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Vescio M, Pattini L. Linking coronary artery disease to neurodegenerative diseases through systems genetics. Front Genet 2024; 15:1344081. [PMID: 39119577 PMCID: PMC11306136 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1344081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is still a leading cause of death worldwide despite the extensive research and the considerable progresses made through the years. As other cardiovascular diseases, CAD is the result of the complex interaction between genetic variants and environmental factors. Currently identified genetic loci associated to CAD revealed the contribution of multiple molecular pathways to its pathogenesis, suggesting the need for a systemic approach to understand the role of genetic determinants. In this study we wanted to investigate how GWAS variants associated to CAD interact with each other and with nearby genes in the context of the coronary artery molecular interactome. GWAS variants associated to CAD were selected from GWAS Catalog, then, a tissue-specific interactome was constructed integrating protein-protein interactions (PPI) from multiple public repositories and computationally inferred co-expression relationships. To focus on the part of the network most relevant for CAD, we selected the interactions connecting the genes carrying a variant associated to the disease. A functional enrichment analysis conducted on the subnetwork revealed that genes carrying genetic variants associated to CAD closely interact with genes related to relevant biological processes, such as extracellular matrix organization, lipoprotein clearance, arterial morphology and inflammatory response. These results confirm that the identified subnetwork reflects the molecular pathways altered in CAD and intercepted by the selected variants. Interestingly, the most connected nodes of the network included amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) and huntingtin (HTT), both implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years the interest in investigating the common processes between cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders is increasing, with growing evidence of a link between CAD and Alzheimer's disease. The results obtained in this work support the association between such apparently unrelated diseases and highlight the necessity of a systems biology approach to better elucidate shared pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vescio
- Cardio-Tech Lab, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Pattini
- Cardio-Tech Lab, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Alves R, Pires A, Jorge J, Balça-Silva J, Gonçalves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB. Batimastat Induces Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Effects in In Vitro Models of Hematological Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4554. [PMID: 38674139 PMCID: PMC11050270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in hematological malignancies, like acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS), and multiple myeloma (MM), is well-documented, and these pathologies remain with poor outcomes despite treatment advancements. In this study, we investigated the effects of batimastat (BB-94), an MMP inhibitor (MMPi), in single-administration and daily administration schemes in AML, MDS, and MM cell lines. We used four hematologic neoplasia cell lines: the HL-60 and NB-4 cells as AML models, the F36-P cells as an MDS model, and the H929 cells as a model of MM. We also tested batimastat toxicity in a normal human lymphocyte cell line (IMC cells). BB-94 decreases cell viability and density in a dose-, time-, administration-scheme-, and cell-line-dependent manner, with the AML cells displaying higher responses. The efficacy in inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrests is dependent on the cell line (higher effects in AML cells), especially with lower daily doses, which may mitigate treatment toxicity. Furthermore, BB-94 activated apoptosis via caspases and ERK1/2 pathways. These findings highlight batimastat's therapeutic potential in hematological malignancies, with daily dosing emerging as a strategy to minimize adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Alves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.P.); (J.J.); (J.B.-S.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Pires
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.P.); (J.J.); (J.B.-S.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- HistologiX, BioCity, Innovation, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Joana Jorge
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.P.); (J.J.); (J.B.-S.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Balça-Silva
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.P.); (J.J.); (J.B.-S.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- NOVA Medical School, New University of Lisbon, 1150-090 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.P.); (J.J.); (J.B.-S.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.P.); (J.J.); (J.B.-S.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
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Velasco‐Hernandez T, Trincado JL, Vinyoles M, Closa A, Martínez‐Moreno A, Gutiérrez‐Agüera F, Molina O, Rodríguez‐Cortez VC, Ximeno‐Parpal P, Fernández‐Fuentes N, Petazzi P, Beneyto‐Calabuig S, Velten L, Romecin P, Casquero R, Abollo‐Jiménez F, de la Guardia RD, Lorden P, Bataller A, Lapillonne H, Stam RW, Vives S, Torrebadell M, Fuster JL, Bueno C, Sarry J, Eyras E, Heyn H, Menéndez P. Integrative single-cell expression and functional studies unravels a sensitization to cytarabine-based chemotherapy through HIF pathway inhibition in AML leukemia stem cells. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e45. [PMID: 38435427 PMCID: PMC10895904 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Relapse remains a major challenge in the clinical management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is driven by rare therapy-resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that reside in specific bone marrow niches. Hypoxia signaling maintains cells in a quiescent and metabolically relaxed state, desensitizing them to chemotherapy. This suggests the hypothesis that hypoxia contributes to the chemoresistance of AML-LSCs and may represent a therapeutic target to sensitize AML-LSCs to chemotherapy. Here, we identify HIFhigh and HIFlow specific AML subgroups (inv(16)/t(8;21) and MLLr, respectively) and provide a comprehensive single-cell expression atlas of 119,000 AML cells and AML-LSCs in paired diagnostic-relapse samples from these molecular subgroups. The HIF/hypoxia pathway signature is attenuated in AML-LSCs compared with more differentiated AML cells but is more expressed than in healthy hematopoietic cells. Importantly, chemical inhibition of HIF cooperates with standard-of-care chemotherapy to impair AML growth and to substantially eliminate AML-LSCs in vitro and in vivo. These findings support the HIF pathway in the stem cell-driven drug resistance of AML and unravel avenues for combinatorial targeted and chemotherapy-based approaches to specifically eliminate AML-LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Velasco‐Hernandez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
