1
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Yu CK, Stephenson CJ, Villamor TC, Dyba TG, Schulz BL, Fraser JA. SAGA Complex Subunit Hfi1 Is Important in the Stress Response and Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1198. [PMID: 38132798 PMCID: PMC10744473 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Spt-Ada-Gcn Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex is a highly conserved co-activator found across eukaryotes. It is composed of a number of modules which can vary between species, but all contain the core module. Hfi1 (known as TADA1 in Homo sapiens) is one of the proteins that forms the core module, and has been shown to play an important role in maintaining complex structural integrity in both brewer's yeast and humans. In this study we successfully identified the gene encoding this protein in the important fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, and named it HFI1. The hfi1Δ mutant is highly pleiotropic in vitro, influencing phenotypes, ranging from temperature sensitivity and melanin production to caffeine resistance and titan cell morphogenesis. In the absence of Hfi1, the transcription of several other SAGA genes is impacted, as is the acetylation and deubiquination of several histone residues. Importantly, loss of the gene significantly impacts virulence in a murine inhalation model of cryptococcosis. In summary, we have established that Hfi1 modulates multiple pathways that directly affect virulence and survival in C. neoformans, and provided deeper insight into the importance of the non-enzymatic components of the SAGA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James A. Fraser
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.K.Y.); (C.J.S.); (T.C.V.); (T.G.D.); (B.L.S.)
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2
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Lim S, Liu Y, Rhie BH, Kim C, Ryu HY, Ahn SH. Sus1 maintains a normal lifespan through regulation of TREX-2 complex-mediated mRNA export. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4990-5012. [PMID: 35771153 PMCID: PMC9271307 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression requires multiple cellular events, including transcription and RNA processing and transport. Sus1, a common subunit in both the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) and transcription and export complex-2 (TREX-2) complexes, is a key factor in coupling transcription activation to mRNA nuclear export. Here, we report that the SAGA DUB module and TREX-2 distinctly regulate yeast replicative lifespan in a Sir2-dependent and -independent manner, respectively. The growth and lifespan impaired by SUS1 loss depend on TREX-2 but not on the SAGA DUB module. Notably, an increased dose of the mRNA export factors Mex67 and Dbp5 rescues the growth defect, shortened lifespan, and nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA in sus1Δ cells, suggesting that boosting the mRNA export process restores the mRNA transport defect and the growth and lifespan damage in sus1Δ cells. Moreover, Sus1 is required for the proper association of Mex67 and Dbp5 with the nuclear rim. Together, these data indicate that Sus1 links transcription and mRNA nuclear export to the lifespan control pathway, suggesting that prevention of an abnormal accumulation of nuclear RNA is necessary for maintenance of a normal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Rhie
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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3
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Mechanisms of cellular mRNA transcript homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:655-668. [PMID: 35660047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For most genes, mRNA transcript abundance scales with cell size to ensure a constant concentration. Scaling of mRNA synthesis rates with cell size plays an important role, with regulation of the activity and abundance of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) now emerging as a key point of control. However, there is also considerable evidence for feedback mechanisms that kinetically couple the rates of mRNA synthesis, nuclear export, and degradation to allow cells to compensate for changes in one by adjusting the others. Researchers are beginning to integrate results from these different fields to reveal the mechanisms underlying transcript homeostasis. This will be crucial for moving beyond our current understanding of relative gene expression towards an appreciation of how absolute transcript levels are linked to other aspects of the cellular phenotype.
