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Mwima R, Hui TYJ, Nanteza A, Burt A, Kayondo JK. Potential persistence mechanisms of the major Anopheles gambiae species complex malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa: a narrative review. Malar J 2023; 22:336. [PMID: 37936194 PMCID: PMC10631165 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The source of malaria vector populations that re-establish at the beginning of the rainy season is still unclear yet knowledge of mosquito behaviour is required to effectively institute control measures. Alternative hypotheses like aestivation, local refugia, migration between neighbouring sites, and long-distance migration (LDM) are stipulated to support mosquito persistence. This work assessed the malaria vector persistence dynamics and examined various studies done on vector survival via these hypotheses; aestivation, local refugia, local or long-distance migration across sub-Saharan Africa, explored a range of methods used, ecological parameters and highlighted the knowledge trends and gaps. The results about a particular persistence mechanism that supports the re-establishment of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii or Anopheles arabiensis in sub-Saharan Africa were not conclusive given that each method used had its limitations. For example, the Mark-Release-Recapture (MRR) method whose challenge is a low recapture rate that affects its accuracy, and the use of time series analysis through field collections whose challenge is the uncertainty about whether not finding mosquitoes during the dry season is a weakness of the conventional sampling methods used or because of hidden shelters. This, therefore, calls for further investigations emphasizing the use of ecological experiments under controlled conditions in the laboratory or semi-field, and genetic approaches, as they are known to complement each other. This review, therefore, unveils and assesses the uncertainties that influence the different malaria vector persistence mechanisms and provides recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mwima
- Department of Entomology, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tin-Yu J Hui
- Silwood Park Campus, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Ann Nanteza
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Austin Burt
- Silwood Park Campus, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Jonathan K Kayondo
- Department of Entomology, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda.
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Bellec L, Cortesero AM, Giguère T, Faure S, Hervé MR. Food preferences in a generalist pollen feeder: A nutritional strategy mainly driven by plant carbohydrates. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAnimal nutritional strategies have been extensively studied in vertebrates, where generalism at the individual scale is the rule. In insect herbivores, the determinants of the nutritional strategy of individual-scale generalists remain poorly studied, and the focus has been placed mainly on the influence of plant defense. Moreover, the integration of a physiological dimension in such studies remains rare. Here, we investigated the determinants of the nutritional strategy of pre-diapausing pollen beetles, Brassicogethes aeneus, with a focus on the influence of macronutrients. Before their diapause, pollen beetles are known to feed from plants belonging to many different families. This raises three questions: (i) Is the generalism of pollen beetles a populational consequence of individuals specialized on different plant families? (ii) Do individuals feed at random on flowers available or do they have a particular nutritional strategy? and (iii) In case of non-random feeding choices, do pollen macronutrients explain this nutritional strategy?MethodsTo answer these questions, we used a series of laboratory experiments including feeding choice tests on flowers and artificial substrates, quantification of pollen nutrient content, quantification of the insect energetic budget, and performance experiments.ResultsWe show that pollen beetles are generalist at the individual scale, and that clear and stable food preferences are established over a few hours in a multi-choice context. Pollen beetles prefer to feed on flowers with a carbohydrate-rich pollen, and this preference is adaptive since performance correlates positively with the plant carbohydrate content. This better performance may be explained by the fact that individuals feeding on carbohydrate-rich resources accumulate more glycogen and total energetic reserves.DiscussionThis study represents one of the few evidences of generalism at the individual scale in an herbivorous insect. It provides a better understanding of the nutritional strategy of a non-bee pollen feeder and shows the importance of carbohydrates in this strategy. It highlights the need to combine assessments of the plant macronutrient content and insect energetic budget in an adaptive framework to better understand the nutritional strategies of herbivores.
