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Zhang B, Li W, Cao J, Zhou Y, Yuan X. Prohibitin 2: A key regulator of cell function. Life Sci 2024; 338:122371. [PMID: 38142736 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The PHB2 gene is located on chromosome 12p13 and encodes prohibitin 2, a highly conserved protein of 37 kDa. PHB2 is a dimer with antiparallel coils, possessing a unique negatively charged region crucial for its mitochondrial molecular chaperone functions. Thus, PHB2 plays a significant role in cell life activities such as mitosis, mitochondrial autophagy, signal transduction, and cell death. This review discusses how PHB2 inhibits transcription factors or nuclear receptors to maintain normal cell functions; how PHB2 in the cytoplasm or membrane ensures normal cell mitosis and regulates cell differentiation; how PHB2 affects mitochondrial structure, function, and cell apoptosis through mitochondrial intimal integrity and mitochondrial autophagy; how PHB2 affects mitochondrial stress and inhibits cell apoptosis by regulating cytochrome c migration and other pathways; how PHB2 affects cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis through a mitochondrial independent mechanism; and how PHB2 could be applied in disease treatment. We provide a theoretical basis and an innovative perspective for a comprehensive understanding of the role and mechanism of PHB2 in cell function regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhang
- Gastroenterology and Urology Department II, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiaying Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Xia Yuan
- Gastroenterology and Urology Department II, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Villegas-Coronado D, Guzman-Partida AM, Aispuro-Hernandez E, Vazquez-Moreno L, Huerta-Ocampo JÁ, Sarabia-Sainz JAI, Teran-Saavedra NG, Minjarez-Osorio C, Castro-Longoria R, Maldonado A, Lagarda-Diaz I. Characterization and expression of prohibitin during the mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus, Boheman, 1833) larvae development. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110770. [PMID: 35644320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB) is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex involved in multiple cellular processes. In insects, PHB has been identified as a potential target protein to insecticidal molecules acting as a receptor of PF2 insecticidal lectin in the midgut of Zabrotes subfasciatus larvae (bean pest) and Cry protein of Bacillus thuringiensis in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle). This study aimed to characterize the structural features of Z. subfasciatus prohibitin (ZsPHB) by homology modeling and evaluate its expression and tissue localization at different stages of larval development both at the transcript and protein levels. The samples were collected from eggs and larvae of different developmental stages. The immunodetection of ZsPHB was done with anti-PHB1 and confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Gene expression analysis of ZsPHB1 and ZsPHB2 was performed by RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry with FITC-labeled anti-PHB1. Results showed that ZsPHBs exhibit distinctive characteristics of the SPFH protein superfamily. The transcript levels suggest a coordinated expression of ZsPHB1 and ZsPHB2 genes, while ZsPHB1 was detected in soluble protein extracts depending on the stage of development. Histological examination showed ZsPHB1 is present in all larval tissues, with an intense fluorescence signal observed at the gut. These results suggest a physiologically important role of PHB during Z. subfasciatus development and show its regulation occurs at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This is the first characterization of PHB in Z. subfasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luz Vazquez-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, 83304, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Christian Minjarez-Osorio
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Mexico
| | - Reina Castro-Longoria
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Mexico
| | - Amir Maldonado
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Mexico
| | - Irlanda Lagarda-Diaz
- CONACyT- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Mexico.
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The SPFH Protein Superfamily in Fungi: Impact on Mitochondrial Function and Implications in Virulence. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112287. [PMID: 34835412 PMCID: PMC8624314 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins from the ancient SPFH (stomatin, prohibitin, flotillin, HflK/HflC) protein superfamily are found in nearly all living organisms. Mammalian SPFH proteins are primarily associated with mitochondrial functions but also coordinate key processes such as ion transport, signaling, and mechanosensation. In addition, SPFH proteins are required for virulence in parasites. While mitochondrial functions of SPFH proteins are conserved in fungi, recent evidence has uncovered additional roles for SPFH proteins in filamentation and stress signaling. Inhibitors that target SPFH proteins have been successfully used in cancer and inflammation treatment. Thus, SPFH proteins may serve as a potential target for novel antifungal drug development. This review article surveys SPFH function in various fungal species with a special focus on the most common human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans.
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Characterization and functional analysis of the proteins Prohibitin 1 and 2 in Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009322. [PMID: 33830991 PMCID: PMC8057595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is the third most important neglected tropical disease. There is no vaccine available, and only two drugs are generally prescribed for the treatment, both of which with a wide range of side effects. Our study of T. cruzi PHBs revealed a pleiotropic function in different stages of the parasite, participating actively in the transformation of the non-infective replicative epimastigote form into metacyclic trypomastigotes and also in the multiplication of intracellular amastigotes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To obtain and confirm our results, we applied several tools and techniques such as electron microscopy, immuno-electron microscopy, bioinformatics analysis and molecular biology. We transfected T. cruzi clones with the PHB genes, in order to overexpress the proteins and performed a CRISPR/Cas9 disruption to obtain partially silenced PHB1 parasites or completely silenced PHB2 parasites. The function of these proteins was also studied in the biology of the parasite, specifically in the transformation rate from non-infective forms to the metacyclic infective forms, and in their capacity of intracellular multiplication. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE This research expands our understanding of the functions of PHBs in the life cycle of the parasite. It also highlights the protective role of prohibitins against ROS and reveals that the absence of PHB2 has a lethal effect on the parasite, a fact that could support the consideration of this protein as a possible target for therapeutic action.
