1
|
Liu Q, Zhang H, Hou J, Wang J, Li T, Wu Y, Li C, Liu Q, Xing D, Gong Z, Zhao T. Resistance of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae and adults to insecticides based on bioassays and knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in Zhejiang Province, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:117007. [PMID: 39260213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus, a common mosquito in Zhejiang Province, is a carrier of more than twenty arboviruses. There are dozens or even hundreds of imported cases of dengue fever every year in Zhejiang Province, and there have also been many local outbreaks caused by imported cases of dengue fever. The objectives were to assess the resistance of larvae and adults of several Ae. albopictus strains in Zhejiang Province to commonly used pyrethroid insecticides (beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin), and detect mutations in the sodium channel gene, to further analyse the relationship between phenotypic resistance and the frequency of mutations. The resistance of eight field strains of Ae. albopictus larvae to beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin ranged from 8.17 to 36.06, 12.12-107.3 and 1.55-81.9, respectively, and there was a significant positive correlation of interaction resistance among the three insecticides. The mutation frequencies of I1532T and F1534S in the larvae of Ae. albopictus were 0-6.25 % and 42.19-100.00 %. Moreover, the diagnostic doses of the three pyrethroids for adult Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were 0.2510 g/L, 0.1562 g/L, and 0.9072 g/L. Except for the Zhoushan strain, which was suspected to be resistant to beta-cypermethrin, the other field strains were resistant to the three pyrethroids, and there was a significant positive correlation of cross-resistance among the three insecticides. The mutation frequencies of I1532T and F1534S of adult Ae. albopictus were 0-1.56 % and 62.50-100.00 %. In addition, the LC50 of the larvae and the mortality rate of adult Ae. albopictus after treatment with the three pyrethroids were significantly and positively correlated with the frequency of the F1534S mutation. F1534S mutation occurred earlier than I1532T mutation in both larvae and adult Ae. albopictus. F1534S mutation in the sodium channel gene may be a particular biomolecular detection marker for resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Ae. albopictus in Zhejiang Province.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Hengduan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Jinna Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Yuyan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Dan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China.
| | - Tongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bisia M, Balatsos G, Beleri S, Tegos N, Zavitsanou E, LaDeau SL, Sotiroudas V, Patsoula E, Michaelakis A. Mitigating the Threat of Invasive Mosquito Species Expansion: A Comprehensive Entomological Surveillance Study on Kastellorizo, a Remote Greek Island. INSECTS 2024; 15:724. [PMID: 39336692 PMCID: PMC11432031 DOI: 10.3390/insects15090724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of the tiger mosquito, a vector that can transmit diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus, poses a growing threat to global health. This study focuses on the entomological surveillance of Kastellorizo, a remote Greek island affected by its expansion. This research employs a multifaceted approach, combining KAP survey (knowledge, attitude, practices), mosquito collection using adult traps and human landing catches, and morphological and molecular identification methods. Results from questionnaires reveal community awareness and preparedness gaps, emphasizing the need for targeted education. Mosquito collections confirm the presence of the Aedes albopictus, Aedes cretinus, and Culex pipiens mosquitoes, highlighting the importance of surveillance. This study underscores the significance of community engagement in entomological efforts and proposes a citizen science initiative for sustained monitoring. Overall, this research provides essential insights for developing effective mosquito control programs in remote island settings, thereby emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach to mitigate the spread of vector-borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bisia
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece; (M.B.); (G.B.); (E.Z.)
| | - Georgios Balatsos
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece; (M.B.); (G.B.); (E.Z.)
| | - Stavroula Beleri
- Laboratory for the Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (N.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Tegos
- Laboratory for the Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (N.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Evangelia Zavitsanou
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece; (M.B.); (G.B.); (E.Z.)
