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Puthumana J, Chandrababu A, Sarasan M, Joseph V, Singh ISB. Genetic improvement in edible fish: status, constraints, and prospects on CRISPR-based genome engineering. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:44. [PMID: 38249355 PMCID: PMC10796887 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional selective breeding in aquaculture has been effective in genetically enhancing economic traits like growth and disease resistance. However, its advances are restricted by heritability, the extended period required to produce a strain with desirable traits, and the necessity to target multiple characteristics simultaneously in the breeding programs. Genome editing tools like zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) are promising for faster genetic improvement in fishes. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is the least expensive, most precise, and well compatible with multiplexing of all genome editing approaches, making it a productive and highly targeted approach for developing customized fish strains with specified characteristics. As a result, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in aquaculture is rapidly growing, with the main traits researched being reproduction and development, growth, pigmentation, disease resistance, trans-GFP utilization, and omega-3 metabolism. However, technological obstacles, such as off-target effects, ancestral genome duplication, and mosaicism in founder population, need to be addressed to achieve sustainable fish production. Furthermore, present regulatory and risk assessment frameworks are inadequate to address the technical hurdles of CRISPR/Cas9, even though public and regulatory approval is critical to commercializing novel technology products. In this review, we examine the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the genetic improvement of edible fish, the technical, ethical, and socio-economic challenges to using it in fish species, and its future scope for sustainable fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 16 Kerala India
| | - Aswathy Chandrababu
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 16 Kerala India
| | - Manomi Sarasan
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 16 Kerala India
| | - Valsamma Joseph
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 16 Kerala India
| | - I. S. Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 16 Kerala India
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Vink JNA, Hayhurst M, Gerth ML. Harnessing CRISPR-Cas for oomycete genome editing. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:947-958. [PMID: 37127441 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oomycetes are a group of microorganisms that include pathogens responsible for devastating diseases in plants and animals worldwide. Despite their importance, the development of genome editing techniques for oomycetes has progressed more slowly than for model microorganisms. Here, we review recent breakthroughs in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas technologies that are expanding the genome editing toolbox for oomycetes - from the original Cas9 study to Cas12a editing, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery, and complementation. We also discuss some of the challenges to applying CRISPR-Cas in oomycetes and potential ways to overcome them. Advances in CRISPR-Cas technologies are being used to illuminate the biology of oomycetes, which ultimately can guide the development of tools for managing oomycete diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem N A Vink
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Max Hayhurst
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Monica L Gerth
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa National Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
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Gutási A, Hammer SE, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. Review: Recent Applications of Gene Editing in Fish Species and Aquatic Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071250. [PMID: 37048506 PMCID: PMC10093118 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene editing and gene silencing techniques have the potential to revolutionize our knowledge of biology and diseases of fish and other aquatic animals. By using such techniques, it is feasible to change the phenotype and modify cells, tissues and organs of animals in order to cure abnormalities and dysfunctions in the organisms. Gene editing is currently experimental in wide fields of aquaculture, including growth, controlled reproduction, sterility and disease resistance. Zink finger nucleases, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 targeted cleavage of the DNA induce favorable changes to site-specific locations. Moreover, gene silencing can be used to inhibit the translation of RNA, namely, to regulate gene expression. This methodology is widely used by researchers to investigate genes involved in different disorders. It is a promising tool in biotechnology and in medicine for investigating gene function and diseases. The production of food fish has increased markedly, making fish and seafood globally more popular. Consequently, the incidence of associated problems and disease outbreaks has also increased. A greater investment in new technologies is therefore needed to overcome such problems in this industry. To put it concisely, the modification of genomic DNA and gene silencing can comprehensively influence aquatic animal medicine in the future. On the ethical side, these precise genetic modifications make it more complicated to recognize genetically modified organisms in nature and can cause several side effects through created mutations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of applications of gene modifications and genome editing in fish medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Gutási
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E. Hammer
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Saleh