| | - Juan L. Trincado
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
| | - Meritxell Vinyoles
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
| | - Adria Closa
- The John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- EMBL Australia Partner Laboratory Network at the Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | | | - Oscar Molina
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
| | - Virginia C. Rodríguez‐Cortez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Paolo Petazzi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
| | - Sergi Beneyto‐Calabuig
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Lars Velten
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Paola Romecin
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Rafael D. de la Guardia
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological ResearchPfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de AndalucíaGranadaSpain
| | - Patricia Lorden
- CNAG‐CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Alex Bataller
- Department of HematologyHospital Clínic de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Hélène Lapillonne
- Centre de Recherce Saint‐AntoineArmand‐Trousseau Childrens HospitalParisFrance
| | - Ronald W. Stam
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Susana Vives
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Hematology DepartmentICO‐Hospital Germans Trias i PujolBarcelonaSpain
| | - Montserrat Torrebadell
- Hematology LaboratoryHospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
- Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies. Developmental Tumors Biology Group. Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Jose L. Fuster
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
- Sección de Oncohematología PediátricaHospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
- CIBER‐ONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jean‐Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseUniversité de ToulouseInserm U1037, CNRS U5077ToulouseFrance
- LabEx ToucanToulouseFrance
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerToulouseFrance
| | - Eduardo Eyras
- The John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- EMBL Australia Partner Laboratory Network at the Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Holger Heyn
- CNAG‐CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)MadridSpain
- CIBER‐ONCBarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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4
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Nojszewska N, Idilli O, Sarkar D, Ahouiyek Z, Arroyo-Berdugo Y, Sandoval C, Amin-Anjum MS, Bowers S, Greaves D, Saeed L, Khan M, Salti S, Al-Shami S, Topoglu H, Punzalan JK, Farias JG, Calle Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal/fibroblastic stromal cells induce a distinctive EMT-like phenotype in AML cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151334. [PMID: 37354622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) like features is emerging as a critical factor involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, the extracellular signals and the signalling pathways in AML that may regulate EMT remain largely unstudied. We found that the bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal/fibroblastic cell line HS5 induces an EMT-like migratory phenotype in AML cells. AML cells underwent a strong increase of vimentin (VIM) levels that was not mirrored to the same extent by changes of expression of the other EMT core proteins SNAI1 and SNAI2. We validated these particular pattern of co-expression of core-EMT markers in AML cells by performing an in silico analysis using datasets of human tumours. Our data showed that in AML the expression levels of VIM does not completely correlate with the co-expression of core EMT markers observed in epithelial tumours. We also found that vs epithelial tumours, AML cells display a distinct patterns of co-expression of VIM and the actin binding and adhesion regulatory proteins that regulate F-actin dynamics and integrin-mediated adhesions involved in the invasive migration in cells undergoing EMT. We conclude that the BM stroma induces an EMT related pattern of migration in AML cells in a process involving a distinctive regulation of EMT markers and of regulators of cell adhesion and actin dynamics that should be further investigated. Understanding the tumour specific signalling pathways associated with the EMT process may contribute to the development of new tailored therapies for AML as well as in different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nojszewska
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - O Idilli
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - D Sarkar
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Z Ahouiyek
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Y Arroyo-Berdugo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - C Sandoval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M S Amin-Anjum
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - S Bowers
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - D Greaves
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - L Saeed
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - M Khan
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - S Salti
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - S Al-Shami
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - H Topoglu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - J K Punzalan
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - J G Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Y Calle
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK.