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4
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Nuclear mRNA Export and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105451. [PMID: 35628261 PMCID: PMC9142925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between transcription and aging is one that has been studied intensively and experimentally with diverse attempts. However, the impact of the nuclear mRNA export on the aging process following its transcription is still poorly understood, although the nuclear events after transcription are coupled closely with the transcription pathway because the essential factors required for mRNA transport, namely TREX, TREX-2, and nuclear pore complex (NPC), physically and functionally interact with various transcription factors, including the activator/repressor and pre-mRNA processing factors. Dysregulation of the mediating factors for mRNA export from the nucleus generally leads to the aberrant accumulation of nuclear mRNA and further impairment in the vegetative growth and normal lifespan and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The optimal stoichiometry and density of NPC are destroyed during the process of cellular aging, and their damage triggers a defect of function in the nuclear permeability barrier. This review describes recent findings regarding the role of the nuclear mRNA export in cellular aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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5
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Goswami R, Bello AI, Bean J, Costanzo KM, Omer B, Cornelio-Parra D, Odah R, Ahluwalia A, Allan SK, Nguyen N, Shores T, Aziz NA, Mohan RD. The Molecular Basis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:818757. [PMID: 35401096 PMCID: PMC8987156 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.818757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 7 (SCA7) is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the ataxin 7 (ATXN7) gene, which results in polyglutamine expansion at the amino terminus of the ATXN7 protein. Although ATXN7 is expressed widely, the best characterized symptoms of SCA7 are remarkably tissue specific, including blindness and degeneration of the brain and spinal cord. While it is well established that ATXN7 functions as a subunit of the Spt Ada Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) chromatin modifying complex, the mechanisms underlying SCA7 remain elusive. Here, we review the symptoms of SCA7 and examine functions of ATXN7 that may provide further insights into its pathogenesis. We also examine phenotypes associated with polyglutamine expanded ATXN7 that are not considered symptoms of SCA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Goswami
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Abudu I. Bello
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Joe Bean
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Kara M. Costanzo
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Bwaar Omer
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Dayanne Cornelio-Parra
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Revan Odah
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Amit Ahluwalia
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Shefaa K. Allan
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Taylor Shores
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - N. Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ryan D. Mohan
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan D. Mohan,
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6
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García-Martínez J, Medina DA, Bellvís P, Sun M, Cramer P, Chávez S, Pérez-Ortín JE. The total mRNA concentration buffering system in yeast is global rather than gene-specific. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1281-1290. [PMID: 34272303 PMCID: PMC8456998 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078774.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression in eukaryotes does not follow a linear process from transcription to translation and mRNA degradation. Instead it follows a circular process in which cytoplasmic mRNA decay crosstalks with nuclear transcription. In many instances, this crosstalk contributes to buffer mRNA at a roughly constant concentration. Whether the mRNA buffering concept operates on the total mRNA concentration or at the gene-specific level, and if the mechanism to do so is a global or a specific one, remain unknown. Here we assessed changes in mRNA concentrations and their synthesis rates along the transcriptome of aneuploid strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae We also assessed mRNA concentrations and their synthesis rates in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) targets in euploid strains. We found that the altered synthesis rates in the genes from the aneuploid chromosome and the changes in their mRNA stabilities were not counterbalanced. In addition, the stability of NMD targets was not specifically compensated by the changes in synthesis rate. We conclude that there is no genetic compensation of NMD mRNA targets in yeast, and total mRNA buffering uses mostly a global system rather than a gene-specific one.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Facultad de Biológicas, Universitat de València, E46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Facultad de Biológicas, Universitat de València, E46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pablo Bellvís
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Hospital Universitario V. del Rocío, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Mai Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastián Chávez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Hospital Universitario V. del Rocío, Seville 41012, Spain
- Dirección de Evaluación y Acreditación, Agencia Andaluza del Conocimiento, planta 3ª C.P. 14006 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José E Pérez-Ortín
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Facultad de Biológicas, Universitat de València, E46100 Burjassot, Spain
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7
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Abstract
The passage of mRNAs through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm is essential in all eukaryotes. For regulation, mRNA export is tightly connected to the full machinery of nuclear mRNA processing, starting at transcription. Export competence of pre-mRNAs gradually increases by both transient and permanent interactions with multiple RNA processing and export factors. mRNA export is best understood in opisthokonts, with limited knowledge in plants and protozoa. Here, I review and compare nuclear mRNA processing and export between opisthokonts and Trypanosoma brucei. The parasite has many unusual features in nuclear mRNA processing, such as polycistronic transcription and trans-splicing. It lacks several nuclear complexes and nuclear-pore-associated proteins that in opisthokonts play major roles in mRNA export. As a consequence, trypanosome mRNA export control is not tight and export can even start co-transcriptionally. Whether trypanosomes regulate mRNA export at all, or whether leakage of immature mRNA to the cytoplasm is kept to a low level by a fast kinetics of mRNA processing remains to be investigated. mRNA export had to be present in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes. Trypanosomes are evolutionary very distant from opisthokonts and a comparison helps understanding the evolution of mRNA export.
