M.D.C.M.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Fernando A. Henning
- Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86085-981, PR, Brazil; (F.A.H.); (S.R.R.M.); (A.L.N.)
| | - Alessandra Koltun
- Agronomy Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Viviani V. Marques
- Arthur Bernardes Foundation, Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86085-981, PR, Brazil; (M.D.C.M.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Silvana R. R. Marin
- Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86085-981, PR, Brazil; (F.A.H.); (S.R.R.M.); (A.L.N.)
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Wang M, Qiao J, Sheng Y, Wei J, Cui H, Li X, Yue G. Bioconversion of corn fiber to bioethanol: Status and perspectives. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 157:256-268. [PMID: 36577277 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising demand for green energy, bioethanol has attracted increasing attention from academia and industry. Limited by the bottleneck of bioethanol yield in traditional corn starch dry milling processes, an increasing number of studies focus on fully utilizing all corn ingredients, especially kernel fiber, to further improve the bioethanol yield. This mini-review addresses the technological challenges and opportunities on the way to achieving the efficient conversion of corn fiber. Significant advances during the review period include the detailed characterization of different forms of corn kernel fiber and the development of off-line and in-situ conversion strategies. Lessons from cellulosic ethanol technologies offer new ways to utilize corn fiber in traditional processes. However, the commercialization of corn kernel fiber conversion may be hampered by enzyme cost, conversion efficiency, and overall process economics. Thus, future studies should address these technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qiao
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Sheng
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Wei
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guojun Yue
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100034, China
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6
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Fan C, Zhang W, Guo Y, Sun K, Wang L, Luo K. Overexpression of PtoMYB115 improves lignocellulose recalcitrance to enhance biomass digestibility and bioethanol yield by specifically regulating lignin biosynthesis in transgenic poplar. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:119. [PMCID: PMC9636778 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Woody plants provide the most abundant biomass resource that is convertible for biofuels. Since lignin is a crucial recalcitrant factor against lignocellulose hydrolysis, genetic engineering of lignin biosynthesis is considered as a promising solution. Many MYB transcription factors have been identified to involve in the regulation of cell wall formation or phenylpropanoid pathway. In a previous study, we identified that PtoMYB115 contributes to the regulation of proanthocyanidin pathway, however, little is known about its role in lignocellulose biosynthesis and biomass saccharification in poplar.
Results
Here, we detected the changes of cell wall features and examined biomass enzymatic saccharification for bioethanol production under various chemical pretreatments in PtoMYB115 transgenic plants. We reported that PtoMYB115 might specifically regulate lignin biosynthesis to affect xylem development. Overexpression of PtoMYB115 altered lignin biosynthetic gene expression, resulting in reduced lignin deposition, raised S/G and beta-O-4 linkage, resulting in a significant reduction in cellulase adsorption with lignin and an increment in cellulose accessibility. These alterations consequently improved lignocellulose recalcitrance for significantly enhanced biomass saccharification and bioethanol yield in the PtoMYB115-OE transgenic lines. In contrast, the knockout of PtoMYB115 by CRISPR/Cas9 showed reduced woody utilization under various chemical pretreatments.
Conclusions
This study shows that PtoMYB115 plays an important role in specifically regulating lignin biosynthesis and improving lignocellulose features. The enhanced biomass saccharification and bioethanol yield in the PtoMYB115-OE lines suggests that PtoMYB115 is a candidate gene for genetic modification to facilitate the utilization of biomass.
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CRISPR-Based Genome Editing and Its Applications in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710175. [PMID: 36077571 PMCID: PMC9456532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technology provides straightforward, proficient, and multifunctional ways for the site-directed modification of organism genomes and genes. The application of CRISPR-based technology in plants has a vast potential value in gene function research, germplasm innovation, and genetic improvement. The complexity of woody plants genome may pose significant challenges in the application and expansion of various new editing techniques, such as Cas9, 12, 13, and 14 effectors, base editing, particularly for timberland species with a long life span, huge genome, and ploidy. Therefore, many novel optimisms have been drawn to molecular breeding research based on woody plants. This review summarizes the recent development of CRISPR/Cas applications for essential traits, including wood properties, flowering, biological stress, abiotic stress, growth, and development in woody plants. We outlined the current problems and future development trends of this technology in germplasm and the improvement of products in woody plants.