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5
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Magliulo D, Bernardi R. Hypoxic stress and hypoxia-inducible factors in leukemias. Front Oncol 2022; 12:973978. [PMID: 36059690 PMCID: PMC9435438 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.973978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with hypoxic stress, ancient organisms have developed evolutionally conserved programs centered on hypoxia-inducible transcriptional factors (HIFs). HIFs and their regulatory proteins have evolved as rheostats to adapt cellular metabolism to atmospheric oxygen fluctuations, but the amplitude of their transcriptional programs has tremendously increased along evolution to include a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The bone marrow represents a notable example of an organ that is physiologically exposed to low oxygen levels and where basal activation of hypoxia signaling appears to be intrinsically wired within normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells. HIF-mediated responses are mainly piloted by the oxygen-labile α subunits HIF1α and HIF2α, and current literature suggests that these genes have a functional specification that remains to be fully defined. Since their identification in the mid 90s, HIF factors have been extensively studied in solid tumors, while their implication in leukemia has lagged behind. In the last decades however, many laboratories have addressed the function of hypoxia signaling in leukemia and obtained somewhat contradictory results. Suppression of HIFs expression in different types of leukemia has unveiled common leukemia-promoting functions such as stimulation of bone marrow neoangiogenesis, maintenance of leukemia stem cells and chemoresistance. However, genetic studies are revealing that a definition of HIF factors as bona fide tumor promoters is overly simplistic, and, depending on the leukemia subtype, the specific oncogenic event, or the stage of leukemia development, activation of hypoxia-inducible genes may lead to opposite consequences. With this article we will provide an updated summary of the studies describing the regulation and function of HIF1α and HIF2α in blood malignancies, spanning from acute to chronic, lymphoid to myeloid leukemias. In discussing these data, we will attempt to provide plausible explanations to contradictory findings and point at what we believe are areas of weakness in which further investigations are urgently needed. Gaining additional knowledge into the role of hypoxia signaling in leukemia appears especially timely nowadays, as new inhibitors of HIF factors are entering the clinical arena for specific types of solid tumors but their utility for patients with leukemia is yet to be determined.
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Śniegocka M, Liccardo F, Fazi F, Masciarelli S. Understanding ER homeostasis and the UPR to enhance treatment efficacy of acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100853. [PMID: 35870226 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Protein biogenesis, maturation and degradation are tightly regulated processes that are governed by a complex network of signaling pathways. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for biosynthesis and maturation of secretory proteins. Circumstances that alter cellular protein homeostasis, determine accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER, a condition defined as ER stress. In case of stress, the ER activates an adaptive response called unfolded protein response (UPR), a series of pathways of major relevance for cancer biology. The UPR plays a preeminent role in adaptation of tumor cells to the harsh conditions that they experience, due to high rates of proliferation, metabolic abnormalities and hostile environment scarce in oxygen and nutrients. Furthermore, the UPR is among the main adaptive cell stress responses contributing to the development of resistance to drugs and chemotherapy. Clinical management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) has improved significantly in the last decade, thanks to development of molecular targeted therapies. However, the emergence of treatment-resistant clones renders the rate of AML cure dismal. Moreover, different cell populations that constitute the bone marrow niche recently emerged as a main determinant leading to drug resistance. Herein we summarize the most relevant literature regarding the role played by the UPR in expansion of AML and ability to develop drug resistance and we discuss different possible modalities to overturn this adaptive response against leukemia. To this aim, we also describe the interconnection of the UPR with other cellular stress responses regulating protein homeostasis. Finally, we review the newest findings about the crosstalk between AML cells and cells of the bone marrow niche, under physiological conditions and in response to therapies, discussing in particular the importance of the niche in supporting survival of AML cells by favoring protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Śniegocka
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Liccardo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Masciarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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From Proteomic Mapping to Invasion-Metastasis-Cascade Systemic Biomarkering and Targeted Drugging of Mutant BRAF-Dependent Human Cutaneous Melanomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092024. [PMID: 33922182 PMCID: PMC8122743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the recent advances in human malignancy therapy, metastasis and chemoresistance remain the principal causes of cancer-derived deaths. Given the fatal forms of cutaneous metastatic melanoma, we herein employed primary (WM115) and metastatic (WM266-4) melanoma cells, both obtained from the same patient, to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Through state-of-the-art technologies including deep proteome landscaping, immunofluorescence phenotyping, and drug toxicity screening, we were able to