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8
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Begley V, Jordán-Pla A, Peñate X, Garrido-Godino AI, Challal D, Cuevas-Bermúdez A, Mitjavila A, Barucco M, Gutiérrez G, Singh A, Alepuz P, Navarro F, Libri D, Pérez-Ortín JE, Chávez S. Xrn1 influence on gene transcription results from the combination of general effects on elongating RNA pol II and gene-specific chromatin configuration. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1310-1323. [PMID: 33138675 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1845504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA homoeostasis is favoured by crosstalk between transcription and degradation machineries. Both the Ccr4-Not and the Xrn1-decaysome complexes have been described to influence transcription. While Ccr4-Not has been shown to directly stimulate transcription elongation, the information available on how Xrn1 influences transcription is scarce and contradictory. In this study we have addressed this issue by mapping RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) at high resolution, using CRAC and BioGRO-seq techniques in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found significant effects of Xrn1 perturbation on RNA pol II profiles across the genome. RNA pol II profiles at 5' exhibited significant alterations that were compatible with decreased elongation rates in the absence of Xrn1. Nucleosome mapping detected altered chromatin configuration in the gene bodies. We also detected accumulation of RNA pol II shortly upstream of polyadenylation sites by CRAC, although not by BioGRO-seq, suggesting higher frequency of backtracking before pre-mRNA cleavage. This phenomenon was particularly linked to genes with poorly positioned nucleosomes at this position. Accumulation of RNA pol II at 3' was also detected in other mRNA decay mutants. According to these and other pieces of evidence, Xrn1 seems to influence transcription elongation at least in two ways: by directly favouring elongation rates and by a more general mechanism that connects mRNA decay to late elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Begley
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Hospital Universitario V. Del Rocío, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Jordán-Pla
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València; Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xenia Peñate
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Hospital Universitario V. Del Rocío, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Garrido-Godino
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Drice Challal
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Abel Cuevas-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Adrià Mitjavila
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Hospital Universitario V. Del Rocío, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Mara Barucco
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València; Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Domenico Libri
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - José E Pérez-Ortín
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València; Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastián Chávez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Hospital Universitario V. Del Rocío, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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9
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Zhang B, You C, Zhang Y, Zeng L, Hu J, Zhao M, Chen X. Linking key steps of microRNA biogenesis by TREX-2 and the nuclear pore complex in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:957-969. [PMID: 32690891 PMCID: PMC7426256 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Unlike in metazoans, the stepwise biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants occurs within the nucleus. Whether or how the major steps in miRNA biogenesis are coordinated is largely unknown. Here we show that the plant TREX-2 complex promotes multiple steps in miRNA biogenesis, including transcription, processing and nuclear export. THP1 and SAC3A-the core subunits of TREX-2-interact and colocalize with RNA polymerase II to promote the transcription of MIR genes in the nucleoplasm. TREX-2 interacts with the microprocessor component SERRATE and promotes the formation of dicing bodies in the nucleoplasm. THP1 also interacts and colocalizes with the nucleoporin protein NUP1 at the nuclear envelope. NUP1 and THP1 promote the nuclear export of miRNAs and ARGONAUTE1. These results suggest that TREX-2 coordinates the transcription, processing and export steps in miRNA biogenesis to ensure efficient miRNA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailong Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Chenjiang You
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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10
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Nuño-Cabanes C, Rodríguez-Navarro S. The promiscuity of the SAGA complex subunits: Multifunctional or moonlighting proteins? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1864:194607. [PMID: 32712338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression, the decoding of DNA information into accessible instructions for protein synthesis, is a complex process in which multiple steps, including transcription, mRNA processing and mRNA export, are regulated by different factors. One of the first steps in this process involves chemical and structural changes in chromatin to allow transcription. For such changes to occur, histone tail and DNA epigenetic modifications foster the binding of transcription factors to promoter regions. The SAGA coactivator complex plays a crucial role in this process by mediating histone acetylation through Gcn5, and histone deubiquitination through Ubp8 enzymes. However, most SAGA subunits interact physically with other proteins beyond the SAGA complex. These interactions could represent SAGA-independent functions or a mechanism to widen SAGA multifunctionality. Among the different mechanisms to perform more than one function, protein moonlighting defines unrelated molecular activities for the same polypeptide sequence. Unlike pleiotropy, where a single gene can affect different phenotypes, moonlighting necessarily involves separate functions of a protein at the molecular level. In this review we describe in detail some of the alternative physical interactions of several SAGA subunits. In some cases, the alternative role constitutes a clear moonlighting function, whereas in most of them the lack of molecular evidence means that we can only define these interactions as promiscuous that require further work to verify if these are moonlighting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Nuño-Cabanes
- Gene Expression and RNA Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (CSIC), Jaume Roig, 11, E-46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Navarro