| | | | - Vasilis Sotiroudas
- AgroSpeCom, 7th klm National Road Thessaloniki-Katerini, Kalochori, 570 09 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleni Patsoula
- Laboratory for the Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (N.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece; (M.B.); (G.B.); (E.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Uemura N, Itokawa K, Komagata O, Kasai S. Recent advances in the study of knockdown resistance mutations in Aedes mosquitoes with a focus on several remarkable mutations. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 63:101178. [PMID: 38346494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Aedes mosquito, which transmits the dengue fever virus and other viruses, has acquired resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in a naturally selective manner. Massive use of insecticides has led to the worldwide expansion of resistant populations. The major factor in pyrethroid resistance is knockdown resistance (kdr) caused by amino acid mutation(s) in the voltage-gated sodium channel, which is the target site of this insecticide group. Some kdr mutations can lead to a dramatic increase in resistance, and multiple mutations can increase the level of pyrethroid resistance by 10 to several-hundred. In this review, we summarize the kdr identified in Aedes mosquitoes with a focus on the recent advances in the study of kdr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Uemura
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Osamu Komagata
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Balatsos G, Karras V, Puggioli A, Balestrino F, Bellini R, Papachristos DP, Milonas PG, Papadopoulos NT, Malfacini M, Carrieri M, Kapranas A, Mamai W, Mastronikolos G, Lytra I, Bouyer J, Michaelakis A. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) field trial targeting the suppression of Aedes albopictus in Greece. Parasite 2024; 31:17. [PMID: 38530210 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) involves releasing large numbers of sterile males to outcompete wild males in mating with females, leading to a decline in pest populations. In the current study, we conducted a suppression trial in Greece against the invasive dengue vector mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) through the weekly release of sterile males for 22 weeks from June to September 2019. Our approach included the long-distance transport of sterile mosquitoes, and their release at a density of 2,547 ± 159 sterile males per hectare per week as part of an area-wide integrated pest management strategy (AW-IPM). The repeated releases of sterile males resulted in a gradual reduction in egg density, reaching 78% from mid-June to early September. This reduction remained between 70% and 78% for four weeks after the end of the releases. Additionally, in the SIT intervention area, the ovitrap index, representing the percentage of traps containing eggs, remained lower throughout the trial than in the control area. This trial represents a significant advance in the field of mosquito control, as it explores the viability and efficacy of producing and transporting sterile males from a distant facility to the release area. Our results provide valuable insights for future SIT programmes targeting Ae. Albopictus, and the methodology we employed can serve as a starting point for developing more refined and effective release protocols, including the transportation of sterile males over long distances from production units to intervention areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Balatsos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Vasileios Karras
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Arianna Puggioli
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Balestrino
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, A-2444 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Dimitrios P Papachristos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Milonas
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Nikos T Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Magnisias, Greece
| | - Marco Malfacini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Marco Carrieri
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Apostolos Kapranas
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology (Entomology), School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Wadaka Mamai
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, A-2444 Vienna, Austria
| | - George Mastronikolos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Magnisias, Greece
| | - Ioanna Lytra
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, A-2444 Vienna, Austria - ASTRE, CIRAD, 34398 Montpellier, France - ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paronyan L, Babayan L, Vardanyan H, Manucharyan A, Papapostolou KM, Balaska S, Vontas J, Mavridis K. Molecular monitoring of insecticide resistance in major disease vectors in Armenia. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:54. [PMID: 38321481 PMCID: PMC10848433 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Armenia is considered particularly vulnerable to life-threatening vector-borne diseases (VBDs) including malaria, West Nile virus disease and leishmaniasis. However, information relevant for the control of the vectors of these diseases, such as their insecticide resistance profile, is scarce. The present study was conducted to provide the first evidence on insecticide resistance mechanisms circulating in major mosquito and sand fly populations in Armenia. METHODS Sampling sites were targeted based mainly on previous historical records of VBD occurrences in humans and vertebrate hosts. Initially, molecular species identification on the collected vector samples was performed. Subsequently, molecular diagnostic assays [polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), quantitative PCR (qPCR)] were performed to profile for major insecticide resistance mechanisms, i.e. target site insensitivity in voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) associated with pyrethroid resistance, acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) target site mutations linked to organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CRB) resistance, chitin synthase (chs-1) target site mutations associated with diflubenzuron (DFB) resistance and gene amplification of carboxylesterases (CCEs) associated with resistance to the OP temephos. RESULTS Anopheles mosquitoes were principally represented by Anopheles sacharovi, a well-known malaria vector in Armenia, which showed no signs of resistance mechanisms. Contrarily, the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations V1016G and L1014F/C in the vgsc gene were detected in the arboviral mosquito vectors Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens, respectively. The kdr mutation L1014S was also detected in the sand fly, vectors of leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus papatasi and P. tobbi, whereas no mutations were found in the remaining collected sand fly species, P. sergenti, P. perfiliewi and P. caucasicus. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report on molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance circulating in major mosquito and sand fly disease vectors in Armenia and highlights the need for the establishment of systematic resistance monitoring practices for the implementation of evidence-based control applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Paronyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, MOH, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.