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Saleh M, Abdel-Baki AAS, Dkhil MA, El-Matbouli M, Al-Quraishy S. Silencing of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90): Effect on development and infectivity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:62. [PMID: 36932404 PMCID: PMC10024447 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, an increasing number of ichthyophthiriasis outbreaks has been reported, leading to high economic losses in fisheries and aquaculture. Although several strategies, including chemotherapeutics and immunoprophylaxis, have been implemented to control the parasite, no effective method is available. Hence, it is crucial to discover novel drug targets and vaccine candidates against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. For this reason, understanding the parasite stage biology, host-pathogen interactions, molecular factors, regulation of major aspects during the invasion, and signaling pathways of the parasite can promote further prospects for disease management. Unfortunately, functional studies have been hampered in this ciliate due to the lack of robust methods for efficient nucleic acid delivery and genetic manipulation. In the current study, we used antisense technology to investigate the effects of targeted gene knockdown on the development and infectivity of I. multifiliis. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and their gold nanoconjugates were used to silence the heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) of I. multifiliis. Parasite stages were monitored for motility and development. In addition, the ability of the treated parasites to infect fish and cause disease was evaluated. RESULTS We demonstrated that ASOs were rapidly internalized by I. multifiliis and distributed diffusely throughout the cytosol. Knocking down of I. multifiliis hsp90 dramatically limited the growth and development of the parasite. In vivo exposure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) showed reduced infectivity of ASO-treated theronts compared with the control group. No mortalities were recorded in the fish groups exposed to theronts pre-treated with ASOs compared with the 100% mortality observed in the non-treated control fish. CONCLUSION This study presents a gene regulation approach for investigating gene function in I. multifiliis in vitro. In addition, we provide genetic evidence for the crucial role of hsp90 in the growth and development of the parasite, suggesting hsp90 as a novel therapeutic target for successful disease management. Further, this study introduces a useful tool and provides a significant contribution to the assessing and understanding of gene function in I. multifiliis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
| | | | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
- Scchool of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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The molecular dialog between oomycete effectors and their plant and animal hosts. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ghimire B, Saraiva M, Andersen CB, Gogoi A, Saleh M, Zic N, van West P, Brurberg MB. Transformation systems, gene silencing and gene editing technologies in oomycetes. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Feng H, Wan C, Zhang Z, Chen H, Li Z, Jiang H, Yin M, Dong S, Dou D, Wang Y, Zheng X, Ye W. Specific interaction of an RNA-binding protein with the 3'-UTR of its target mRNA is critical to oomycete sexual reproduction. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010001. [PMID: 34648596 PMCID: PMC8547697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is an essential stage of the oomycete life cycle. However, the functions of critical regulators in this biological process remain unclear due to a lack of genome editing technologies and functional genomic studies in oomycetes. The notorious oomycete pathogen Pythium ultimum is responsible for a variety of diseases in a broad range of plant species. In this study, we revealed the mechanism through which PuM90, a stage-specific Puf family RNA-binding protein, regulates oospore formation in P. ultimum. We developed the first CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated gene knockout and in situ complementation methods for Pythium. PuM90-knockout mutants were significantly defective in oospore formation, with empty oogonia or oospores larger in size with thinner oospore walls compared with the wild type. A tripartite recognition motif (TRM) in the Puf domain of PuM90 could specifically bind to a UGUACAUA motif in the mRNA 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of PuFLP, which encodes a flavodoxin-like protein, and thereby repress PuFLP mRNA level to facilitate oospore formation. Phenotypes similar to PuM90-knockout mutants were observed with overexpression of PuFLP, mutation of key amino acids in the TRM of PuM90, or mutation of the 3′-UTR binding site in PuFLP. The results demonstrated that a specific interaction of the RNA-binding protein PuM90 with the 3′-UTR of PuFLP mRNA at the post-transcriptional regulation level is critical for the sexual reproduction of P. ultimum. Oomycetes are a class of eukaryotic microorganisms with life cycles and growth habits similar to filamentous fungi, but are not true fungi. Although sexual reproduction, which produce oospores, is an essential stage of life cycle, the functions of critical regulators in this biological process remain unclear due to a lack of genome editing technologies and functional genomic studies in oomycetes. In this study, we developed the first CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated gene knockout and in situ complementation methods for Pythium ultimum, a notorious oomycete pathogen that is responsible for a variety of diseases in a broad range of plant species. We further identified the Puf family RNA-binding protein PuM90 and the flavodoxin-like protein PuFLP as major functional factors involved in P. ultimum oospore formation. We proposed a new model that PuM90 acts as a stage-specific post-transcriptional regulator by specifically binding to the 3′-UTR of PuFLP and then repressing PuFLP mRNA level. This study describes new technologies and data that will help to elucidate sexual reproduction and post-transcriptional regulation in oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanxu Wan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maozhu Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Becking T, Kiselev A, Rossi V, Street-Jones D, Grandjean F, Gaulin E. Pathogenicity of animal and plant parasitic Aphanomyces spp and their economic impact on aquaculture and agriculture. