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Aquino S, Cunha A, Gomes Lima J, Sena-Evangelista K, Gouveia Oliveira A, Cobucci RN, FC Pedrosa L. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic parameters among patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and GRADE evidence synthesis of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20845. [PMID: 37885733 PMCID: PMC10598496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Various pathophysiologic mechanisms were proposed to underlie the effect of vitamin D on MetS components. In this systematic review, we reviewed randomized control clinical trials to verify whether vitamin D supplementation (VDS) at different doses is effective concomitantly in controlling high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose level, blood pressure, and central obesity in adults diagnosed with MetS. The following scientific databases were searched from 1998 until April 2023: EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrial.gov, and Google Scholar. No language restrictions were applied. Seven studies were included, and they showed a high level of heterogeneity. All studies reported a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels in the intervention groups. Of these, only two noted a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference. However, the certainty levels of the evidence rating were very low and low for triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference, respectively, and moderate for fasting glucose level, blood pressure, and HDL-c. In conclusion, despite these benefits, considering the low certainty, the evidence does not support that VDS decreases triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference in adults with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séphora Aquino
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Cunha
- Collaborative Researcher in Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000 – Lagoa Nova, CEP: 59078970, Natal, Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes Lima
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59010-180, Brazil
| | - Karine Sena-Evangelista
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Medicine School, Potiguar University-UnP, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Applied Sciences to Women's Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Lucia FC Pedrosa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
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Abstract
The global COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has become a complex problem that overlaps with a growing public health problem, obesity. Obesity alters different components of the innate and adaptive immune responses, creating a chronic and low-grade state of inflammation. Nutritional status is closely related to a better or worse prognosis of viral infections. Excess weight has been recognised as a risk factor for COVID-19 complications. In addition to the direct risk, obesity triggers other diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, increasing the risk of severe COVID-19. The present review explains the diets that induce obesity and the importance of different foods in this process. We also review tissue disruption in obesity, leading to impaired immune responses and the possible mechanisms by which obesity and its co-morbidities increase COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Nutritional strategies that support the immune system in patients with obesity and with COVID-19 are also discussed in light of the available data, considering the severity of the infection. The discussions held may contribute to combating this global emergency and planning specific public health policy.
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Oh CM, Park JH, Chung HS, Yu JM, Chung W, Kang JG, Moon S. Effect of body shape on the development of cardiovascular disease in individuals with metabolically healthy obesity. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22036. [PMID: 32957321 PMCID: PMC7505363 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies about the effects of metabolically healthy obesity on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have yielded conflicting results. These heterogeneous results could be due to the limited usefulness of BMI in measuring general adiposity, as body mass index (BMI) does not accurately reflect body composition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of body shape on CVD outcomes across different obesity phenotypes, and to provide an explanation for the heterogeneous effects of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype on CVD.We analyzed data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a population-based cohort study conducted between 2001 and 2012. We divided the participants into 4 groups: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), MHO, metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). To assess body shape, we calculated the z-score of the log-transformed a body shape index (LBSIZ). We computed Pearson correlation coefficients to examine the association of LBSIZ with muscle mass index, percentage of total fat mass (%Total FM), and percentage of abdominal fat mass (%Abdominal FM). We also used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the effect of LBSIZ on CVD events according to the obesity phenotypes.A total of 9460 participants were assessed in this study. The incidence of CVD was 8.53 cases per 1000 person-year. LBSIZ showed strong positive correlation with %Total FM and %Abdominal FM, but negative correlation with muscle mass index. In Cox regression, MHO individuals did not show increased risk of CVD compared with MHNO individuals (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-1.73). However, MHO individuals in the 3rd (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.28-4.51) and 4th (HR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.99-6.74) quarters of LBSIZ showed significantly higher risk of CVD compared with MHNO individuals in the 1st quarter of LBSIZ. Moreover, LBSIZ showed a linear relationship with CVD among MHO individuals.While the MHO individuals showed similar CVD risk to the MHNO individuals, CVD risk increases with LBSIZ among the MHO individuals. LBSIZ appears to be a useful measure for CVD risk assessment in clinical practice and epidemiologic studies, especially for MHO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon
| | - Jae Myung Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon
| | - Wankyo Chung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon
| | - Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon
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Oliveira ACRD, Magalhães CA, Loures CMG, Fraga VG, Souza LCD, Guimarães HC, Cintra MTG, Bicalho MA, Sousa MCR, Silveira JN, Silva IFO, Caramelli P, Carvalho MG, Gomes KB. BsmI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in individuals with cognitive decline. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2018; 76:760-766. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20180116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Elderly people are at a high risk of developing vitamin D (VitD) deficiency due to both decreased intake and cutaneous synthesis. Most of the biological actions of VitD are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present in neurons and glial cells of the hippocampus, and in the cortex and subcortical nuclei, essential areas for cognition. It is known that VDR gene polymorphisms may decrease the VDR affinity for VitD. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of VitD levels on cognitive decline in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 32) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 15) compared to cognitively healthy elderly (n = 24). We also evaluated the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with cognitive disturbance. Methods: Four polymorphisms on the VDR gene were studied, namely, BsmI, ApaI, FokI and TaqI, by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: No significant difference in 25(OH)D levels or genotypic/allelic frequencies was observed between the groups. Deficiency of 25(OH)D was more frequently observed in women. The AA/AG genotypes of the BsmI polymorphism was associated with sufficient 25(OH)D levels, while the GG genotype of this same polymorphism was associated to insufficient levels in the cognitively-impaired group (individuals with AD or MCI). Conclusions: The data obtained do not confirm the relationship between reductions of VitD levels, polymorphisms in the VDR gene, and altered cognitive function in this sample. However, the data indicate that BsmI polymorphism in the VDR gene is associated with the VitD levels in individuals with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karina B. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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