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Ortiz Caltempa A, Hernández M, Pérez AL, Aguilar L, Guzmán C, Ayón-Núñez DA, Fragoso G, Bobes RJ, López ME, Sciutto E, Villareal ML. Improvement of cell suspension cultures of transformed and untransformed Carica papaya cell lines, towards the development of an antiparasitic product against the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:958741. [PMID: 36159651 PMCID: PMC9493254 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have a major impact on human and animal health worldwide. Despite the availability of effective anti-parasitic drugs, their excessive and uncontrolled use has promoted the emergence of drug resistance, severely affecting ecosystems and human health. Thus, developing environmentally friendly antiparasitic treatments is urgently needed. Carica papaya has shown promising effects against infectious diseases. C. papaya embryogenic calluses were genetically modified by our research team to insert immunogenic peptides with the goal of developing an oral anti-cysticercosis vaccine. Among these callus cell lines, one labeled as CF-23, which expresses the KETc7 immunogenic peptide, induced the highest protection levels against experimental cysticercosis. In the process of designing a natural antiparasitic product based on C. papaya that simultaneously induced immunity against cysticercosis, both transformed (SF-23) and untransformed (SF-WT) suspension cultures were produced and optimized. Our results showed a better duplication time (td) for SF-23 (6.9 days) than SF-WT (13.02 days); thus, the SF-23 line was selected for scale-up in a 2-L airlift bioreactor, reaching a td of 4.4 days. This is the first time that a transgenic line of C. papaya has been grown in an airlift bioreactor, highlighting its potential for scale-up cultivation in this type of reactor. Considering the previously reported nematocidal activity of C. papaya tissues, their activity against the nematode Haemonchus contortus of aqueous extracts of SF-WT and SF-23 was explored in this study, with promising results. The information herein reported will allow us to continue the cultivation of the transgenic cell suspension line of C. papaya under reproducible conditions, to develop a new anti-parasitic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Ortiz Caltempa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Lilia Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Liliana Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dolores Adriana Ayón-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl J. Bobes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maria Eugenia López
- Centro de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: María Luisa Villareal, ; Edda Sciutto,
| | - María Luisa Villareal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- *Correspondence: María Luisa Villareal, ; Edda Sciutto,
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Understanding Molecular Plant–Nematode Interactions to Develop Alternative Approaches for Nematode Control. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162141. [PMID: 36015444 PMCID: PMC9415668 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developing control measures of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) rank high as they cause big crop losses globally. The growing awareness of numerous unsafe chemical nematicides and the defects found in their alternatives are calling for rational molecular control of the nematodes. This control focuses on using genetically based plant resistance and exploiting molecular mechanisms underlying plant–nematode interactions. Rapid and significant advances in molecular techniques such as high-quality genome sequencing, interfering RNA (RNAi) and gene editing can offer a better grasp of these interactions. Efficient tools and resources emanating from such interactions are highlighted herein while issues in using them are summarized. Their revision clearly indicates the dire need to further upgrade knowledge about the mechanisms involved in host-specific susceptibility/resistance mediated by PPN effectors, resistance genes, or quantitative trait loci to boost their effective and sustainable use in economically important plant species. Therefore, it is suggested herein to employ the impacts of these techniques on a case-by-case basis. This will allow us to track and optimize PPN control according to the actual variables. It would enable us to precisely fix the factors governing the gene functions and expressions and combine them with other PPN control tactics into integrated management.
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