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Amiri-Dashatan N, Ahmadi N, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Koushki M. Identification of differential protein expression and putative drug target in metacyclic stage of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: A quantitative proteomics and computational view. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 75:101617. [PMID: 33581562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease that commonly caused by Leishmania (L.) major and L.tropica. Recently there has been a growing interest in proteomics analysis on Leishmania for drug target discovery. Therefore, we aimed to distinguish proteins which might be characteristic for each of the species from those shared by both to the detection of drug targets, which may become helpful for designing new drugs for CL. To identify differences in protein profiles of L. major and L. tropica, we conducted a Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) analysis. Totally 67 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (fold change> 2 and p < 0.05) were identified between species. Of these, 42 and 25 proteins were up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Several enriched GO terms were identified via biological process of up-regulated proteins. Furthermore, the small molecule metabolic process and translation were detected as significant biological processes for up-regulated proteins in L. major, while translation was identified for L. tropica. Also, KEGG analysis has revealed glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and translation as the top pathways in the proteins up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Finally glycosomal malate dehydrogenase was identified as putative drug target using network and homology analyses. The DEPs between the species are essential in host-pathogen interactions and parasite survival in the macrophage. Furthermore, L. major and L. tropica possibly uses different pathogenicity mechanisms that leads to anthroponotic or zoonotic CL. Our results may help in the drug discovery and chemotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Amiri-Dashatan
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Koushki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Valera-Vera EA, Reigada C, Sayé M, Digirolamo FA, Galceran F, Miranda MR, Pereira CA. Effect of capsaicin on the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:6000212. [PMID: 33232444 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease. There are only two approved treatments, both of them unsuitable for the chronic phase, therefore the development of new drugs is a priority. Trypanosoma cruzi arginine kinase (TcAK) is a promising drug target since it is absent in humans and it is involved in cellular stress responses. In a previous study, possible TcAK inhibitors were identified through computer simulations resulting the best compounds capsaicin and cyanidin derivatives. Here, we evaluate the effect of capsaicin on TcAK activity and its trypanocidal effect. Although capsaicin produced a weak enzyme inhibition, it had a strong trypanocidal effect on epimastigotes and trypomastigotes (IC50 = 6.26 µM and 0.26 µM, respectively) being 20-fold more active on trypomastigotes than mammalian cells. Capsaicin was also active on the intracellular cycle reducing by half the burst of trypomastigotes at approximately 2 µM. Considering the difference between the concentrations at which parasite death and TcAK inhibition occur, other possible targets were predicted. Capsaicin is a selective trypanocidal agent active in nanomolar concentrations, with an IC50 57-fold lower than benznidazole, the drug currently used for treating Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Valera-Vera
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Universidad de Buenos Aires,Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chantal Reigada
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Universidad de Buenos Aires,Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Sayé
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Universidad de Buenos Aires,Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabio A Digirolamo
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Universidad de Buenos Aires,Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Galceran
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Universidad de Buenos Aires,Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana R Miranda
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Universidad de Buenos Aires,Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio A Pereira
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Universidad de Buenos Aires,Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Comparative mitochondrial proteomics of Leishmania tropica clinical isolates resistant and sensitive to meglumine antimoniate. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1857-1871. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rashidi S, Mojtahedi Z, Shahriari B, Kalantar K, Ghalamfarsa G, Mohebali M, Hatam G. An immunoproteomic approach to identifying immunoreactive proteins in Leishmania infantum amastigotes using sera of dogs infected with canine visceral leishmaniasis. Pathog Glob Health 2019; 113:124-132. [PMID: 31099725 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1616952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the most severe form of leishmaniasis, is caused by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. The infected dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) are important reservoirs for VL in humans, so the diagnosis, treatment and vaccination of the infected dogs will ultimately decrease the rate of human VL. Proteomics and immunoproteomics techniques have facilitated the introduction of novel drug, vaccine and diagnostic targets. Our immunoproteomic study was conducted to identify new immunoreactive proteins in amastigote form of L. infantum. The strain of L. infantum (MCAN/IR/07/Moheb-gh) was obtained from CVL-infected dogs. J774 macrophage cells were infected with the L. infantum promastigotes. The infected macrophages were ruptured, and pure amastigotes were extracted from the macrophages. After protein extraction, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was employed for protein separation followed by Western blotting. Western blotting was performed, using symptomatic and asymptomatic sera of the infected dogs with CVL. Thirteen repeatable immunoreactive spots were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Some, including prohibitin, ornithine aminotransferase, annexin A4, and apolipoprotein A-I, have been critically involved in metabolic pathways, survival, and pathogenicity of Leishmania parasites. Further investigations are required to confirm our identified immunoreactive proteins as a biomarker for CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rashidi
- a Department of Parasitology and Mycology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Zahra Mojtahedi
- b Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Bahador Shahriari
- c Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- d Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- e Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , Yasuj University of Medical Sciences , Yasuj , Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- f Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- c Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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