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Ardkhongharn N, Ravichotikul R, Aksornchai P, Weluwanarak T, Chaiphongpachara T, Changbunjong T. Wing geometric morphometrics to distinguish and identify Haematobosca flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from Thailand. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:74-82. [PMID: 37144141 PMCID: PMC10151224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The hematophagous flies of the genus Haematobosca Bezzi, 1907 (Diptera: Muscidae) are important ectoparasites in domestic animals and wildlife. Two species of this genus have been recorded in Thailand, viz., Haematobosca sanguinolenta (Austen, 1909) and Haematobosca aberrans (Pont, Duvallet & Changbunjong, 2020). They have a similar morphology and coexist in the same habitat. The correct species identification of these flies is extremely important for understanding disease epidemiology and developing effective control measures. Geometric morphometrics (GM) has been confirmed to be a useful tool for differentiating and identifying morphologically similar insect species. Therefore, GM was used to distinguish and identify H. sanguinolenta and H. aberrans in Thailand. Adult flies of both sexes were collected using Nzi traps, morphologically identified, and analyzed by landmark-based GM of the wing. Results showed that GM was highly effective in distinguishing the two Haematobosca species based on their wing shape, with an overall accuracy score of 99.3%. We also revealed that our study material could be used as reference data to identify new field specimens collected from other geographic locations. We propose that wing GM can be used as a supplement to conventional morphology identification, particularly for Haematobosca specimen that has been damaged or has lost its diagnostic characteristics due to specimen collection and processing in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusara Ardkhongharn
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Romyakorn Ravichotikul
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Patthanan Aksornchai
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Thekhawet Weluwanarak
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, 75000, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Corresponding author. Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Changbunjong T, Chaiphongpachara T, Weluwanarak T. Species Discrimination of Stomoxys Flies S. bengalensis, S. calcitrans, and S. sitiens (Diptera: Muscidae) Using Wing Geometric Morphometrics. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040647. [PMID: 36830433 PMCID: PMC9951760 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The flies of the genus Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762 (Diptera: Muscidae), are regarded as pests of veterinary and medical importance. In Thailand, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) is the most abundant species and is widely distributed throughout the country. This Stomoxys species can coexist with two other morphologically similar species: Stomoxys bengalensis Picard, 1908, and Stomoxys sitiens Rondani, 1873. Hence, discriminating using morphological characteristics is difficult, especially if the specimen is damaged or loses its diagnostic characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the landmark-based geometric morphometric (GM) approach to discriminate among the three Stomoxys spp.: S. bengalensis, S. calcitrans, and S. sitiens. Left-wing images of S. bengalensis (n = 120), S. calcitrans (n = 150), and S. sitiens (n = 155) were used for the GM analyses. The results of the wing shape analyses revealed that the GM approach was highly effective for discriminating three Stomoxys, with high accuracy scores ranging from 93.75% to 100%. This study adds to the evidence that landmark-based GM is an excellent alternative approach for discriminating Stomoxys species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Thekhawet Weluwanarak
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Chaiphongpachara T, Weluwanarak T, Changbunjong T. Intraspecific variation in wing geometry among Tabanus rubidus (Diptera: Tabanidae) populations in Thailand. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:920755. [PMID: 36118331 PMCID: PMC9480827 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.920755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tabanus rubidus (Wiedemann, 1821) (Diptera: Tabanidae) is a hematophagous insect of veterinary and medical importance and is the predominant Tabanus spp. in Thailand. It is a potential mechanical vector of Trypanosoma evansi, which causes surra in domestic and wild animals. Wing geometric morphometrics is widely used as morphological markers for species identification and to assess the insect population structure. Herein, we investigated the intraspecific variation in wing geometry among T. rubidus populations in Thailand using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis. Tabanus rubidus females were collected from five populations in four geographical regions in Thailand. The left wings of 240 specimens were removed and digitized using 22 landmarks for analysis. While wing size variations were found between some populations, wing shape variations were detected in all. These intraspecific variations in T. rubidus populations indicate an adaptive response to the local environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thekhawet Weluwanarak
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Tanasak Changbunjong
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Chaiphongpachara T, Duvallet G, Changbunjong T. Wing Phenotypic Variation among Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations in Thailand. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050405. [PMID: 35621741 PMCID: PMC9143182 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is the predominant Stomoxys spp. in Thailand and is considered a pest for livestock, pets, wildlife, and occasionally humans. This study investigated the phenotypic variation in the wing size and shape of S. calcitrans populations from different geographical regions in Thailand using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis. Results showed strong spatial variation in wing shape among S. calcitrans populations and thus suggested the existence of phenotypic plasticity in this fly. Abstract Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is a cosmopolitan hematophagous ectoparasite of veterinary and medical importance. It is an important mechanical vector of several animal pathogens and can cause significant economic losses. However, the morphological variation of this species remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic variation in the wing size and shape of S. calcitrans populations in Thailand based on a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. Specimens were collected from five populations in five geographical regions in Thailand. A total of 490 left wings of S. calcitrans (245 female and 245 male individuals) were used for geometric morphometric analysis. Wing size differences were detected between some populations of S. calcitrans, whereas wing shape differences were found among populations. Therefore, the phenotypic variation in S. calcitrans populations indicated that these populations are adaptive responses to local environmental pressures, suggesting the presence of phenotypic plasticity in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand;
