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Chen KY, Chen YJ, Cheng CJ, Jhan KY, Chiu CH, Wang LC. The therapeutic effect of tanshinone IIA in mouse astrocytes after treatment with Angiostrongylus cantonensis fifth-stage larval excretory-secretory products. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:853-862. [PMID: 37147244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are valuable targets for studying host-parasite relationships. ESPs are composed of a variety of molecules that are used to penetrate defensive barriers and avoid immune attack of the host. Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) is a vasoactive cardioprotective drug that is widely used in studies evaluating potential therapeutic mechanisms. In this study, we will evaluate the therapeutic effects of TSIIA in mouse astrocytes after A. cantonensis fifth-stage larvae (L5) ESPs treatment. METHODS Here, we examined the therapeutic effect of TSIIA by real-time qPCR, western blotting, activity assay, and cell viability assays. RESULTS First, the results showed that TSIIA can elevate cell viability in astrocytes after stimulation with ESPs. On the other hand, TSIIA downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related molecules. However, the expression of molecules related to antioxidant, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress was significantly increased. The results of antioxidant activation assays showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase were significantly increased. Finally, we found that cell apoptosis and oxidative stress were reduced in TSIIA-treated astrocytes by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that TSIIA can reduce cellular damage caused by A. cantonensis L5 ESPs in astrocytes and clarify the related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Jhan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Dahl R, Moore AC, Knight C, Mauger C, Zhang H, Schiltz GE, Koss WA, Bezprozvanny I. Positive Allosteric Modulator of SERCA Pump NDC-1173 Exerts Beneficial Effects in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11057. [PMID: 37446234 PMCID: PMC10341805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. AD does not have a cure and most drug development efforts in the AD field have been focused on targeting the amyloid pathway based on the "amyloid cascade hypothesis". However, in addition to the amyloid pathway, substantial evidence also points to dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been proposed that pharmacological agents that stabilize neuronal Ca2+ signaling may act as disease-modifying agents in AD. In previous studies, we demonstrated that positive allosteric regulators (PAMs) of the Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump might act as such Ca2+ stabilizing agents. In the present study, we report the development of a novel SERCA PAM agent, compound NDC-1173. To test the effectiveness of this compound, we performed behavioral studies with the APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model. We also evaluated effects of this compound on expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the SERCA pump is a potential novel therapeutic drug target and that NDC-1173 is a promising lead molecule for developing disease-modifying agents in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Dahl
- Neurodon, 9800 Connecticut Drive, Crown Point, IN 46307, USA;
| | - Amanda C. Moore
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.C.M.); (W.A.K.)
| | - Caitlynn Knight
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Colleen Mauger
- Neurodon, 9800 Connecticut Drive, Crown Point, IN 46307, USA;
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Gary E. Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wendy A. Koss
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.C.M.); (W.A.K.)
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.K.); (H.Z.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Jhan KY, Chang PK, Cheng CJ, Jung SM, Wang LC. Synaptic loss and progression in mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the early stage. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:85. [PMID: 35414007 PMCID: PMC9006624 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiostrongylus cantonensis is also known as rat lungworm. Infection with this parasite is a zoonosis that can cause eosinophilic meningitis and/or eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans and may lead to fatal outcomes in severe cases. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of the impairments in the cognitive functions of mice infected with A. cantonensis. Methods In infected mice with different infective intensities at different timepoint postinfection, loss and recovery of cognitive functions such as learning and memory abilities were determined. Neuronal death and damage to synaptic structures were analyzed by Western blotting and IHC in infected mice with different infection intensities at different timepoint postinfection. Results The results of behavioral tests, pathological examinations, and Golgi staining showed that nerve damage caused by infection in mice occurred earlier than pathological changes of the brain. BDNF was expressed on 14 day post-infection. Cleaved caspase-3 increased significantly in the late stage of infection. However, IHC on NeuN indicated that no significant changes in the number of neurons were found between the infected and uninfected groups. Conclusions The synaptic loss caused by the infection of A. cantonensis provides a possible explanation for the impairment of cognitive functions in mice. The loss of cognitive functions may occur before severe immunological and pathological changes in the infected host. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02436-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Jhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Pathology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung Children Hospital at Linkou and Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Xu J, Pang Z, Zhang J, Xia S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Zhen J, Song X, Lin L, Sun F, Xuan X, Lu Y. Regulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis and a serine protease inhibitor on the endoplasmic reticulum stress response of intestinal epithelial cells. Vet Res 2022; 53:18. [PMID: 35241168 PMCID: PMC8892742 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum can cause an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response. If ERS continues or cannot be alleviated, it will cause the production of proapoptotic factors and eventually lead to apoptosis. Therefore, this study mainly explored whether Trichinella spiralis Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor (TsKaSPI) contributed to the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells during the infectious stage of T. spiralis by regulating ERS. First, in the T. spiralis infection model, H&E staining was used to analyse the damage to jejunum tissue, a TUNEL assay was used to examine cell apoptosis, and the expression of ERS-related and apoptosis-related molecules was also measured. The results showed that ERS occurred during the intestinal phase of T. spiralis infection, while remission began during the cyclic