1
|
Guzzoni V, Emerich de Abreu ICM, Bertagnolli M, Mendes RH, Belló-Klein A, Casarini DE, Flues K, Cândido GO, Paulini J, De Angelis K, Marcondes FK, Irigoyen MC, Sousa Cunha T. Aerobic training increases renal antioxidant defence and reduces angiotensin II levels, mitigating the high mortality in SHR-STZ model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39016681 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2377381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTVE The purpose of the research was to investigate the effects of aerobic training on renal function, oxidative stress, intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, and mortality of hypertensive and diabetic (SHR-STZ) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood pressure, creatinine, urea levels, urinary glucose, urine volume, and protein excretion were reduced in trained SHR-STZ rats. RESULTS Aerobic training not only attenuated oxidative stress but also elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the kid'ney of SHR-STZ rats. Training increased intrarenal levels of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE2) as well as the neprilysin (NEP) activity, along with decreased intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. Aerobic training significantly improved the survival of STZ-SHR rats. CONCLUSION The protective role of aerobic training was associated with improvements in the renal antioxidative capacity, reduced urinary protein excretion along with reduced intrarenal Ang II and increased NEP activity. These findings might reflect a better survival under the combined pathological conditions, hypertension, and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Guzzoni
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- Laboratory of Maternal-child Health, Hospital Sacre-Coeur Research Center, CIUSSS Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roberta Hack Mendes
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin Flues
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geórgia Orsi Cândido
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaína Paulini
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Klein Marcondes
- Department of Biosciences, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP - UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Sousa Cunha
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suciu CI, Suciu VI, Nicoară SD. Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects with Low and Moderate Daily Physical Activity. Rom J Ophthalmol 2023; 67:337-344. [PMID: 38239425 PMCID: PMC10793371 DOI: 10.22336/rjo.2023.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical activity is nowadays recognized as a protective factor against cardiovascular conditions, being cost-effective and easy to implement. Through its positive effects on hemodynamic and oxidative stress, different intensities in daily physical activity could influence diabetic macular edema (DME) in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: With the help of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) device, we studied the macular thickness and ETDRS map parameters in type 1 DM patients who were classified into two groups: low and moderate intensity routine physical activity status, using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). All subjects received comparable anti-VEGF treatment. Results: Having a long disease evolution, patients with type 1 DM (T1DM) with moderate physical activity displayed better OCT measurements in specific retinal sectors than their counterparts with low physical activity. Variables such as age and body mass index (BMI) can influence the level of physical activity in T1DM patients. Conclusions: This study showed a lower prevalence of DME in T1DM subjects with moderate physical activity levels, revealing lower values for ETDRS OCT parameters in specific retinal sectors. The macular volumes (mm3) were significantly lower in the right eye for this group of subjects. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, CMT = central macular thickness, DM = diabetes mellitus, DME = diabetic macular edema, DR = diabetic retinopathy, FT = foveal thickness, II = inferior inner thickness, IO = inferior outer thickness, IPAQ = international physical activity questionnaire, LE = left eye, OCT = optical coherence tomography, MMT = maximal macular thickness, mMT = minimal macular thickness, MV = macular volume, NI = nasal inner thickness, NO = nasal outer thickness, QoL = quality of life, RE = right eye, SI = superior inner thickness, SO = superior outer thickness, T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus, TI = temporal inner thickness, TO = temporal outer thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina-Iuliana Suciu
- Department of Ophthalmology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Ioan Suciu
- Department of Neuroscience, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Delia Nicoară
- Department of Ophthalmology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diwekar-Joshi M, Watve M. Driver versus navigator causation in biology: the case of insulin and fasting glucose. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10396. [PMID: 33365205 PMCID: PMC7735078 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In biomedicine, inferring causal relation from experimental intervention or perturbation is believed to be a more reliable approach than inferring causation from cross-sectional correlation. However, we point out here that even in interventional inference there are logical traps. In homeostatic systems, causality in a steady state can be qualitatively different from that in a perturbed state. On a broader scale there is a need to differentiate driver causality from navigator causality. A driver is essential for reaching a destination but may not have any role in deciding the destination. A navigator on the other hand has a role in deciding the destination and the path but may not be able to drive the system to the destination. The failure to differentiate between types of causalities is likely to have resulted into many misinterpretations in physiology and biomedicine. METHODS We illustrate this by critically re-examining a specific case of the causal role of insulin in glucose homeostasis using five different approaches (1) Systematic review of tissue specific insulin receptor knock-outs, (2) Systematic review of insulin suppression and insulin enhancement experiments, (3) Differentiating steady state and post-meal state glucose levels in streptozotocin treated rats in primary experiments, (4) Mathematical and theoretical considerations and (5) Glucose-insulin relationship in human epidemiological data. RESULTS All the approaches converge on the inference that although insulin action hastens the return to a steady state after a glucose load, there is no evidence that insulin action determines the steady state level of glucose. Insulin, unlike the popular belief in medicine, appears to be a driver but not a navigator for steady state glucose level. It is quite likely therefore that the current line of clinical action in the field of type 2 diabetes has limited success largely because it is based on a misinterpretation of glucose-insulin relationship. The insulin-glucose example suggests that we may have to carefully re-examine causal inferences from perturbation experiments and set up revised norms for experimental design for causal inference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manawa Diwekar-Joshi
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind Watve
- Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee HW, Ahmad M, Weldrick JJ, Wang HW, Burgon PG, Leenen FHH. Effects of exercise training and TrkB blockade on cardiac function and BDNF-TrkB signaling postmyocardial infarction in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1821-H1834. [PMID: 30311496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00245.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training is beneficial for preserving cardiac function postmyocardial infarction (post-MI), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated one possible mechanism, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling, with the TrkB blocker ANA-12 (0.5 mg·kg-1·day-1). Male Wistar rats underwent sham surgery or ligation of the left descending coronary artery. The surviving MI rats were allocated as follows: sedentary MI rats treated with vehicle, exercise-trained MI rats treated with vehicle, and exercise-trained MI rats treated with ANA-12. Exercise training was done 5 days/wk for 4 wk on a motor-driven treadmill. At the end, left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated by echocardiography and a Millar catheter. Mature BDNF and downstream effectors of BDNF-TrkB signaling, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Akt, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), were assessed in the noninfarct area of the LV by Western blot analysis. Exercise training increased stroke volume and cardiac index and attenuated the decrease in ejection fraction (EF) and increase in LV end-diastolic pressure post-MI. ANA-12 blocked the improvement of EF and attenuated the increases in stroke volume and cardiac index but did not affect LV end-diastolic pressure. Exercise training post-MI prevented decreases in mature BDNF, phosphorylated (p-)CaMKII, p-Akt, and p-AMPKα expression. These effects were all blocked by ANA-12 except for p-AMPKα. In conclusion, the exercise-induced improvement of EF is mediated by the BDNF-TrkB axis and the downstream effectors CaMKII and Akt. BDNF-TrkB signaling appears to contribute to the improvement in systolic function by exercise training. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise training improves ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and increases stroke volume and cardiac index in rats postmyocardial infarction (post-MI). The improvement of EF but not LVEDP is mediated by activation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) axis and downstream effectors Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and Akt. This suggests that activation of BDNF-TrkB signaling and CaMKII and Akt is a promising target to attenuate progressive cardiac dysfunction post-MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heow Won Lee
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Monir Ahmad
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Jonathan J Weldrick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Patrick G Burgon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Frans H H Leenen
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|