| | - Gerard Duvallet
- UMR5175, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Kökdener M, Kiper F. Effects of Larval Population Density and Food Type on the Life Cycle of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:324-329. [PMID: 33377158 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Larval density is an important factor modulating larval resource-acquisition, influencing development of insects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of larval density and substrate content on some life-history parameters of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae). This research was carried out from March 2019 through September 2019 at Animal Physiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. Groups of 25, 100, 200, and 400 newly hatched M. domestica larvae were transferred to a polyethylene cup filled with different substrates (i.e., wheat bran, poultry meal, soybean meal) and kept at 25°C, 62% RH with a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. A two-way analysis of variance (Two way ANOVA) was used to analyze the data on the percentage of pupal and larval survival development time, pupal, and adult weight to evaluate the effect of density and rearing substrate. In this study, increasing larval density and nutrient content of food led to changes in the larval and pupal development time of M. domestica. The results also indicated that the weight of pupae and adult survival was negatively affected by increasing larval density. The wheat bran diet was superior to the other diets for all parameters tested. Our study indicated that life history parameters of Musca domestica are affected by the rearing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kökdener
- Health Science Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kiper
- Institute of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Silva ERMN, Santos LV, Caiado MS, Hastenreiter LSN, Fonseca SRR, Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Carvalho MG, Pontes EG. The influence of larval density on triacylglycerol content in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21757. [PMID: 33145814 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of Aedes aegypti as an arbovirus vector, understanding the impact of population density during larval development is fundamental to improve control methods. The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of larval density on the triacylglycerol (TAG) reserves, fecundity, and the size of mosquitos. To evaluate the influence of density on the amount of TAG in the different stages of development of A. aegypti, the larvae were reared in densities of 0.04, 0.32, and 0.8 larvae/ml, represented by D1, D2, and D3, respectively. Larval rearing density affected the amount of TAG in the different developmental stages of this insect. The group reared with the highest population density (D3) presented greater storage of TAG, except when analyzing the amount of TAG μg/protein in the fat body of blood-fed females. In addition, it was possible to observe higher resistance to fasting and a greater number of eggs laid. Insects reared in D2 and D3 were larger than those in the D1 group. This study provides interesting data for future investigations on how the density of larval rearing affects the lipid metabolism for synthesis and mobilization of TAG stored in A. aegypti and how it influences size and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R M N Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Luan V Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Matheus S Caiado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Luana S N Hastenreiter
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Sabrina R R Fonseca
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Ana L Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario G Carvalho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Emerson G Pontes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
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Macedo MP, Arantes LC, Tidon R. Contrasting Responses of Wing Morphology of Three Blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Species to Competition. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:738-744. [PMID: 31751464 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Competition influences the expression of morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits and also regulates ecological and evolutionary dynamics. This study aims to identify and characterize changes in wing morphology in response to intra- and interspecific competition in three necrophagous blowfly species. Using geometric morphometry, we analyzed 3,238 wings from Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, and C. vomitoria (Linnaeus, 1758) raised under cloistered and pairwise conditions. The three species reacted similarly to intraspecific competition-reducing wing size with increased competition-but displayed contrasting patterns of response to interspecific competition. Lucilia sericata displayed a directional change in wing shape in response to an interspecific competitor, while C. vicina increased the scattering of individuals across the morphospace, and C. vomitoria displayed no significant change in response to the same stimulus. Our results show that the same stimulus yields distinctive responses; thus, different competition-related strategies are expected to occur in the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Macedo
- Criminalistics Institute, Federal District Police Department, Brasília (DF), Brazil
- PPG Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - L C Arantes
- Criminalistics Institute, Federal District Police Department, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - R Tidon
- PPG Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brazil
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