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Gu B, Shao G, Gao W, Miao J, Wang Q, Liu X, Tyler BM. Transcriptional Variability Associated With CRISPR-Mediated Gene Replacements at the Phytophthora sojae Avr1b-1 Locus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645331. [PMID: 33815332 PMCID: PMC8012851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional plasticity enables oomycetes to rapidly adapt to environmental challenges including emerging host resistance. For example, the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae can overcome resistance conferred by the host resistance gene Rps1b through natural silencing of its corresponding effector gene, Avr1b-1. With the Phytophthora CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, it is possible to generate site-specific knock-out (KO) and knock-in (KI) mutants and to investigate the biological functions of target genes. In this study, the Avr1b-1 gene was deleted from the P. sojae genome using a homology-directed recombination strategy that replaced Avr1b-1 with a gene encoding the fluorescent protein mCherry. As expected, all selected KO transformants gained virulence on Rps1b plants, while infection of plants lacking Rps1b was not compromised. When a sgRNA-resistant version of Avr1b-1 was reintroduced into the Avr1b-1 locus of an Avr1b KO transformant, KI transformants with a well-transcribed Avr1b-1 gene were unable to infect Rps1b-containing soybeans. However, loss of expression of the incoming Avr1b-1 gene was frequently observed in KI transformants, which resulted in these transformants readily infecting Rps1b soybeans. A similar variability in the expression levels of the incoming gene was observed with AVI- or mCherry-tagged Avr1b-1 constructs. Our results suggest that Avr1b-1 may be unusually susceptible to transcriptional variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guangda Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qinhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Qiu M, Li Y, Ye W, Zheng X, Wang Y. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in situ complementation method for Phytophthora sojae mutants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:373-381. [PMID: 33484494 PMCID: PMC7865083 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora sojae is an important model species for oomycete functional genomics research. Recently, a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-editing technology has been successfully established in P. sojae, which has been rapidly and widely applied in oomycete research. However, there is an emerging consensus in the biological community that a complete functional gene research system is needed such as developed in the investigations in functional complementation carried out in this study. We report the development of an in situ complementation method for accurate restoration of the mutated gene. We targeted a regulatory B-subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PsPP2Ab1) to verify this knockout and subsequent complementation system. We found that the deletion of PsPP2Ab1 in P. sojae leads to severe defects in vegetative hyphal growth, soybean infection, and loss of the ability to produce sporangia. Subsequently, the reintroduction of PsPP2Ab1 into the knockout mutant remedied all of the deficiencies. This study demonstrates the successful implementation of an in situ complementation system by CRISPR/Cas9, which will greatly accelerate functional genomics research of oomycetes in the post-genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Department of Plant PathologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)NanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yaning Li
- Department of Plant PathologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)NanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant PathologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)NanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant PathologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)NanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant PathologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)NanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Arazoe T. CRISPR-based pathogenic fungal genome editing for control of infection and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 179:161-196. [PMID: 33785176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungi play important roles in many aspects of human life, such as in various food, beverage, agricultural, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Meanwhile, some fungal species cause several severe diseases in plants, humans and animals. Fungal and fungal-like diseases pose a severe threat to human health, food security, and ecosystem health worldwide. This chapter introduces CRISPR-based genome editing technologies for pathogenic fungi and their application in controlling fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Arazoe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, Japan.
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Schuster M, Kahmann R. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing approaches in filamentous fungi and oomycetes. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 130:43-53. [PMID: 31048007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to their biotechnological relevance as well as their importance as disease agents, filamentous fungi and oomycetes have been prime candidates for genetic selection and in vitro manipulation for decades. With the advent of new genome editing technologies such manipulations have reached a new level of speed and sophistication. The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology in particular has revolutionized the ways how desired mutations can be introduced. To date, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system has been established in more than 40 different species of filamentous fungi and oomycetes. In this review we describe the various approaches taken to assure expression of the components necessary for editing and describe the varying strategies used to achieve gene disruptions, gene replacements and precise editing. We discuss potential problems faced when establishing the system, propose ways to circumvent them and suggest future approaches not yet realized in filamentous fungi or oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Schuster
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Dept. Organismic Interactions, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Regine Kahmann
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Dept. Organismic Interactions, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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