describe new molecular programs, oncogenic drivers, and drug regimens, controlling the invasion-metastasis cascade during BRAFV600D-dependent melanomagenesis. It proved that proteomic navigation could foster the development of systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging for successful treatment of advanced disease. Abstract Melanoma is classified among the most notoriously aggressive human cancers. Despite the recent progress, due to its propensity for metastasis and resistance to therapy, novel biomarkers and oncogenic molecular drivers need to be promptly identified for metastatic melanoma. Hence, by employing nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry deep proteomics technology, advanced bioinformatics algorithms, immunofluorescence, western blotting, wound healing protocols, molecular modeling programs, and MTT assays, we comparatively examined the respective proteomic contents of WM115 primary (n = 3955 proteins) and WM266-4 metastatic (n = 6681 proteins) melanoma cells. It proved that WM115 and WM266-4 cells have engaged hybrid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition states, with TGF-β controlling their motility in vitro. They are characterized by different signatures of SOX-dependent neural crest-like stemness and distinct architectures of the cytoskeleton network. Multiple signaling pathways have already been activated from the primary melanoma stage, whereas HIF1α, the major hypoxia-inducible factor, can be exclusively observed in metastatic melanoma cells. Invasion-metastasis cascade-specific sub-routines of activated Caspase-3-triggered apoptosis and LC3B-II-dependent constitutive autophagy were also unveiled. Importantly, WM115 and WM266-4 cells exhibited diverse drug response profiles, with epirubicin holding considerable promise as a beneficial drug for metastatic melanoma clinical management. It is the proteome navigation that enables systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging to open new therapeutic windows for advanced disease.
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Duan MY, Li M, Tian H, Tang G, Yang YC, Peng NC. Down-regulation of lncRNA NEAT1 regulated by miR-194-5p/DNMT3A facilitates acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 82:102417. [PMID: 32179410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE miR-194-5p and NEAT1 have been reported to be associated with multiple malignancies, but their roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains not fully understood. METHODS Bone marrow samples were collected for monocyte separation. qRT-PCR assay was performed to investigate the expression patterns of NEAT1 and miR-194-5p in AML. CCK-8, soft agar colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays were employed to explore the biological functions of NEAT1 or miR-194-5p. Methylation PCR was performed to monitor the methylation of NEAT1. Luciferase reporter assay was subjected to verify the relationship between miR-194-5p and DNMT3A. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to detect the alterations of protein expression. RESULTS NEAT1 and miR-194-5p were both down-regulated in AML. Overexpression of either NEAT1 or miR-194-5p repressed proliferation, induced apoptosis and restrained migration and invasion of AML cells. There was a negative correlation between NEAT1 and DNMT3A in AML. Knockdown of DNMT3A dramatically decreased the methylation of NEAT1. Moreover, DNMT3A was identified as a downstream target of miR-194-5p. Furthermore, down-regulation of DNMT3A rescued the impacts on the malignant phenotypes of NEAT1 inhibition by miR-194-5p inhibitor. CONCLUSION Altogether, down-regulation of NEAT1 mediated by miR-194-5p/DNMT3A axis promotes AML progression, which might provide therapeutic targets in AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Hui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Gen Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 528038, PR China
| | - Yu-Cong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Nian-Cai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
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9
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Lin J, Zhang W, Niu LT, Zhu YM, Weng XQ, Sheng Y, Zhu J, Xu J. TRIB3 Stabilizes High TWIST1 Expression to Promote Rapid APL Progression and ATRA Resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6228-6242. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Zhou P, Chen X, Li M, Sun X, Tan J, Wang X, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Cheng T, Zhou J, Wang G, Yuan W. Overexpression of PRDM5 promotes acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation and migration by activating the JNK pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3905-3917. [PMID: 31119897 PMCID: PMC6639193 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDM family proteins are dysregulated in many human diseases, especially hematological malignancies and solid cancers, and share a unique N‐terminal PR domain followed by zinc fingers toward the C terminus. With a high frequency of DNA promoter hypermethylation, PRDM5 is primarily considered as a tumor suppressor in solid tumors. However, little is known about the function of PRDM5 in blood malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we showed that high PRDM5 expression levels were independently correlated with poor overall survival in AML patients. PRDM5 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis in an in vivo xenograft model. Furthermore, we found that PRDM5 overexpression promoted cell cycle progression with the decreased level of cell cycle inhibitors such as p16 and p21, and regulated the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition markers ZO‐1 and Vimentin to promote migration. Moreover, we observed that PRDM5 upregulated the Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and downregulated c‐Myc expression. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK by SP600125 partially abrogated PRDM5‐induced cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PRDM5 functions as an oncogenic driver in AML via JNK pathway, suggesting that PRDM5 is a potential therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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11