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Engell Dahl J, Renault D. Ecophysiological Responses of the Lesser Mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus Exposed to Desiccating Conditions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826458. [PMID: 35283797 PMCID: PMC8905145 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve predictions of the impacts of climate change on insects, this study aimed to uncover how exposure to dry conditions can affect the biology of the invasive pest beetle Alphitobius diaperinus in terms of longevity, activity, water content, metabolic profiles, and fecundity. We measured desiccation resistance in adults of A. diaperinus by recording the time the beetles could survive desiccation stress. We found that the species was highly desiccation resistant, with about 50% of the insects exposed to desiccation being able to survive for 30 days, and some individuals even survived for up to 50 days at 10% ± 2 relative humidity. There was no evidence of active upregulation of sugars or other metabolites which the beetles could have used to better tolerate desiccation. Food deprivation affected both control (food deprivation, no desiccation) and treatment (food deprivation, desiccation) groups, as their metabolic phenotypes changed similarly after 1 week of treatment. Also, the activity of beetles from both control and desiccation treatments was similarly increased 2 weeks after the experiment had started. Even if there were no changes in the metabolic phenotypes of the insects experiencing desiccating conditions, beetles exposed to desiccation for 8 days had a significantly reduced reproductive output as compared with control insects. This result indicated a physiological cost of drought resistance or repair of stress-incurred damages. The exact nature of that effect (e.g., direct or indirect physiological costs) has not yet been described for tenebrionid beetles and should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Engell Dahl
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution)—UMR 6553, Rennes, France
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution)—UMR 6553, Rennes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Horvath TD, Dagan S, Scaraffia PY. Unraveling mosquito metabolism with mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:747-761. [PMID: 33896683 PMCID: PMC8282712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half a million people die annually due to mosquito-borne diseases. Despite aggressive mosquito population-control efforts, current strategies are limited in their ability to control these vectors. A better understanding of mosquito metabolism through modern approaches can contribute to the discovery of novel metabolic targets and/or regulators and lead to the development of better mosquito-control strategies. Currently, cutting-edge technologies such as gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics are considered 'mature technologies' in many life-science disciplines but are still an emerging area of research in medical entomology. This review primarily discusses recent developments and progress in the application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to answer multiple biological questions related to mosquito metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Horvath
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shai Dagan
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel, 74100, Israel
| | - Patricia Y Scaraffia
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Lee JM, Wasserman RJ, Gan JY, Wilson RF, Rahman S, Yek SH. Human Activities Attract Harmful Mosquitoes in a Tropical Urban Landscape. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:52-63. [PMID: 31786667 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the interrelationship of mosquito communities and land use changes is of paramount importance to understand the potential risk of mosquito disease transmission. This study examined the effects of land use types in urban, peri-urban and natural landscapes on mosquito community structure to test whether the urban landscape is implicated in increased prevalence of potentially harmful mosquitoes. Three land use types (park, farm, and forest nested in urban, peri-urban and natural landscapes, respectively) in Klang Valley, Malaysia, were surveyed for mosquito larval habitat, mosquito abundance and diversity. We found that the nature of human activities in land use types can increase artificial larval habitats, supporting container-breeding vector specialists such as Aedes albopictus, a dengue vector. In addition, we observed a pattern of lower mosquito richness but higher mosquito abundance, characterised by the high prevalence of Ae. albopictus in the urban landscape. This was also reflected in the mosquito community structure whereby urban and peri-urban landscapes were composed of mainly vector species compared to a more diverse mosquito composition in natural landscape. This study suggested that good environmental management practices in the tropical urban landscape are of key importance for effective mosquito-borne disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Building 4, Level 8, Room 36 (4-8-36), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - R J Wasserman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Building 4, Level 8, Room 36 (4-8-36), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - J Y Gan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Building 4, Level 8, Room 36 (4-8-36), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - R F Wilson
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Building 4, Level 8, Room 36 (4-8-36), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - S Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Building 4, Level 8, Room 36 (4-8-36), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - S H Yek
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Building 4, Level 8, Room 36 (4-8-36), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Holmes CJ, Benoit JB. Biological Adaptations Associated with Dehydration in Mosquitoes. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10110375. [PMID: 31661928 PMCID: PMC6920799 DOI: 10.3390/insects10110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that are transmitted by mosquitoes are a tremendous health and socioeconomic burden with hundreds of millions of people being impacted by mosquito-borne illnesses annually. Many factors have been implicated and extensively studied in disease transmission dynamics, but knowledge regarding how dehydration impacts mosquito physiology, behavior, and resulting mosquito-borne disease transmission remain underdeveloped. The lapse in understanding on how mosquitoes respond to dehydration stress likely obscures our ability to effectively study mosquito physiology, behavior, and vectorial capabilities. The goal of this review is to develop a profile of factors underlying mosquito biology that are altered by dehydration and the implications that are related to disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Hidalgo K, Beaugeard E, Renault D, Dedeine F, Lécureuil C. Physiological and biochemical responses to thermal stress vary among genotypes in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 117:103909. [PMID: 31295454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In ectotherm species such as insects, thermal fluctuations represent a major environmental factor driving development, survival and reproduction of individuals. Reproductive traits are particularly sensitive to heat stress that can induce a permanent sterility, or at least hypofertility, of adult males. This study aims to compare physiological and biochemical responses associated to male performances to an exposure of 24 h to moderately high temperature (36 °C) among three inbred lines of N. vitripennis (AsymC, Cor, Oul). Cor males showed very specific metabolic adjustments compared to the two other lines. By contrast, Oul males showed stronger phenotypic adjustment of its life cycle, and produced metabolic water to compensate water loss by heat stress. Finally, AsymC males had probably more difficulties to acclimate at 36 °C, even for a short period, as their adult longevity was significantly reduced. Thus, the ability of developmental plasticity in N. vitripennis males exposed to heat stress appears to be dependent of their genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hidalgo
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Erika Beaugeard
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Franck Dedeine
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France.
