1
|
Mencke N, Bäumer W, Fraatz K, Krebber R, Schneider M, Blazejak K. Plasma pharmacokinetics of tigolaner, emodepside, and praziquantel following topical administration of a combination product (Felpreva®) and of intravenous administration of the individual active ingredients in cats. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 4:100126. [PMID: 37456557 PMCID: PMC10344656 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Felpreva® for cats contains the new acaricidal/insecticidal active ingredient tigolaner in a fixed combination with the nematocidal and cestocidal compounds emodepside and praziquantel, respectively. The plasma pharmacokinetics of tigolaner, emodepside, and praziquantel were evaluated in clinically healthy cats following topical (spot-on) treatment as fixed combination Felpreva®. For the determination of bioavailability intravenous administration of single active ingredients was also performed. After a single topical administration of Felpreva® using the target dose volume of 0.148 ml/kg to cats, tigolaner reached mean peak concentrations of 1352 μg/l with a Tmax of 12 days and a mean half-life of 24 days. Simulation of repetitive topical administration every 91 days indicates only a low risk of accumulation after reaching steady state within two to three administrations. The volume of distribution calculated after intravenous dosing was 4 l/kg and plasma clearance was low with 0.005 l/h/kg. Overall plasma exposure was 1566 mg∗h/l after topical administration, providing an absolute bioavailability of 57%. Tigolaner was mainly cleared via the faeces (54% within 28 days), renal clearance was neglectable (< 0.5% within 28 days). Emodepside and praziquantel showed mean peak concentrations of 44 μg/l and 48 μg/l (reached after 1.5 days and 5 h, respectively). Overall plasma exposures were 20.6 and 3.69 mg∗h/l, respectively. The elimination half-life was 14.5 days for emodepside and 10 days for praziquantel after topical administration. After topical administration of Felpreva® using 2.5× and 5× dose multiples an almost proportional increase of plasma exposure was observed for all three active ingredients. With the addition of tigolaner, Felpreva® combines the established pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of emodepside and praziquantel contained in Profender® spot-on for cats with the favourable PK of tigolaner suitable for a 3-months protection against fleas and ticks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Mencke
- Vetoquinol, Department of Medical Marketing Parasitology, 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009 Paris, France
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine Fraatz
- Elanco Animal Health Company, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Krebber
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Vetoquinol Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetic, Development, Lure, France
| | - Katrin Blazejak
- Vetoquinol, Department of Medical Marketing Parasitology, 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou X, Hohman AE, Hsu WH. Current review of isoxazoline ectoparasiticides used in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 45:1-15. [PMID: 33733534 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The isoxazolines are a novel class of ectoparasiticides with potent inhibitory activity on glutamate- and gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel located in nervous system of invertebrates. In recent years, studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of isoxazolines against various types of ectoparasites, including fleas, ticks, and mites. As more single and combined isoxazoline products have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency, a more comprehensive understanding of isoxazolines becomes essential for veterinary clinical practitioners. This article provides a complete review of isoxazolines with respect to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, ectoparasiticidal efficacy, and safety, which will provide veterinarians information to allow them to make the best choice of ectoparasiticide for their clients' specific needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexandra E Hohman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paarlberg T, Karadzovska D, Helbig R. Efficacy of lotilaner (Credelio™) against experimentally induced infestations of the adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, and flea eggs following oral administration to cats. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:139. [PMID: 33673848 PMCID: PMC7934462 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Credelio™ (lotilaner; Elanco) is indicated for the treatment of flea and tick infestations on cats at a recommended lotilaner dose rate of 6–24 mg/kg. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lotilaner following a single oral administration to cats for the treatment and prevention of adult Ctenocephalides felis fleas and flea egg production under laboratory conditions. Methods Two treatment groups of ten cats each were used in this study. One group was treated with lotilaner at a dose rate of 6−9 mg/kg on Day 0 and the other group served as the control group. Each cat was infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on days –1, 6, 13, 20 and 29. At 24 h post-treatment or post-infestation, each cat was combed to remove and count adult live fleas. At each time point, flea eggs were also collected and counted from under each cat cage. Results Following a single oral administration of lotilaner at a minimum dose rate of 6 mg/kg (range 6.00−8.57 mg/kg), the lotilaner group displayed 100%, 100%, 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.8% efficacy against adult live flea counts as compared to the control group on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 30, respectively. At each time point, adult flea counts from the lotilaner-treated cats were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than from the control group. A mean flea egg count of 22.6 in the lotilaner-treated cats (compared to 441.7 in the control animals) was observed 24 h post-treatment. No eggs were present from any of the treated cats on Days 7, 14 and 30 and a single egg was detected on a single treated cat on Day 21. One adverse event (regurgitated food) was observed during the study in one treated cat approximately 1 h after dosing. Conclusions Lotilaner was well tolerated; only one adverse event was observed in the treated group. Virtually all adult fleas were killed within 24 h post-treatment or post-infestation in cats treated with a single dose of lotilaner as compared to the control group, thus significantly reducing the number of flea eggs being produced for 30 days after treatment. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tandy Paarlberg
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA.
| | - Daniela Karadzovska
- Elanco Australasia Pty Ltd, 245 Western Road, Kemps Creek, NSW, 2178, Australia
| | - Rainer Helbig
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuntz EA, Kammanadiminti S. Safety of lotilaner flavoured chewable tablets (Credelio TM) after oral administration in cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:409. [PMID: 30001745 PMCID: PMC6044082 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotilaner is a new member of the isoxazoline class for treatment of flea and tick infestations in cats. This laboratory study with lotilaner vanilla-yeast flavoured chewable tablets (CredelioTM, Elanco) investigated the safety in healthy kittens starting at 8 weeks of age in a randomized, blinded, parallel-group design. Lotilaner tablets were given orally once a month over eight months at one, three and five times the upper level of the maximum recommended dose range (26 mg/kg). METHODS The safety of lotilaner flavoured chewable tablets was assessed in healthy kittens when administered orally every 4 weeks for 8 months at the highest recommended dose rates, i.e. 1× (26 mg/kg) and at elevated dose rates, i.e. 3× (78 mg/kg) and 5× (130 mg/kg). Sixteen male and 16 female healthy 8-week-old kittens, with a mean body weight of 0.79 kg and 0.75 kg, respectively, were randomized to an untreated control group or lotilaner groups at dose rates of 26 mg/kg (1×), 78 mg/kg (3×), or 130 mg/kg (5×) every four weeks over eight months. The control group was sham-dosed. All animals were fed within 30 minutes prior to treatment. Safety assessment included general health observations, detailed clinical observations, complete physical/neurological examinations, including ophthalmological examinations, electrocardiographic (ECG) and clinical pathology evaluations (haematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis), food and water consumption, body weight, pharmacokinetic blood collections, organ macroscopic and microscopic examinations. RESULTS Systemic exposure to lotilaner was confirmed during the course of the study in all treated animals with the exception of the control group. No treatment-related effects were seen on daily clinical observations, food consumption (wet), ophthalmoscopic, physical/neurological and microscopic examinations. Statistically significant differences were recorded in some of the clinical pathology parameters, body weights, food consumption (dry), electrocardiograms, and organ weights, but none of the recorded observations was considered to be of clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS Lotilaner, when administered once monthly over eight months at the highest recommended dose and overdoses of three- and five-fold, to 8-week-old healthy kittens, is well tolerated.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Drake J, Nanchen S. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner (Credelio TM) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:413. [PMID: 30001731 PMCID: PMC6044019 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotilaner, approved for dogs as a chewable tablet formulation, has separately been developed for oral use in cats (CredelioTM chewable tablets for cats), to meet the need for an easy to use, safe and rapidly effective parasiticide. It is a valid cat- and owner-friendly alternative to topical products. This manuscript describes three pivotal laboratory studies assessing the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner in cats against Ixodes ricinus ticks following a single oral administration, at a dose rate close to 6 mg/kg. METHODS In Studies 1 and 2, efficacy and safety were evaluated 48 h after treatment and post-treatment weekly infestations in 16 cats, against untreated controls, for 35 days. In Study 3, efficacy and safety were assessed in 8 lotilaner-treated cats until Day 35, before and after 24 h incubation of the female live ticks removed from the animals 12, 18 and 24 h after dosing and subsequent weekly infestations. RESULTS Efficacy was > 99% on days 23 and 37, and 100% on all other timepoints in Study 1. In Study 2 it was > 98% on Days 9 and 37, and 100% on all other days. In Study 3, on Day 0, lotilaner was > 90% efficacious, pre- and post-incubation at all time-points. On Day 7, at 12 hours after infestation, efficacy was 100%, pre- and post-incubation. On Day 14, there was a 66.5% reduction in geometric mean live tick counts in treated cats compared to controls, increasing, after incubation, to 94.4%. Afterwards, efficacy decreased below 90% while tick counts in the treated groups remained significantly lower compared to controls. At 18 hours, lotilaner was ≥ 90% efficacious through Day 37, increasing to 100% at 24 hours, on all study days, with the exception of Day 28 (98.9 and 99.1% pre- and post-incubation, respectively). There were no treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS At the minimum dose rate of 6 mg/kg, lotilaner was efficacious against I. ricinus ticks. In addition, lotilaner was effective against this tick within 12 hours of treatment, reaching 100% efficacy within 24 hours. Lotilaner sustained a rapid kill of newly infesting I. ricinus through 35 days. By quickly killing ticks that infest cats, lotilaner has the potential to contribute to the reduction of tick-borne pathogens transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Murphy
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Drake
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA
| | - Steve Nanchen
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wright I. Lotilaner - a novel formulation for cats provides systemic tick and flea control. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:407. [PMID: 30001733 PMCID: PMC6043969 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wright
- The Mount Veterinary Practice, 1 Harris Str., Fleetwood Lancs, FY7 6QX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Nanchen S. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner (Credelio™) against Ctenocephalides felis on cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:408. [PMID: 30001727 PMCID: PMC6043949 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotilaner is approved for dogs as a chewable tablet formulation. It has separately been developed for oral administration in cats (Credelio™ chewable tablets for cats) to meet the need for an easy to use, safe and rapidly effective parasiticide and as an alternative to topical products. This paper describes two pivotal laboratory studies assessing the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner in cats against Ctenocephalides felis fleas following a single oral administration, at the minimum recommended dose rate of 6 mg/kg. METHODS Two GCP (Good Clinical Practice), blinded, randomized, negative-controlled, parallel-groups, laboratory studies were performed. In both studies, lotilaner was administered once, per os, at the minimum recommended dose of 6 mg/kg. Study 1 evaluated the efficacy of lotilaner tablets for cats against adult C. felis in experimentally infested cats, 24 h after treatment and after new weekly infestations, until day 35. Study 2 evaluated the speed of kill of lotilaner against C. felis, in cats, 8 and 12 h after treatment and after each subsequent weekly infestation, through day 35. In both studies, for each assessed time point, animals were randomized 1:1 to a lotilaner-treated or a contemporaneous negative control group of 8 cats each. RESULTS In both studies, the infestation in the control groups was adequate at all assessment times. In Study 1, efficacy at 24 h was 100% at all time points. In Study 2, efficacy was ≥ 97.4% at the 8 h and ≥ 98.6% at the 12 h time point, through one month. Lotilaner was well tolerated, with no product-related adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS Lotilaner administered orally to cats at the minimum recommended dose rate of 6 mg/kg was effective as early as 8 hours post-administration and at 8 hours after subsequent weekly infestations of adult C. felis for at least one month. The product was well-tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Murphy
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steve Nanchen
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|