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Stellpflug SJ, Dalrymple KA, Stone D, Southgate S, Bachman DS, LeFevere RC, Hasan J, Zwank MD. Impact of repeated sportive chokes on carotid intima media thickness and brain injury biomarkers in grappling athletes. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38857060 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2024.2366154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular neck compression techniques, referred to as 'chokes' in combat sports, reduce cerebral perfusion, causing loss of consciousness or voluntary submission by the choked athlete. Despite these chokes happening millions of times yearly around the world, there is scant research on their long-term effects. This pilot study evaluated whether repeated choking in submission grappling impacts the carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and brain injury biomarkers (NFL, hGFAP, t-Tau, and UCH-L1). METHODS Participants (n = 39, 29 male; ages 27-60 years) were assigned to one of two study arms: Grapplers (n = 20, 15 male) and 19 age/sex/body size matched controls. Grapplers had been exposed to >500 choke events while training for >5 years in a choke-inclusive sport. Exclusion criteria were recent TBI or deficits from a past TBI or stroke. Bilateral ultrasound measurement of the CIMT was performed, and blood was collected for quantitative analysis of four brain injury markers. Subgroup analyses were performed within the Grappler group to account for blunt head trauma as a possible confounder. RESULTS There was no overall difference in CIMT measurements between Grapplers (mean 0.55 mm, SD 0.07) and Controls (mean 0.57 mm, SD 0.10) p = 0.498 [95% CI -0.04-0.08], nor were there CIMT differences between Grappler subgroups of blunt Trauma and No-Trauma. There were no significant differences in any biomarkers comparing Grapplers and Controls or comparing Grappler subgroups of Trauma and No-Trauma. CONCLUSION This study found no significant difference in CIMT and serum brain injury biomarkers between controls and grapplers with extensive transient choke experience, nor between grapplers with extensive past blunt head trauma and those without.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Stone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Samuel Southgate
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - David S Bachman
- Critical Care Research Center, HealthPartners, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Robert C LeFevere
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jaan Hasan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Zwank
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Wang L, Wang ZH, Liu LP. Value of Hcy combined with Framingham score for predicting macrovascular disease in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35401. [PMID: 37800767 PMCID: PMC10553110 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the predictive value of homocysteine (Hcy) combined with the Framingham risk score for cardio- and cerebrovascular disease in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to provide a reference for clinical treatment. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 1036 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to our hospital between July 2017 and July 2022. The patients were divided into occurrence (n = 438) and control (n = 598) groups based on the incidence of cardio- or cerebrovascular disease. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to analyze the factors associated with cardio-cerebral small-vessel disease in the elderly patients with T2DM. The predictive value of Hcy combined with the Framingham score for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases in elderly patients with T2DM was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence group had significantly higher Framingham score, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose, Hcy, glycated hemoglobin, smoking history, and disease duration than the control group (all P < .05). Food preferences, sleep duration, physical exercise, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the occurrence group than in the control group (all P < .05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that smoking history, duration of diabetes, Framingham score, SBP, TC, FBG, HDL-C, 2h postprandial plasma glucose, and Hcy levels were risk factors for cardio- and cerebrovascular disease in elderly patients with T2DM. The area under the curve for Hcy and Framingham scores was 0.741 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.635-1.871) and 0.717 (95% CI: 0.601-0.856), respectively. Hcy combined with the Framingham score demonstrated a significantly higher predictive value (0.852, 95% CI: 0.741-0.979). Long smoking history, long diabetes duration, high Framingham score, high SBP, high TC, high FBG, low HDL-C, and high Hcy levels are risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular disease in elderly patients with T2DM. In addition, Hcy level combined with the Framingham score demonstrated superior predictive power for cardio- and cerebrovascular disease in elderly patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhao Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Peng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