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Jabari M, Allahbakhshian Farsani M, Salari S, Hamidpour M, Amiri V, Mohammadi MH. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor1-Α (HIF1α) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) Expression in De Novo AML Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:705-710. [PMID: 30909668 PMCID: PMC6825791 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow hypoxia can promote leukemia progression in human cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, low oxygen tension is able to regulate the expression of different genes involved in malignancy. In this study, we hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) genes were assessed as principal regulators of hypoxia in do novo AML patients. Methods: Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were collected from 57 AML patients and 17 normal control subjects with informed consent. Expression of HIF1α and VEGF-A was then evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (Q-Real time PCR) and data were analyzed with SPSS 16. Result: HIF1α and VEGF-A showed overexpression in AML patients compared to normal controls (P <0.0001 and P<0.005, respectively). The expression level of HIF1α was significantly higher in AML-M3 cases versus AML-non M3 cases. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between HIF1α and VEGF-A (P <0.0001 and r = 0.497). Conclusion: Adding to the many studies on the role of hypoxia in solid tumors, our data indicate that HIF1a and VEGF-A overexpression also occurs in AML patients. We consider that this is possibly involved in leukemic cell growth and therefore could be a promising target for clinical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jabari
- HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani
- HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hamidpour
- HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Amiri
- HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Migliavacca J, Percio S, Valsecchi R, Ferrero E, Spinelli A, Ponzoni M, Tresoldi C, Pattini L, Bernardi R, Coltella N. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α regulates a pro-invasive phenotype in acute monocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53540-53557. [PMID: 27447550 PMCID: PMC5288204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are the main regulators of adaptive responses to hypoxia and are often activated in solid tumors, but their role in leukemia is less clear. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in particular, controversial new findings indicate that HIF-1α can act either as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene, and this may depend on the stage of leukemia development and/or the AML sub-type. In this study, we find that HIF-1α promotes leukemia progression in the acute monocytic leukemia sub-type of AML through activation of an invasive phenotype. By applying a list of validated HIF-1α-target genes to different AML sub-types, we identified a HIF-1α signature that typifies acute monocytic leukemia when compared with all other AML sub-types. We validated expression of this signature in cell lines and primary cells from AML patients. Interestingly, this signature is enriched for genes that control cell motility at different levels. As a consequence, inhibiting HIF-1α impaired leukemia cell migration, chemotaxis, invasion and transendothelial migration in vitro, and this resulted in impaired bone marrow homing and leukemia progression in vivo. Our data suggest that in acute monocytic leukemia an active HIF-1α-dependent pro-invasive pathway mediates the ability of leukemic cells to migrate and invade extramedullary sites and may be targeted to reduce leukemia dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Migliavacca
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Percio
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Valsecchi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferrero
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Spinelli
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.,Pathology Unit, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Pattini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Coltella
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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13
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Kahlert UD, Joseph JV, Kruyt FAE. EMT- and MET-related processes in nonepithelial tumors: importance for disease progression, prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:860-877. [PMID: 28556516 PMCID: PMC5496495 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to mesenchymal (EMT) process is increasingly recognized for playing a key role in the progression, dissemination, and therapy resistance of epithelial tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that EMT inducers also lead to a gain in mesenchymal properties and promote malignancy of nonepithelial tumors. In this review, we present and discuss current findings, illustrating the importance of EMT inducers in tumors originating from nonepithelial/mesenchymal tissues, including brain tumors, hematopoietic malignancies, and sarcomas. Among these tumors, the involvement of mesenchymal transition has been most extensively investigated in glioblastoma, providing proof for cell autonomous and microenvironment-derived stimuli that provoke EMT-like processes that regulate stem cell, invasive, and immunogenic properties as well as therapy resistance. The involvement of prominent EMT transcription factor families, such as TWIST, SNAI, and ZEB, in promoting therapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness has also been reported in lymphomas, leukemias, and sarcomas. A reverse process, resembling mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), seems particularly relevant for sarcomas, where (partial) epithelial differentiation is linked to less aggressive tumors and a better patient prognosis. Overall, a hybrid model in which more stable epithelial and mesenchymal intermediates exist likely extends to the biology of tumors originating from sources other than the epithelium. Deeper investigation and understanding of the EMT/MET machinery in nonepithelial tumors will shed light on the pathogenesis of these tumors, potentially paving the way toward the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers for prognosis and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf D Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Xu J, Zhang W, Yan XJ, Lin XQ, Li W, Mi JQ, Li JM, Zhu J, Chen Z, Chen SJ. DNMT3A mutation leads to leukemic extramedullary infiltration mediated by TWIST1. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:106. [PMID: 27724883 PMCID: PMC5057205 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNMT3A mutations are frequently discovered in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), associated with poor outcome. Recently, a relapse case report of AML extramedullary disease has showed that AML cells harboring DNMT3A variation were detected in the cerebral spinal fluid. However, whether a causal relationship exists between DNMT3A mutation (D3Amut) and extramedullary infiltration (EMI) is unclear. METHODS We took advantage of DNMT3A (R882C) mutation-carrying AML cell strain, that is, OCI-AML3, assessing its migration ability in vitro and in vivo. By RNA interfering technology and a xenograft mouse model, we evaluated the effect of DNMT3A mutation on cell mobility and explored the possible mechanism. RESULTS OCI-AML3 displayed extraordinary migration ability in vitro and infiltrated into meninges of NOD/SCID mice after intravenous transfusion. We found that this leukemic migration or infiltration capacity was significantly compromised by the knockdown of DNMT3A mutant. Notably, TWIST1, a critical inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which underlies the metastasis of carcinomas, was highly expressed in association with R882 mutations. Abrogation of TWIST1 in DNMT3A mutated cells considerably weakened their mobility or infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that D3Amut in OCI-AML3 strain enhances leukemic aggressiveness by promoting EMI process, which is partially through upregulating TWIST1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yan
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Qiu Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tong-Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian-Qing Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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15
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Ullmark T, Järvstråt L, Sandén C, Montano G, Jernmark-Nilsson H, Lilljebjörn H, Lennartsson A, Fioretos T, Drott K, Vidovic K, Nilsson B, Gullberg U. Distinct global binding patterns of the Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) -KTS and +KTS isoforms in leukemic cells. Haematologica 2016; 102:336-345. [PMID: 27612989 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.149815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger transcription factor Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) acts as an oncogene in acute myeloid leukemia. A naturally occurring alternative splice event between zinc fingers three and four, removing or retaining three amino acids (±KTS), is believed to change the DNA binding affinity of WT1, although there are conflicting data regarding the binding affinity and motifs of the different isoforms. Increased expression of the WT1 -KTS isoform at the expense of the WT1 +KTS isoform is associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. We determined the genome-wide binding pattern of WT1 -KTS and WT1 +KTS in leukemic K562 cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing. We discovered that the WT1 -KTS isoform predominantly binds close to transcription start sites and to enhancers, in a similar fashion to other transcription factors, whereas WT1 +KTS binding is enriched within gene bodies. We observed a significant overlap between WT1 -KTS and WT1 +KTS target genes, despite the binding sites being distinct. Motif discovery revealed distinct binding motifs for the isoforms, some of which have been previously reported as WT1 binding sites. Additional analyses showed that both WT1 -KTS and WT1 +KTS target genes are more likely to be transcribed than non-targets, and are involved in cell proliferation, cell death, and development. Our study provides evidence that WT1 -KTS and WT1 +KTS share target genes yet still bind distinct locations, indicating isoform-specific regulation in transcription of genes related to cell proliferation and differentiation, consistent with the involvement of WT1 in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Ullmark
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Linnea Järvstråt
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Carl Sandén
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Giorgia Montano
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernmark-Nilsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Henrik Lilljebjörn
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kristina Drott
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Karina Vidovic
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Urban Gullberg
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Huddinge, Sweden
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16