- Gene Expression and RNA Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (CSIC), Jaume Roig, 11, E-46010 Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Mustachio LM, Roszik J, Farria A, Dent SYR. Targeting the SAGA and ATAC Transcriptional Coactivator Complexes in MYC-Driven Cancers. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1905-1911. [PMID: 32094302 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting epigenetic regulators, such as histone-modifying enzymes, provides novel strategies for cancer therapy. The GCN5 lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) functions together with MYC both during normal development and in oncogenesis. As transcription factors, MYC family members are difficult to target with small-molecule inhibitors, but the acetyltransferase domain and the bromodomain in GCN5 might provide alternative targets for disruption of MYC-driven functions. GCN5 is part of two distinct multiprotein histone-modifying complexes, SAGA and ATAC. This review summarizes key findings on the roles of SAGA and ATAC in embryo development and in cancer to better understand the functional relationships of these complexes with MYC family members, as well as their future potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Departments of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aimee Farria
- Departments of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Departments of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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12
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Into the basket and beyond: the journey of mRNA through the nuclear pore complex. Biochem J 2020; 477:23-44. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genetic information encoded in nuclear mRNA destined to reach the cytoplasm requires the interaction of the mRNA molecule with the nuclear pore complex (NPC) for the process of mRNA export. Numerous proteins have important roles in the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus. The NPC embedded in the nuclear envelope is the port of exit for mRNA and is composed of ∼30 unique proteins, nucleoporins, forming the distinct structures of the nuclear basket, the pore channel and cytoplasmic filaments. Together, they serve as a rather stationary complex engaged in mRNA export, while a variety of soluble protein factors dynamically assemble on the mRNA and mediate the interactions of the mRNA with the NPC. mRNA export factors are recruited to and dissociate from the mRNA at the site of transcription on the gene, during the journey through the nucleoplasm and at the nuclear pore at the final stages of export. In this review, we present the current knowledge derived from biochemical, molecular, structural and imaging studies, to develop a high-resolution picture of the many events that culminate in the successful passage of the mRNA out of the nucleus.
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13
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Hartenian E, Glaunsinger BA. Feedback to the central dogma: cytoplasmic mRNA decay and transcription are interdependent processes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:385-398. [PMID: 31656086 PMCID: PMC6871655 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1679083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcription and RNA decay are key determinants of gene expression; these processes are typically considered as the uncoupled beginning and end of the messenger RNA (mRNA) lifecycle. Here we describe the growing number of studies demonstrating interplay between these spatially disparate processes in eukaryotes. Specifically, cells can maintain mRNA levels by buffering against changes in mRNA stability or transcription, and can also respond to virally induced accelerated decay by reducing RNA polymerase II gene expression. In addition to these global responses, there is also evidence that mRNAs containing a premature stop codon can cause transcriptional upregulation of homologous genes in a targeted fashion. In each of these systems, RNA binding proteins (RBPs), particularly those involved in mRNA degradation, are critical for cytoplasmic to nuclear communication. Although their specific mechanistic contributions are yet to be fully elucidated, differential trafficking of RBPs between subcellular compartments are likely to play a central role in regulating this gene expression feedback pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Hartenian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Britt A. Glaunsinger
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720
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14
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Oliete-Calvo P, Serrano-Quílez J, Nuño-Cabanes C, Pérez-Martínez ME, Soares LM, Dichtl B, Buratowski S, Pérez-Ortín JE, Rodríguez-Navarro S. A role for Mog1 in H2Bub1 and H3K4me3 regulation affecting RNAPII transcription and mRNA export. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845992. [PMID: 30249596 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoubiquitination of histone H2B (to H2Bub1) is required for downstream events including histone H3 methylation, transcription, and mRNA export. The mechanisms and players regulating these events have not yet been completely delineated. Here, we show that the conserved Ran-binding protein Mog1 is required to sustain normal levels of H2Bub1 and H3K4me3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mog1 is needed for gene body recruitment of Rad6, Bre1, and Rtf1 that are involved in H2B ubiquitination and genetically interacts with these factors. We provide evidence that the absence of MOG1 impacts on cellular processes such as transcription, DNA replication, and mRNA export, which are linked to H2Bub1. Importantly, the mRNA export defect in mog1Δ strains is exacerbated by the absence of factors that decrease H2Bub1 levels. Consistent with a role in sustaining H2Bub and H3K4me3 levels, Mog1 co-precipitates with components that participate in these modifications such as Bre1, Rtf1, and the COMPASS-associated factors Shg1 and Sdc1. These results reveal a novel role for Mog1 in H2B ubiquitination, transcription, and mRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Oliete-Calvo
- Gene expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano-Quílez
- Gene expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Gene expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carme Nuño-Cabanes
- Gene expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Gene expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - María E Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and E.R.I. Biotecmed, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Luis M Soares
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernhard Dichtl
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Stephen Buratowski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José E Pérez-Ortín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and E.R.I. Biotecmed, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Navarro
- Gene expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain .,Gene expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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