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Kirac CO, Sirikci V, Findikli HA. The impact of insulin induced lipohypertrophy on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34696. [PMID: 37773793 PMCID: PMC10545240 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipohypertrophy (LH) is a major localized complication of insulin therapy. We aimed to investigate the association between insulin-induced LH and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 75 patients with DM treated with insulin were included in this study. The insulin injection sites of the patients were evaluated by inspection and palpation and then radiologically with ultrasound. The CIMT of the patients was evaluated using ultrasonography. According to the guideline recommendation, the CIMT cutoff value was taken as 0.9 mm, and the patients were categorized into 2 groups according to the CIMT value and evaluated statistically. The presence of LH (CI: 1.379-30.000; OR = 6.432; P < .05), age (CI: 1.036-1.149; OR = 1091; P < .05), BMI (CI: 1.003-1.262; OR = 1.125; P < .05) and duration of DM (CI: 1.001-1.300; OR = 1.141; P < .05) were independent risk factors for high-CIMT in patients with DM. The most interesting result of this study was that the presence of LH was an independent risk factor for increased CIMT. According to this result, we think that LH may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as being a complication that disrupts the blood glucose regulation of patients with DM and increases the cost of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Onur Kirac
- Necip Fazil City Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Vehbi Sirikci
- Necip Fazil City Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Klimontov VV, Koroleva EA, Khapaev RS, Korbut AI, Lykov AP. Carotid Artery Disease in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Factors and Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2021; 11:72. [PMID: 35011813 PMCID: PMC8745306 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and, especially, carotid artery stenosis (CAS), are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors and biomarkers of subclinical CA and CAS in T2D individuals. High-resolution ultrasonography of carotid arteries was performed in 389 patients. Ninety-five clinical parameters were evaluated, including diabetic complications and comorbidities; antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive therapy; indices of glycemic control and glucose variability (GV); lipid panels; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); albuminuria; blood cell count; and coagulation. Additionally, serum levels of calponin-1, relaxin, L-citrulline, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -3 (MMP-2, -3) were measured by ELISA. In univariate analysis, older age, male sex, diabetes duration, GV, diabetic retinopathy, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and MMP-3 were associated with subclinical CA. In addition to these factors, long-term arterial hypertension, high daily insulin doses, eGFR, and L-citrulline were associated with CAS. In multivariate logistic regression, age, male sex, BMI, GV, and eGFR predicted CA independently; male sex, BMI, diabetes duration, eGFR, and L-citrulline were predictors of CAS. These results can be used to develop screening and prevention programs for CA and CAS in T2D subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Klimontov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.K.); (R.S.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.L.)
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Study of TCM Syndrome Identification Modes for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Data Mining. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5528550. [PMID: 34531918 PMCID: PMC8440087 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5528550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To establish the diagnosis model for syndromes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM) and explore symptoms, the pulse and tongue signs, and laboratory indexes related to syndromes of T2-DM. Methods A syndromatologic and laboratory investigation was conducted in 554 T2-DM patients with 58 symptoms, 14 tongue signs, 6 pulse signs, and 12 laboratory indexes. The clinical data on the syndrome were collected and analyzed by using logistic regression analysis, decision tree, and K-nearest neighbor to establish a diagnostic model for effectively distinguishing the typical syndromes in T2-DM patients. Results The most typical syndromes revealed in T2-DM were stomach heat flourishing (SHF) syndrome (261 patients, accounting for 47.1%) and Qi-Yin deficiency (QYD) syndrome (293 patients, 52.9%). According to the clinical data of the patients with these two syndromes, variables including 6 symptoms and signs, 2 pulse signs, 1 tongue sign, and 2 laboratory indicators were introduced into the logistic regression model. All of them were statistically significant. Then, a diagnostic model constructed by QUEST and CHAID algorithms of the decision tree for identifying the two syndromes was proved to have an accurate diagnostic rate of 85.2%. It was found that the following sign and symptoms were effective to differentiate these two syndromes: odor in the mouth, polyphagia, vulnerability to starvation, burning sensation in the stomach, fatigue, limb weakness, slippery and replete pulse, weak pulse, pink tongue, oral glucose tolerance test, and hemoglobin A1C. A classification model constructed by the K-nearest neighbor method to identify the two syndromes showed an accurate diagnostic rate of 88.3%. Three major statistically significant predictors included in the model were slippery and replete pulse, polyphagia, and weak pulse (P < 0.05). Conclusion A model for distinguishing the two typical syndromes (SHF syndrome and QYD syndrome) in T2-DM patients was effectively established. This model could help to provide methodological support for the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation methods.