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Wang Y, Hao Y, Guo Y, Shou H, Du J. PagDET2 promotes cambium cell division and xylem differentiation in poplar stem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923530. [PMID: 36092441 PMCID: PMC9459238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary growth of the woody tree stem is governed by meristematic cell division and differentiation in the vascular cambium. Multiple hormonal signals and endogenous developmental programs regulate vascular cambium activity. Brassinosteroids (BRs) significantly promote secondary stem growth and wood formation in poplar trees. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of BRs within the vascular tissue remain unclear. Genetic and anatomical approaches were used here to elucidate the role of PagDET2, the rate-limiting enzyme for BRs biosynthesis, in regulating secondary vascular cambium activity in Populus. This study showed that the elevated endogenous castasterone (CS) levels in tree stems through overexpressing PagDET2 could enhance cambium meristem cell activity and xylem (XY) differentiation to promote secondary stem growth. RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes involved in BRs response, vascular cambium cell division, XY differentiation, and secondary cell wall synthesis were up-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yakun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dou Y, Yang Y, Mund NK, Wei Y, Liu Y, Wei L, Wang Y, Du P, Zhou Y, Liesche J, Huang L, Fang H, Zhao C, Li J, Wei Y, Chen S. Comparative Analysis of Herbaceous and Woody Cell Wall Digestibility by Pathogenic Fungi. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237220. [PMID: 34885803 PMCID: PMC8659149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens have evolved combinations of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) to deconstruct host plant cell walls (PCWs). An understanding of this process is hoped to create a basis for improving plant biomass conversion efficiency into sustainable biofuels and bioproducts. Here, an approach integrating enzyme activity assay, biomass pretreatment, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and genomic analysis of PCWDEs were applied to examine digestibility or degradability of selected woody and herbaceous biomass by pathogenic fungi. Preferred hydrolysis of apple tree branch, rapeseed straw, or wheat straw were observed by the apple-tree-specific pathogen Valsa mali, the rapeseed pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the wheat pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis, respectively. Delignification by peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment increased PCW digestibility, and the increase was generally more profound with non-host than host PCW substrates. Hemicellulase pretreatment slightly reduced or had no effect on hemicellulose content in the PCW substrates tested; however, the pretreatment significantly changed hydrolytic preferences of the selected pathogens, indicating a role of hemicellulose branching in PCW digestibility. Cellulose organization appears to also impact digestibility of host PCWs, as reflected by differences in cellulose microfibril organization in woody and herbaceous PCWs and variation in cellulose-binding domain organization in cellulases of pathogenic fungi, which is known to influence enzyme access to cellulose. Taken together, this study highlighted the importance of chemical structure of both hemicelluloses and cellulose in host PCW digestibility by fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Dou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China;
| | - Nitesh Kumar Mund
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Linfang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Panpan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yunheng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Johannes Liesche
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Hao Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yahong Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (S.C.); Tel.: +86-029-87091021 (S.C.)
| | - Shaolin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (N.K.M.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (P.D.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (C.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (S.C.); Tel.: +86-029-87091021 (S.C.)