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Hidalgo K, Ratel J, Mercier F, Gauriat B, Bouchard P, Engel E. Volatolomics in Bacterial Ecotoxicology, A Novel Method for Detecting Signatures of Pesticide Exposure? Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3113. [PMID: 30671028 PMCID: PMC6332697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced by microorganisms in response to chemical stressor showed recently increasing attention, because of possible environmental applications. In this work, we aimed to bring the first proof of concept that volatolomic (i.e., VOCs analysis) can be used to determine candidate VOC markers of two soil bacteria strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens SG-1 and Bacillus megaterium Mes11) exposure to pesticides. VOC determination was based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Accordingly, we highlighted a set of bacterial VOCs modulated in each strains according to the nature of the pesticide used. Three out these VOCs were specifically modulated in P. fluorescens SG-1 when exposed with two pyrethroid pesticides (deltamethrine and cypermethrine): 2-hexanone; 1,3-ditertbutylbenzene and malonic acid, hexyl 3-methylbutyl ester. Our results thus suggest the possible existence of generic VOC markers of pyrethroids in this strain. Of particular interest, two out of these three VOCs, the 1,3-ditertbutylbenzene and the malonic acid, hexyl 3-methylbutyl ester were found also in B. megaterium Mes11 when exposed with cypermethrine. This result highlighted the possible existence of interspecific VOC markers of pyrethroid in these two bacteria. Altogether, our work underlined the relevance of volatolomic to detect signatures of pesticides exposure in microorganisms and more generally to microbial ecotoxicology. Based on these first results, considerations of volatolomics for the chemical risk assessment in environment such as soils can be indirectly explored in longer terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hidalgo
- INRA UR370 QuaPA, MASS Group, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,Thermo Fisher Scientific ZA de Courtaboeuf, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jeremy Ratel
- INRA UR370 QuaPA, MASS Group, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Benedicte Gauriat
- Thermo Fisher Scientific ZA de Courtaboeuf, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Genome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Engel
- INRA UR370 QuaPA, MASS Group, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Hidalgo K, Montazeau C, Siaussat D, Braman V, Trabalon M, Simard F, Renault D, Dabiré RK, Mouline K. Distinct physiological, biochemical and morphometric adjustments in the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and A. coluzzii as means to survive dry season conditions in Burkina Faso. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.174433. [PMID: 29378815 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aestivation and dispersive migration are the two strategies evoked in the literature to explain the way in which malaria vectors Anopheles coluzzii and A. gambiae survive the harsh climatic conditions of the dry season in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the physiological mechanisms regulating these two strategies are unknown. In the present study, mosquito species were exposed to controlled environmental conditions mimicking the rainy and dry seasons of south western Burkina Faso. Survival strategies were studied through morphometric (wing length), ecophysiological (respiratory gas exchanges), biochemical (cuticular hydrocarbons composition) and molecular (AKH mRNA expression levels) parameters, variations of which are usually considered to be hallmarks of aestivation and dispersion mechanisms in various insects. Our results showed that ecophysiological and morphometric adjustments are made in both species to prevent water losses during the dry season. However, the usual metabolic rate modifications expected as signatures of aestivation and migration were not observed, highlighting specific and original physiological mechanisms sustaining survival in malaria mosquitoes during the dry season. Differences in epicuticular hydrocarbon composition and AKH levels of expression were found between the permanent and temporary A. coluzzii populations, illustrating the great phenotypic plasticity of this mosquito species. Altogether, our work underlines the diverse and complex pattern of changes occurring in the two mosquito species and at the population level to cope with the dry season and highlights potential targets of future control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hidalgo
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France .,INRA UR370 QuaPA, MASS Group, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Montazeau
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - D Siaussat
- UMR 7618 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 4 Place Jussieu, Tour 44-45, 3ème étage, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Braman
- UMR 7618 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 4 Place Jussieu, Tour 44-45, 3ème étage, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Trabalon
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6552 Ethologie animale et humaine, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - F Simard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - D Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - R K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (DRO), 399 Avenue de la Liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - K Mouline
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (DRO), 399 Avenue de la Liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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