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Akopyan AA, Kirillova KI, Strazhesko ID, Samokhodskaya LM, Orlova YA. [Association of AGT, ACE, NOS3, TNF, MMP9, CYBA polymorphism with subclinical arterial wall changes]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 61:57-65. [PMID: 33849420 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.3.n1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Aim Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, decreased nitric oxide production, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress result in subclinical changes in the arterial wall, which favor the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The effect of allelic gene variants that encode the proteins participating in pathogenetic pathways of age-associated diseases with subclinical changes in the arterial wall [increased pulse wave velocity (PWV), increased intima-media thickness, endothelial dysfunction (ED), presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP)] are understudied. This study analyzed the relationship between AGT, ACE, NOS3 TNF, MMP9, and CYBA gene polymorphism and the presence of subclinical changes in the arterial wall, including the dependence on risk factors for CVD, in arbitrarily healthy people of various age.Material and methods The relationship of polymorphisms с.521С>Т of AGT gene, Ins>Del of AСE gene, с.894G>T of NOS3 gene, - 238G>A of TNF gene, - 1562С>T of MMP9 gene, and c.214Т>С of CYBA gene with indexes of changes in the arterial wall and risk factors for CVD was studied in 160 arbitrarily healthy people by building models of multiple logistic regression and also by analyzing frequencies of co-emergence of two signs with the Pearson chi-squared test (χ2) and Fisher exact test.Results The DD-genotype of Ins>Del ACE gene polymorphism was correlated with increased PWV (p=0.006; odds ratio (OR) =3.41, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.48-8.67) and ED (p=0.014; OR=2.60, 95 % CI: 1.22-5.68). The GG genotype of с.894G>T NOS3 gene polymorphism was correlated with ED (p=0.0087; OR=2.65, 95 % CI: 1.26-5.72); the ТТ-genotype of с.894G>T NOS3 gene polymorphism was correlated with ASP (p=0.033; OR=0.034, 95 % CI: 0.001-0.549).Conclusion Polymorphic variants of AСE and NOS3 genes correlated with ED, increased arterial wall stiffness, and the presence of subclinical changes in the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Akopyan
- Medical Research and Educational Center of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - K I Kirillova
- Medical Research and Educational Center of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I D Strazhesko
- Medical Research and Educational Center of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - L M Samokhodskaya
- Medical Research and Educational Center of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ya A Orlova
- Medical Research and Educational Center of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Sano T, Kawaguchi T, Ide T, Amano K, Kuwahara R, Arinaga-Hino T, Torimura T. Tenofovir Alafenamide Rescues Renal Tubules in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030263. [PMID: 33806752 PMCID: PMC8005189 DOI: 10.3390/life11030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucles(t)ide analogs (NAs) are effective for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). NAs suppress hepatic decompensation and hepatocarcinogenesis, leading to a dramatic improvement of the natural course of patients with CHB. However, renal dysfunction is becoming an important issue for the management of CHB. Renal dysfunction develops in patients with the long-term treatment of NAs including adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Recently, several studies have reported that the newly approved tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has a safe profile for the kidney due to greater plasma stability. In this mini-review, we discuss the effectiveness of switching to TAF for NAs-related renal tubular dysfunction in patients with CHB.
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Koeder C, Hahn A, Englert H. Effect of a 6-Month Controlled Lifestyle Intervention on Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:869-877. [PMID: 34409964 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (ccIMT) is an established risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether lifestyle interventions can easily demonstrate an improvement in ccIMT. The objective was to test if our intervention would beneficially affect ccIMT (among other CVD markers). DESIGN Non-randomized controlled trial. SETTING Rural northwest Germany. PARTICIPANTS Middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87). INTERVENTION A community-based, 6-month controlled lifestyle intervention focusing on four areas of lifestyle change: a plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management, and an improved social life. A strong emphasis was on dietary change. MEASUREMENTS We tested whether ccIMT change from baseline to 6 months was different between groups. RESULTS With all participants included, no significant difference in mean ccIMT change between groups was observed (p = 0.708). However, in a subgroup analysis with participants with high baseline mean ccIMT (≥0.800 mm) a significant difference in mean ccIMT change between intervention (-0.023 [95% CI -0.052, 0.007] mm; n = 22; baseline mean ccIMT: 0.884 ± 0.015 mm) and control (0.041 [95% CI 0.009, 0.073] mm; n = 13; baseline mean ccIMT: 0.881 ± 0.022 mm) was observed (p = 0.004). Adjusting for potential confounders did not substantially alter the results. CONCLUSION The results indicate that healthy lifestyle changes can beneficially affect ccIMT within 6 months and that such a beneficial effect may be more easily demonstrated if participants with high baseline ccIMT are recruited. The observed effect is of relevance for the prevention of CVD events, including myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koeder
- Christian Koeder, Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Corrensstr. 25, 48149 Münster, Germany;
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