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Qin S, Fan C, Li X, Li Y, Hu J, Li C, Luo K. LACCASE14 is required for the deposition of guaiacyl lignin and affects cell wall digestibility in poplar. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:197. [PMID: 33292432 PMCID: PMC7713150 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass provided technical and economic challenges in the current biomass conversion processes. Lignin is considered as a crucial recalcitrance component in biomass utilization. An in-depth understanding of lignin biosynthesis can provide clues to overcoming the recalcitrance. Laccases are believed to play a role in the oxidation of lignin monomers, leading to the formation of higher-order lignin. In plants, functions of only a few laccases have been evaluated, so little is known about the effect of laccases on cell wall structure and biomass saccharification. RESULTS In this study, we screened a gain-of-function mutant with a significant increase in lignin content from Arabidopsis mutant lines overexpressing a full-length poplar cDNA library. Further analysis confirmed that a Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa) laccase gene PtoLAC14 was inserted into the mutant, and PtoLAC14 could functionally complement the Arabidopsis lac4 mutant. Overexpression of PtoLAC14 promoted the lignification of poplar and reduced the proportion of syringyl/guaiacyl. In contrast, the CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutation of PtLAC14 results in increased the syringyl/guaiacyl ratios, which led to integrated enhancement on biomass enzymatic saccharification. Notably, the recombinant PtoLAC14 protein showed higher oxidized efficiency to coniferyl alcohol (precursor of guaiacyl unit) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PtoLAC14 plays an important role in the oxidation of guaiacyl deposition on cell wall. The reduced recalcitrance of the PtoLAC14-KO lines suggests that PtoLAC14 is an elite target for cell wall engineering, and genetic manipulation of this gene will facilitate the utilization of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifei Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400716 Chongqing China
| | - Chunfen Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400716 Chongqing China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400716 Chongqing China
| | - Yi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400716 Chongqing China
| | - Jian Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400716 Chongqing China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400716 Chongqing China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400716 Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
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Sharma S, Kundu A, Basu S, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM. Sustainable environmental management and related biofuel technologies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111096. [PMID: 32734892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental sustainability criteria and rising energy demands, exhaustion of conventional resources of energy followed by environmental degradation due to abrupt climate changes have shifted the attention of scientists to seek renewable sources of green and clean energy for sustainable development. Bioenergy is an excellent alternative since it can be applied for several energy-requirements after utilizing suitable conversion methodology. This review elucidates all aspects of biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, and butanol) and their sustainability criteria. The principal focus is on the latest developments in biofuel production chiefly stressing on the role of nanotechnology. A plethora of investigations regarding the emerging techniques for process improvement like integration methods, less energy-intensive distillation techniques, and bioengineering of microorganisms are discussed. This can assist in making biofuel-production in a real-world market more economically and environmentally viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Aayushi Kundu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India; Affiliate Faculty-TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India; Affiliate Faculty-TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, India.
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi, 580 027, India.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Pharmaceutical Engineering, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, 580 002, Karnataka, India.
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Tang X, Wang C, Liu Y, He G, Ma N, Chai G, Li S, Xu H, Zhou G. Brassinosteroid Signaling Converges With Auxin-Mediated C3H17 to Regulate Xylem Formation in Populus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:586014. [PMID: 33193536 PMCID: PMC7652770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.586014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling has long been reported to have an effect on xylem development, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear, especially in tree species. In this study, we find PdC3H17, which was demonstrated to mediate xylem formation driven by auxin in our previous report, is also involved in BR-promoted xylem development. Y1H analysis, EMSA, and transcription activation assay confirmed that PdC3H17 was directly targeted by PdBES1, which is a key transcriptional regulator in BR signaling. Tissue specificity expression analysis and in situ assay revealed that PdC3H17 had an overlapping expression profile with PdBES1. Hormone treatment examinations verified that xylem phenotypes in PdC3H17 transgenic plants, which were readily apparent in normal condition, were attenuated by treatment with either brassinolide or the BR biosynthesis inhibitor propiconazole. The subsequent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses further revealed that BR converged with PdC3H17 to influence transcription of downstream xylem-related genes. Additionally, the enhancement of xylem differentiation by auxin in PdC3H17 overexpression plants was significantly attenuated compared with wild-type and dominant negative plants due to BR deficiency, which suggested that the BR- and auxin-responsive gene PdC3H17 acted as an mediation of these two hormones to facilitate xylem development. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BR signaling converges with auxin-mediated PdC3H17 to regulate xylem formation in Populus and thus provide insight into the regulation mechanism of BRs and the crosstalk with auxin signaling on xylem formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Congpeng Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guo He
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Nana Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Guohua Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Xu,
| | - Gongke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Gongke Zhou,
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