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Pleyer L, Valent P, Greil R. Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Normal and Dysplastic Hematopoiesis-Masters of Survival and Clonality? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071009. [PMID: 27355944 PMCID: PMC4964385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders that have the capacity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Accumulating evidence suggests that the altered bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in general, and in particular the components of the stem cell niche, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their progeny, play a pivotal role in the evolution and propagation of MDS. We here present an overview of the role of MSCs in the pathogenesis of MDS, with emphasis on cellular interactions in the BM microenvironment and related stem cell niche concepts. MSCs have potent immunomodulatory capacities and communicate with diverse immune cells, but also interact with various other cellular components of the microenvironment as well as with normal and leukemic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, compared to normal MSCs, MSCs in MDS and AML often exhibit altered gene expression profiles, an aberrant phenotype, and abnormal functional properties. These alterations supposedly contribute to the “reprogramming” of the stem cell niche into a disease-permissive microenvironment where an altered immune system, abnormal stem cell niche interactions, and an impaired growth control lead to disease progression. The current article also reviews molecular targets that play a role in such cellular interactions and possibilities to interfere with abnormal stem cell niche interactions by using specific targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pleyer
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials at Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- 3rd Medical Department, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Richard Greil
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials at Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- 3rd Medical Department, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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17
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Cui Y, Li YY, Li J, Zhang HY, Wang F, Bai X, Li SS. STAT3 regulates hypoxia-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in oesophageal squamous cell cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:108-16. [PMID: 27220595 PMCID: PMC4899013 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays a key role in tumour initiation and metastasis; one of the mechanisms is to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in EMT by regulating the transcriptional regulators of E-cadherin, the biomarker of EMT. Until now, however, few studies have focused on the effects of STAT3 in hypoxia-induced EMT in tumour cells. The goal of this study was to investigate the roles of STAT3 in hypoxia-induced EMT in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The ESCC cells, TE-1 and EC-1, were incubated in normoxia, or in CoCl2, which was used to mimic hypoxia. With CoCl2, the ESCC cells showed increased migration and invasion abilities, accompanied with upregulation of HIF-1α, STAT3, and vimentin, and downregulation of E-cadherin. Knockdown of STAT3 inhibited EMT of ESCC cells and downregulated HIF-1α in vitro and in vivo. In ChIP assays, STAT3 bound to the promoter of HIF-1α, suggesting that STAT3 regulates transcription of HIF-1α. In conclusion, hypoxia induces EMT of ESCC, and STAT3 regulates this process by promoting HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Yun Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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18
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Coltella N, Valsecchi R, Ponente M, Ponzoni M, Bernardi R. Synergistic Leukemia Eradication by Combined Treatment with Retinoic Acid and HIF Inhibition by EZN-2208 (PEG-SN38) in Preclinical Models of PML-RARα and PLZF-RARα-Driven Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3685-94. [PMID: 25931453 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoic acid-arsenic trioxide (ATRA-ATO) combination therapy is the current standard of care for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) carrying the oncogenic fusion protein PML-RARα. Despite the high cure rates obtained with this drug combination, resistance to arsenic is recently emerging. Moreover, patients with APL carrying the PLZF-RARα fusion protein are partially resistant to ATRA treatment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation has been recently reported in APL, and EZN-2208 (PEG-SN38) is a compound with HIF-1α inhibitory function currently tested in clinical trials. This study investigates the effect of EZN-2208 in different preclinical APL models, either alone or in combination with ATRA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Efficacy of EZN-2208 in APL was measured in vitro by assessing expression of HIF-1α target genes, cell migration, clonogenicity, and differentiation, vis a vis the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of this compound. In vivo, EZN-2208 was used in mouse models of APL driven by PML-RARα or PLZF-RARα, either alone or in combination with ATRA. RESULTS Treatment of APL cell lines with noncytotoxic doses of EZN-2208 causes dose-dependent downregulation of HIF-1α bona fide target genes and affects cell migration and clonogenicity in methylcellulose. In vivo, EZN-2208 impairs leukemia progression and prolongs mice survival in APL mouse models. More importantly, when used in combination with ATRA, EZN-2208 synergizes in debulking leukemia and eradicating leukemia-initiating cells. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical data suggest that the combination ATRA-EZN-2208 may be tested to treat patients with APL who develop resistance to ATO or patients carrying the PLZF-RARα fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Coltella
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical Models of Cancer, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Leukemia Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Valsecchi
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical Models of Cancer, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Manfredi Ponente
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical Models of Cancer, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Leukemia Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical Models of Cancer, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Leukemia Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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