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Gomes-Gonçalves S, Palmeira JD, Ferreira H, Santos-Silva S, Mesquita JR. Occurrence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Zoonotic Enteropathogenic Protist Parasites in Asymptomatic Domestic Ruminants from Portugal. Pathogens 2023; 12:1341. [PMID: 38003805 PMCID: PMC10675233 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic parasites are of significant concern for public health due to their zoonotic potential and their impact on human and animal health. In this study, we investigated their occurrence and characterized these enteropathogens in asymptomatic domestic ruminants from Portugal. A total of 302 stool samples were collected from cattle (n = 166), sheep (n = 73), and goats (n = 63) in various regions of Portugal and tested for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Blastocystis sp., and Balantioides coli by PCR. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. was found to be 12.7% (8/63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.65-23.5) in goats; however, no sample was found to be positive for Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle and sheep. For E. bieneusi, 6.35% (4/63; 95%CI: 1.76-15.47) of goats were found to be positive; however, no cattle or sheep were found to be positive. Blastocystis sp. was found in sheep (9.59%; 7/73; 95% [CI]: 0.394-18.76) and goats (12.70%; 8/63; 95% [CI]: 5.65-23.50) but none was found in cattle. No positive results for G. duodenalis or B. coli were detected in this study. This study provides essential baseline information for understanding the silent shedding and epidemiology of these enteropathogens in Portugal, contributing to overall livestock health and related occupational safety. Raising awareness among consumers, veterinarians, and farm owners is crucial to minimize the risk of transmission and promote effective disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gomes-Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Josman Dantas Palmeira
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.D.P.); (H.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.D.P.); (H.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Santos-Silva
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João R. Mesquita
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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Zhang YY, Zou Y, Li YQ, Ma PP, Liu ZL, Wang S, Sun XL. Subtyping of Nonhuman Primate-Adapted Cryptosporidium hominis in Macaca Fascicularis and Macaca mulatta in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023. [PMID: 37326984 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are a type of protozoan parasite responsible for causing diarrheal illness worldwide. They infect a broad range of vertebrate hosts, including both non-human primates (NHPs) and humans. In fact, zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis from NHPs to humans is frequently facilitated by direct contact between the two groups. However, there is a need to enhance the information available on the subtyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in NHPs in the Yunnan province of China. Materials and Methods: Thus, the study investigated the molecular prevalence and species of Cryptosporidium spp. from 392 stool samples of Macaca fascicularis (n = 335) and Macaca mulatta (n = 57) by using nested PCR targeting the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene. Of the 392 samples, 42 (10.71%) were tested Cryptosporidium-positive. Results: All the samples were identified as Cryptosporidium hominis. Further, the statistical analysis revealed that age is a risk factor for the infection of C. hominis. The probability of detecting C. hominis was found to be higher (odds ratio = 6.23, 95% confidence interval 1.73-22.38) in NHPs aged between 2 and 3 years, as compared with those younger than 2 years. Sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) identified six (IbA9 n = 4, IiA17 n = 5, InA23 n = 1, InA24 n = 2, InA25 n = 3, and InA26 n = 18) C. hominis subtypes with "TCA" repeats. Among these subtypes, it has been previously reported that the Ib family subtypes are also capable of infecting humans. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the genetic diversity of C. hominis infection among M. fascicularis and M. mulatta in Yunnan province. Further, the results confirm that both these NHPs are susceptible to C. hominis infection, posing a potential threat to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Zhang
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qi Li
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Sun
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
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Wang N, Wang K, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhang S, Zhang L. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in laboratory rodents in China. Parasite 2022; 29:46. [PMID: 36219067 PMCID: PMC9552759 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis are significant zoonotic intestinal pathogens that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and induce a host immune response. A total of 1237 fecal samples were collected from laboratory rodents (rats, mice and guinea pigs) from four different locations in China to investigate the infection rates and molecular characterization of these pathogens on experimental animals. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample, and PCR amplifications were done. Overall, the Cryptosporidium spp. infection rate was 3.8% (47/1237). Four known Cryptosporidium species were identified, namely C. parvum, C. muris, C. tyzzeri and C. homai, the three former being zoonotic species. The overall E. bieneusi infection rate was 3.0% (37/1237). Seven known E. bieneusi genotypes, namely S7, BEB6, J, Henan-IV, CHG10, D and WL6, were detected by sequence analysis. Among these, genotypes D, Henan-IV and CHG10 have a high zoonotic risk. Giardia duodenalis was not detected at any of the three loci (SSU rRNA, bg and gdh) after PCR amplification. This study provides basic data for these pathogens in laboratory rodents in China and lays the foundation for their prevention and control in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 Henan PR China,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Zhengzhou Henan PR China,Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhengzhou Henan PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 Henan PR China,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Zhengzhou Henan PR China,Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhengzhou Henan PR China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 Henan PR China,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Zhengzhou Henan PR China,Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhengzhou Henan PR China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 Henan PR China,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Zhengzhou Henan PR China,Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhengzhou Henan PR China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 Henan PR China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 Henan PR China,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Zhengzhou Henan PR China,Corresponding authors: (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 Henan PR China,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Zhengzhou Henan PR China,Corresponding authors: (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Kamyingkird K, Phoosangwalthong P, Klinkaew N, Leelanupat A, Kengradomkij C, Chimnoi W, Rungnirundorn T, Nimsuphan B, Inpankaew T. Detection of Giardia duodenalis Zoonotic Assemblages AI and BIV in Pet Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicanus) in Bangkok, Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151949. [PMID: 35953937 PMCID: PMC9367409 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia is a flagellate protozoa that can be transmitted via direct contact and by consuming contaminated water. It is pathogenic in humans and various other animals, including exotic pets. Pet prairie dogs are popular in Thailand, but they have not been investigated regarding giardiasis. Giardia infection was measured, and genetic characterization was performed to investigate the zoonotic potential of Giardia carried by pet prairie dogs. In total, 79 fecal samples were examined from prairie dogs visiting the Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital during 2017–2021. Simple floatation was conducted. Two Giardia-positive samples were submitted for DNA extraction, PCR targeting the Giardiassu rRNA, tpi and gdh genes was performed, and genetic characterization using sequencing analysis was conducted. Risk factors associated with Giardia infection were analyzed. Giardia infection was found in 11 out of the 79 pet prairie dogs (13.9%). Giardia infection was significantly higher in male prairie dogs (p = 0.0345). Coccidia cysts (12.7%), the eggs of nematodes (6.3%), and amoeba cysts (2.5%) were also detected. Genetic characterization of the two Giardia-positive samples revealed that they were G. duodenalis assemblage A, sub-genotypes AI and assemblage B, and sub-genotype BIV, the zoonotic assemblages. This was the first report of Giardia infection in pet prairie dogs in Bangkok, Thailand. The results revealed that these pet prairie dogs in Thailand were infected with zoonotic assemblages of G. duodenalis sub-genotype AI, which might have been derived from animal contaminants, whereas sub-genotype BIV might have been derived from human contaminants. Owners of prairie dogs might be at risk of giardiasis or be the source of infection to their exotic pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketsarin Kamyingkird
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.P.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (C.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Pornkamol Phoosangwalthong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.P.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (C.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Nutsuda Klinkaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.P.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (C.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Alisara Leelanupat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.P.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (C.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Chanya Kengradomkij
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.P.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (C.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Wissanuwat Chimnoi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.P.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (C.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Teerapat Rungnirundorn
- Exotic Clinic, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Burin Nimsuphan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.P.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (C.K.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Tawin Inpankaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.P.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (C.K.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (T.I.)
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