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Cui L, Wang CJ, Lian HY, Zhang L, Ma HH, Wang D, Chen FF, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Wei A, Huang XT, Zhu T, Wang TY, Li ZG, Zhang R. Clinical outcomes and prognostic risk factors of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: Results from the BCH-LCH 2014 protocol study. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:598-607. [PMID: 36594188 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare myeloid neoplasm mainly affecting young children. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of 449 pediatric patients enrolled in the BCH-LCH 2014 study. 52.6% of patients were classified with single-system (SS) LCH, 28.1% with multisystem (MS) risk organ negative (RO-) LCH, and 19.4% with MS RO+ LCH. Three hundred ninety-six patients (88.2%) were initially treated with first-line therapy based on the vindesine-prednisone combination. One hundred thirty-nine patients who lacked a response to initial treatment were shifted to second-line therapy, 72 to intensive treatment Arm S1 (a combination of cytarabine, cladribine, vindesine, and dexamethasone), and 67 to Arm S2 (without cladribine). The 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and relapse rates were 98.2% (median: 97.6 months), 54.6% (median: 58.3 months), and 29.9%, respectively. MS RO+ patients had the worst prognosis among the three clinical subtypes. For the patients initially treated with first-line therapy, the 5-year OS, PFS, and relapse rates were 99.2%, 54.5%, and 29.3%, respectively. Patients in Arm S1 had a significantly better prognosis than patients in Arm S2 (5-year PFS: 69.2% vs. 46.5%, p = .042; relapse rate: 23.4% vs. 44.2%, p = .031). Multivariate analysis revealed that early treatment response, the involvement of RO, skin, and oral mucosa, as well as laboratory parameters, including CRP and γ-GT, were independent risk factors for the PFS of LCH. Thus, the prognosis of LCH in children has been improved significantly with stratified chemotherapy, and progression and relapse remained the challenges, especially for RO+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- Hematologic Diseases Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chan-Juan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yun Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Hao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fen-Fen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Hematologic Diseases Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Huang
- Hematologic Diseases Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Hematologic Diseases Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-You Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- Hematologic Diseases Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Karlsson J, Wetterö J, Weiner M, Rönnelid J, Fernandez-Botran R, Sjöwall C. Associations of C-reactive protein isoforms with systemic lupus erythematosus phenotypes and disease activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:139. [PMID: 35690780 PMCID: PMC9188243 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a large production of autoantibodies and deficient clearance of cellular waste. The disease typically oscillates between episodes of elevated disease activity and quiescent disease. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pentameric acute-phase protein usually reflecting inflammation and tissue damage. However, despite increased inflammation and elevated interleukin-6, the levels of CRP typically remain low or only slightly raised in SLE. Under certain conditions, pentameric CRP (pCRP) can dissociate into its monomeric isoform (mCRP), which mainly has been ascribed pro-inflammatory properties. The present study aims to investigate the potential relationship between pCRP and mCRP, respectively, with disease activity and clinical features of SLE. Methods The levels of pCRP and mCRP were measured, by turbidimetry (high-sensitive) and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively, in serum samples from 160 patients with SLE and 30 patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Twenty-two of the SLE cases were selected for analysis at two time-points; quiescent disease and active disease. The two CRP isoforms were evaluated in relation to disease activity and clinical features in the two diseases. Results Levels of pCRP and mCRP were significantly lower in SLE than AAV (p < 0.001) and the ratio of mCRP/pCRP was higher in SLE compared to AAV. The mCRP/pCRP ratio was higher for patients in remission and able to significantly separate between active/quiescent disease in paired, but not in non-paired, samples from patients with SLE. Significant correlations were observed with SLICC/ACR damage index for pCRP levels as well as inversely with the mCRP/pCRP ratio. Lower mCRP levels associated with malar rash. Conclusion As the interrelationship between the two isoforms appear to (a) discriminate between quiescent and active SLE and (b) differ between SLE and AAV, our data indicates that the two CRP isoforms could exert contrasting immunological effects and/or reflect different milieus. Given the biological effects of mCRP, it is possible that altered levels may indicate increased opsonization of immune complexes and apoptotic debris, and thereby prevent their deposition outside the reticuloendothelial system and manifestations such as lupus nephritis and lupus-related skin disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02831-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Campus US, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Wetterö
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Campus US, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Weiner
- Department of Nephrology in Linköping, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Rönnelid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rafael Fernandez-Botran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Campus US, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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