| | - Lilit Babayan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, MOH, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Haykuhi Vardanyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, MOH, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Arsen Manucharyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, MOH, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Balaska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Negri A, Pezzali G, Pitton S, Piazzoni M, Gabrieli P, Lazzaro F, Mastrantonio V, Porretta D, Lenardi C, Caccia S, Bandi C, Epis S. MosChito rafts as a promising biocontrol tool against larvae of the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295665. [PMID: 38096210 PMCID: PMC10721080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito control is of paramount importance, in particular, in light of the major environmental alterations associated with human activities, from climate change to the altered distribution of pathogens, including those transmitted by Arthropods. Here, we used the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens to test the efficacy of MosChito raft, a novel tool for mosquito larval control. MosChito raft is a floating hydrogel matrix, composed of chitosan, genipin and yeast cells, as bio-attractants, developed for the delivery of a Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (Bti)-based bioinsecticide to mosquito larvae. To this aim, larvae of Cx. pipiens were collected in field in Northern Italy and a novel colony of mosquito species (hereafter: Trescore strain) was established. MosChito rafts, containing the Bti-based formulation, were tested on Cx. pipiens larvae from the Trescore strain to determine the doses to be used in successive experiments. Thus, bioassays with MosChito rafts were carried out under semi-field conditions, both on larvae from the Trescore strain and on pools of larvae collected from the field, at different developmental stages. Our results showed that MosChito raft is effective against Cx. pipiens. In particular, the observed mortality was over 50% after two days exposure of the larvae to MosChito rafts, and over 70-80% at days three to four, in both laboratory and wild larvae. In conclusion, our results point to the MosChito raft as a promising tool for the eco-friendly control of a mosquito species that is not only a nuisance insect but is also an important vector of diseases affecting humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Negri
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Pezzali
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Pitton
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piazzoni
- Department of Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Caccia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan H, Shan W, Zhang Y, Yan H, Li Y, Zhou Q, Dong H, Tao F, Liu H, Leng P, Peng H, Ma Y. High frequency of Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene mutations in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) suggest rapid insecticide resistance evolution in Shanghai, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011399. [PMID: 37267343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is an infectious disease that is imported into Shanghai, China and requires prevention and control measures. Controlling the vector Aedes albopictus through insecticide use is a key approach to dengue control. However, the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus has raised concerns about the failure of dengue control efforts. Knockdown resistance (kdr) caused by point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene is a primary mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. In this study, we investigated the kdr mutations of Ae. albopictus in Shanghai and evaluated the trend in its evolution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We collected 17 populations of Ae. albopictus from 15 districts in Shanghai in 2020, extracted genomic DNA from individual mosquitoes, and amplified Domain II, III, and IV in VGSC using PCR. Following sequencing, we obtained 658 VGSC sequences. We detected the nonsynonymous mutations V1016G, I1532T, and F1534S/C/I, among which V1016G and F1534C/I were reported in Shanghai for the first time and F1534I was a novel mutant allele in Ae. albopictus. The overall mutation frequency was 84.65%, with individual mutation frequencies ranging from 46.81% to 100%, excluding the Fengxian District population, which had a frequency of 0%. The V1016G and I1532T mutation types accounted for 7.14% and 3.42%, respectively. The mutant allele at codon 1534 accounted for 63.98% of all mutations, including TCC/S (62.77%), TGC/C (1.06%), and ATC/I (0.15%). We identified and classified five intron types in Domain III by length, including A (83 bp, 12.07%), B (68 bp, 87.30%), C (80 bp, 0.16%), D (72 bp, 0.16%), and E (70 bp, 0.31%). Individuals with intron B had a significant mutation tendency at codon 1534 relative to intron A (chi-square test, p < 0.0001). We found no correlation between mutation frequency and the amount of pyrethroid used (Pearson correlation, p = 0.4755). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In recent years, kdr mutations in the Ae. albopictus population in Shanghai have rapidly evolved, as evidenced by an increase in mutation types and significantly increased mutation frequency. The F1534I/ATC mutant allele was found to be a novel mutation, F1534C/TGC was reported for the first time in Shanghai, and intron B in Domain III was significantly associated with mutation frequency at codon 1534. Continuous monitoring of resistance changes and strict regulation of insecticide use are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- The 1st Cadet Corp, College of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlu Yan
- The 1st Cadet Corp, College of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikai Li
- The 1st Cadet Corp, College of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuming Zhou
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowei Dong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Peien Leng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giatropoulos A, Bellini R, Pavlopoulos DT, Balatsos G, Karras V, Mourafetis F, Papachristos DP, Karamaouna F, Carrieri M, Veronesi R, Haroutounian SA, Michaelakis A. Efficacy Evaluation of Oregano Essential Oil Mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Diflubenzuron against Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus in Road Drains of Italy. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13110977. [PMID: 36354801 PMCID: PMC9698153 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito management programs in the urban environment of Italian cities mainly rely on larval control with conventional insecticides, primarily targeting the road drains that constitute the principal mosquito breeding sites encountered in public. The repeated utilization of synthetic insecticides may have adverse effects on non-targets and lead to resistance development issues, while the performance of biopesticides encounters limitations in field use. Botanical insecticides as single larval control agents or in binary mixtures with conventional insecticides have been extensively studied in the laboratory as an effective and eco-friendly alternative mosquito control method with promising results. The study herein concerns the investigation, for the first time under realistic conditions in the field, of the joint action of a carvacrol-rich oregano Essential Oil (EO) with two conventional insecticides, namely, the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron and the bio-insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.), in road drains in Crevalcore city, Italy, against Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus. According to the obtained results, the application of both plain EO and its mixtures with diflubenzuron and B.t.i. exerted very high efficacy in terms of immature mosquito population reduction over a two-week period. Three weeks after treatment, the performance of the oil and its mixtures diminished but remained high, while the addition of diflubenzuron potentiated the persistent action of the oil against Cx. pipiens. These findings are indicative of the potential of mixing carvacrol-rich EO with diflubenzuron and B.t.i. as an efficient eco-friendly alternative to mono-insecticide applications in road drains against Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Via Sant’Agata 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Dionysios T. Pavlopoulos
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George Balatsos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Karras
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotis Mourafetis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Filitsa Karamaouna
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Carrieri
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Via Sant’Agata 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Veronesi
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Via Sant’Agata 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Serkos A. Haroutounian
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.H.); (A.M.); Tel.: +30-21-0529-4247 (S.A.H.); +30-21-0818-0248 (A.M.)
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.H.); (A.M.); Tel.: +30-21-0529-4247 (S.A.H.); +30-21-0818-0248 (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|