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Unger K, Hess J, Link V, Buchner A, Eze C, Li M, Stief C, Kirchner T, Klauschen F, Zitzelsberger H, Niyazi M, Ganswindt U, Schmidt-Hegemann NS, Belka C. DNA-methylation and genomic copy number in primary tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases in prostate cancer from patients with low and high Gleason score. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 39:100586. [PMID: 36935856 PMCID: PMC10014335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In prostate cancer, the indication to irradiate the pelvic lymphatic pathways in clinical node-negative patients is solely based on clinical nomograms. To define biological risk patterns of lymphatic spread, we studied DNA-methylation and genomic copy number in primary tumors and corresponding lymph nodes metastases. Methods/Patients DNA-methylation and genomic copy number profiles of primary tumors (PT) and paired synchronous lymph node metastases (LN) from Gleason Score (GS)-6/7a (n = 20 LN-positive, n = 20 LN-negative) and GS-9/10 patients (LN-positive n = 20) after prostatectomy and lymphonodectomy were analyzed. Results GS-6/7a pN0 PTs and GS-6/7a pN1 PTs differed in histone H3K27me3/H3K9me3 mediated methylation. PTs compared to LNs, in both, GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients showed large differences in DNA-methylation mediated by histones H3K4me1/2, in addition to copy number changes of chromosomal regions 11q13.1, 14q11.2 and 15q26.1. Between GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients, methylation levels differed more when comparing LNs than PTs. 16q21-22.1 was specifically lost in GS-9/10 pN0 PTs. Immune system-related pathways characterized the differences between PTs and LNs in both GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients. Comparing PTs and LKs between GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients revealed altered transmembrane and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. Conclusions Our data suggest that progression of prostate cancer, including lymphatic spread, is associated with histone-mediated DNA-methylation and we hypothesize a methylation signature predicting lymphatic spread in GS-6/7a patients from primary tumors. Lymphatic spread in GS-6/7a patients, flanked by DNA-methylation and CNA alterations, appears to be more complex than in GS-9/10 patients, in whom the primary tumors already appear to bear lymph node metastasis-enabling alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter-Landstr. 1, 85622 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Link
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Chukwuka Eze
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Minglun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Germany
| | - Nina-Sophie Schmidt-Hegemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
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Tangri A, Lighty K, Loganathan J, Mesmar F, Podicheti R, Zhang C, Iwanicki M, Drapkin R, Nakshatri H, Mitra S. Deubiquitinase UCHL1 Maintains Protein Homeostasis through the PSMA7-APEH-Proteasome Axis in High-grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1168-1181. [PMID: 33753553 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by chromosomal instability, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and high metabolic demand that exacerbate misfolded, unfolded, and damaged protein burden resulting in increased proteotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms that maintain protein homeostasis to promote HGSOC growth remain poorly understood. This study reports that the neuronal deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), is overexpressed in HGSOC and maintains protein homeostasis. UCHL1 expression was markedly increased in HGSOC patient tumors and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (HGSOC precursor lesions). High UCHL1 levels correlated with higher tumor grade and poor patient survival. UCHL1 inhibition reduced HGSOC cell proliferation and invasion, as well as significantly decreased the in vivo metastatic growth of ovarian cancer xenografts. Transcriptional profiling of UCHL1-silenced HGSOC cells revealed downregulation of genes implicated with proteasome activity along with upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced genes. Reduced expression of proteasome subunit alpha 7 (PSMA7) and acylaminoacyl peptide hydrolase (APEH), upon silencing of UCHL1, resulted in a significant decrease in proteasome activity, impaired protein degradation, and abrogated HGSOC growth. Furthermore, the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in the UCHL1-silenced cells led to attenuation of mTORC1 activity and protein synthesis, and induction of terminal unfolded protein response. Collectively, these results indicate that UCHL1 promotes HGSOC growth by mediating protein homeostasis through the PSMA7-APEH-proteasome axis. IMPLICATIONS: This study identifies the novel links in the proteostasis network to target protein homeostasis in HGSOC and recognizes the potential of inhibiting UCHL1 and APEH to sensitize cancer cells to proteotoxic stress in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Tangri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kinzie Lighty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jagadish Loganathan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fahmi Mesmar
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ram Podicheti
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sumegha Mitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Aksenova AY, Mirkin SM. At the Beginning of the End and in the Middle of the Beginning: Structure and Maintenance of Telomeric DNA Repeats and Interstitial Telomeric Sequences. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020118. [PMID: 30764567 PMCID: PMC6410037 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tandem DNA repeats derived from the ancestral (TTAGGG)n run were first detected at chromosome ends of the majority of living organisms, hence the name telomeric DNA repeats. Subsequently, it has become clear that telomeric motifs are also present within chromosomes, and they were suitably called interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs). It is well known that telomeric DNA repeats play a key role in chromosome stability, preventing end-to-end fusions and precluding the recurrent DNA loss during replication. Recent data suggest that ITSs are also important genomic elements as they confer its karyotype plasticity. In fact, ITSs appeared to be among the most unstable microsatellite sequences as they are highly length polymorphic and can trigger chromosomal fragility and gross chromosomal rearrangements. Importantly, mechanisms responsible for their instability appear to be similar to the mechanisms that maintain the length of genuine telomeres. This review compares the mechanisms of maintenance and dynamic properties of telomeric repeats and ITSs and discusses the implications of these dynamics on genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sergei M Mirkin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02421, USA.
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Hussain S, Bedekovics T, Liu Q, Hu W, Jeon H, Johnson SH, Vasmatzis G, May DG, Roux KJ, Galardy PJ. UCH-L1 bypasses mTOR to promote protein biosynthesis and is required for MYC-driven lymphomagenesis in mice. Blood 2018; 132:2564-2574. [PMID: 30257881 PMCID: PMC6293873 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-05-848515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cellular proliferation and metabolism. Depending on its binding partners, mTOR is at the core of 2 complexes that either promote protein biosynthesis (mTOR complex 1; mTORC1) or provide survival and proliferation signals (mTORC2). Protein biosynthesis downstream of mTORC1 plays an important role in MYC-driven oncogenesis with translation inhibitors garnering increasing therapeutic attention. The germinal center B-cell oncogene UCHL1 encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates the balance between mTOR complexes by disrupting mTORC1 and promoting mTORC2 assembly. While supporting mTORC2-dependent growth and survival signals may contribute to its role in cancer, the suppression of mTORC1 activity is enigmatic, as its phosphorylation of its substrate 4EBP1 promotes protein biosynthesis. To address this, we used proximity-based proteomics to identify molecular complexes with which UCH-L1 associates in malignant B cells. We identified a novel association of UCH-L1 with the translation initiation complex eIF4F, the target of 4EBP1. UCH-L1 associates with and promotes the assembly of eIF4F and stimulates protein synthesis through a mechanism that requires its catalytic activity. Because of the importance of mTOR in MYC-driven oncogenesis, we used novel mutant Uchl1 transgenic mice and found that catalytic activity is required for its acceleration of lymphoma in the Eμ-myc model. Further, we demonstrate that mice lacking UCH-L1 are resistant to MYC-induced lymphomas. We conclude that UCH-L1 bypasses the need for mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis by directly promoting translation initiation, and that this mechanism may be essential for MYC in B-cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiuying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Wenqian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | | | - George Vasmatzis
- Center for Individualized Medicine-Biomarker Discovery, and
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Danielle G May
- Enabling Technology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and
| | - Paul J Galardy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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