phase. Then, we selected TsKaSPI, one of the important components of T. spiralis ES antigens, for in vitro experiments. The results showed that TsKaSPI could induce apoptosis in a porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC cells) by activating ERS and promote activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Inhibition experiments confirmed that the occurrence of ERS was accompanied by the activation of NF-κB, and the two processes regulated each other. Finally, we conducted in vivo experiments and administered TsKaSPI to mice. The results confirmed that TsKaSPI could activate ERS and lead to apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, T. spiralis infection and TsKaSPI can promote cell apoptosis by activating the ERS response in intestinal epithelial cells and activate the NF-κB signalling pathway to promote the occurrence and development of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Street, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zixuan Pang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruibiao Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingbo Zhen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuewei Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lihao Lin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinxin Xuan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Hui Z, Wang S, Li J, Wang J, Zhang Z. Compound Tongluo Decoction inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced ferroptosis and promoted angiogenesis by activating the Sonic Hedgehog pathway in cerebral infarction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114634. [PMID: 34536518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral infarction is one of the most common types of cerebrovascular diseases that threaten people's health. Compound Tongluo Decoction (CTLD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has various pharmacological activities, including the alleviation of cerebral infarction symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the potential mechanism by which CTLD alleviates cerebral infarction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model were established for research. The expression of proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ferroptosis, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway and angiogenesis was analyzed by Western blot analysis. The expression of CD31 was detected by immunofluorescence to investigate angiogenesis. In addition, the expression of GRP78 and XBP-1 in brain tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry. With the application of Prussian blue staining, iron deposition in brain tissue was detected. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected using ELISA kits. The angiogenesis was analyzed by tube formation assay. RESULTS The results presented in this research showed that CTLD and 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA; the inhibitor of ER stress) could alleviate cerebral infarction. Mechanistically, CTLD and 4-PBA rescued ER stress and ferroptosis, but promoted SHH signaling in rats with cerebral infarction. In addition, cerebral infarction exhibited a high level of angiogenesis, which was aggravated by CTLD but suppressed by 4-PBA. Furthermore, CTLD inhibited ER stress and ferroptosis, but promoted SHH signaling and angiogenesis in OGD/R-induced PC12 cells, which was partly abolished by SANT-1, an antagonist of SHH signaling. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study revealed that CTLD might inhibit ferroptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and promote angiogenesis by activating the Sonic Hedgehog pathway in rats with cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hui
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu province, PR China
| | - Sulei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu province, PR China
| | - Jianxiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu province, PR China
| | - Jingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu province, PR China
| | - Zhennian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu province, PR China.
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Benzaldehyde Attenuates the Fifth Stage Larval Excretory–Secretory Product of Angiostrongylus cantonensis-Induced Injury in Mouse Astrocytes via Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020177. [PMID: 35204678 PMCID: PMC8961544 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excretory–secretory products (ESPs) are the main research targets for investigating the hosts and helminths interaction. Parasitic worms can migrate to parasitic sites and avoid the host immune response by secreting this product. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage and symptoms, including eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans. Benzaldehydes are organic compounds composed of a benzene ring and formyl substituents. This compound has anti-inflammatory and antioxidation properties. Previous studies showed that 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBA) can reduce apoptosis in A. cantonensis ESP-treated astrocytes. These results on the protective effect underlying benzaldehyde have primarily focused on cell survival. The study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and oxidative stress in astrocytes in A. cantonensis ESP-treated astrocytes and to evaluate the therapeutic consequent of 3-HBA and 4-HBA. First, we initially established the RNA-seq dataset in each group, including normal, ESPs, ESPs + 3-HBA, and ESPs + 4-HBA. We also found that benzaldehyde (3-HBA and 4-HBA) can stimulate astrocytes to express ER stress-related molecules after ESP treatment. The level of oxidative stress could also be decreased in astrocytes by elevating antioxidant activity and reducing ROS generation. These results suggested that benzaldehyde may be a potential therapeutic compound for human angiostrongyliasis to support brain cell survival by inducing the expression levels of ER stress- and oxidative stress-related pathways.
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Decoding the Roles of Astrocytes and Hedgehog Signaling in Medulloblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:3058-3070. [PMID: 34436033 PMCID: PMC8395412 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The molecular evolution of medulloblastoma is more complex than previously imagined, as emerging evidence suggests that multiple interactions between the tumor cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are important for tumor promotion and progression. The identification of several molecular networks within the TME, which interact with tumoral cells, has provided new clues to understand the tumorigenic roles of many TME components as well as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies regarding the roles of astrocytes in supporting sonic hedgehog (SHH) subgroup medulloblastoma (MB) and provide an overview of MB progression through SHH expression and signal transduction mechanisms into the complex tumor microenvironment. In addition, we highlight the associations between tumor and stromal cells as possible prognostic markers that could be targeted with new therapeutic strategies.
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