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Hafiz AA. The neuroprotective effect of vitamin D in Parkinson's disease: association or causation. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:870-886. [PMID: 37731327 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2259680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease (NDD) due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra (SN). PD is characterized by diverse motor symptoms such as rigidity, resting tremors, and bradykinesia, and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction and sleep disturbances. Vitamin D (VD), VD receptor (VDR), and VD metabolites are present in the brain and play a role in maintaining the development, differentiation, and functions of the DNs. VDRs exert protective effects against PD neuropathology by modulating functional capacity and DNs neurotransmission in the SN. In virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, VD could be effective in the prevention and treatment of PD. VD exerts a neuroprotective effect by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and by increasing autophagy and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Low VD serum level is connected with cognitive dysfunction and the development of dementia in PD. The VD-mediated cognitive augmenting effect is interrelated to the safeguarding of synaptic plasticity and modulation of neurotransmitter release. VD deficiency is linked with the severity of olfactory dysfunction which precedes the progression of symptomatic PD. However, the precise role of VD in PD remains unidentified, and there is a conflict about whether treatment with VD can ameliorate PD or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin A Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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2
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Khawagi WY, Al-Kuraishy HM, Hussein NR, Al-Gareeb AI, Atef E, Elhussieny O, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Jabir MS, Alshehri AA, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Depression and type 2 diabetes: A causal relationship and mechanistic pathway. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3031-3044. [PMID: 38802993 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder that may increase risk for the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and vice versa. However, the mechanistic pathway linking depression and T2D is not fully elucidated. The aim of this narrative review, therefore, was to discuss the possible link between depression and T2D. The coexistence of T2D and depression is twice as great compared to the occurrence of either condition independently. Hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia promote the incidence of depression by enhancing inflammation and reducing brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT]). Dysregulation of insulin signalling in T2D impairs brain 5HT signalling, leading to the development of depression. Furthermore, depression is associated with the development of hyperglycaemia and poor glycaemic control. Psychological stress and depression promote the development of T2D. In conclusion, T2D could be a potential risk factor for the development of depression through the induction of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that affect brain neurotransmission. In addition, chronic stress in depression may induce the development of T2D through dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increase circulating cortisol levels, which triggers IR and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Y Khawagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nawar R Hussein
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Esraa Atef
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnya Elhussieny
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, India
- Department of Research and Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research and Development, AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdullah A Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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3
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Ali NH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Hadi NR, Assiri AA, Alrouji M, Welson NN, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GES. Hypoglycemia and Alzheimer Disease Risk: The Possible Role of Dasiglucagon. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:55. [PMID: 38977507 PMCID: PMC11230952 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment and cognitive dysfunctions. It has been shown that hypoglycemia can adversely affect AD neuropathology. It is well-known that chronic hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is regarded as a potential risk factor for the development and progression of AD. However, the effect of recurrent hypoglycemia on the pathogenesis of AD was not deeply discussed, and how recurrent hypoglycemia affects AD at cellular and molecular levels was not intensely interpreted by the previous studies. The underlying mechanisms for hypoglycaemia-induced AD are diverse such as endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and neuronal injury that causing tau protein hyperphosphorylation and the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain neurons. Of note, the glucagon hormone, which controls blood glucose, can also regulate the cognitive functions. Glucagon increases blood glucose by antagonizing the metabolic effect of insulin. Therefore, glucagon, through attenuation of hypoglycemia, may prevent AD neuropathology. Glucagon/GLP-1 has been shown to promote synaptogenesis, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory, while attenuating amyloid and tau pathologies. Therefore, activation of glucagon receptors in the brain may reduce AD neuropathology. A recent glucagon receptor agonist dasiglucagon which used in the management of hypoglycemia may be effective in preventing hypoglycemia and AD neuropathology. This review aims to discuss the potential role of dasiglucagon in treating hypoglycemia in AD, and how this drug reduce AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H Ali
- Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Head of Jabir Ibn, Hayyan Medical University, Al-Ameer Qu./Najaf-Iraq, PO.Box13, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Najah R Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Abdullah A Assiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermeen N Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Klionsky DJ, Albuhadily AK. Dysregulation of pancreatic β-cell autophagy and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Autophagy 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38873924 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2367356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential degradation process that removes abnormal cellular components, maintains homeostasis within cells, and provides nutrition during starvation. Activated autophagy enhances cell survival during stressful conditions, although overactivation of autophagy triggers induction of autophagic cell death. Therefore, early-onset autophagy promotes cell survival whereas late-onset autophagy provokes programmed cell death, which can prevent disease progression. Moreover, autophagy regulates pancreatic β-cell functions by different mechanisms, although the precise role of autophagy in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not completely understood. Consequently, this mini-review discusses the protective and harmful roles of autophagy in the pancreatic β cell and in the pathophysiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University, Al-Ameer Qu./Najaf, Kufa, Iraq
| | | | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Kieliszek M, Sapazhenkava K. The Promising Role of Selenium and Yeast in the Fight Against Protein Amyloidosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04245-x. [PMID: 38829477 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to research on diseases related to the deposition of misfolded proteins (amyloids) in various organs. Moreover, modern scientists emphasise the importance of selenium as a bioelement necessary for the proper functioning of living organisms. The inorganic form of selenium-sodium selenite (redox-active)-can prevent the formation of an insoluble polymer in proteins. It is very important to undertake tasks aimed at understanding the mechanisms of action of this element in inhibiting the formation of various types of amyloid. Furthermore, yeast cells play an important role in this matter as a eukaryotic model organism, which is intensively used in molecular research on protein amyloidosis. Due to the lack of appropriate treatment in the general population, the problem of amyloidosis remains unsolved. This extracellular accumulation of amyloid is one of the main factors responsible for the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. The review presented here contains scientific information discussing a brief description of the possibility of amyloid formation in cells and the use of selenium as a factor preventing the formation of these protein aggregates. Recent studies have shown that the yeast model can be successfully used as a eukaryotic organism in biotechnological research aimed at understanding the essence of the entire amyloidosis process. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the reaction of yeast to selenium and the phenomenon of amyloidosis is important in the aetiology and pathogenesis of various disease states. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further research and analysis aimed at explaining and confirming the role of selenium in the processes of protein misfolding disorders. The rest of the article discusses the characteristics of food protein amyloidosis and their use in the food industry. During such tests, their toxicity is checked because not all food proteins can produce amyloid that is toxic to cells. It should also be noted that a moderate diet is beneficial for the corresponding disease relief caused by amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.
| | - Katsiaryna Sapazhenkava
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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Alrouji M, Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alshammari MS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Batiha GE. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitors in Parkinson disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18412. [PMID: 38842132 PMCID: PMC11154839 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a protein expressed in postmitotic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Cdk5 is activated by p35 and p39 which are neuron regulatory subunits. Cdk5/p35 complex is activated by calpain protease to form Cdk5/p35 which has a neuroprotective effect by regulating the synaptic plasticity and memory functions. However, exaggerated Cdk5 is implicated in different types of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, modulation of Cdk5 signalling may mitigate PD neuropathology. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to discuss the critical role of Cdk5 in the pathogenesis of PD, and how Cdk5 inhibitors are effectual in the management of PD. In conclusion, overactivated Cdk5 is involved the development of neurodegeneration, and Cdk5/calpain inhibitors such as statins, metformin, fenofibrates and rosiglitazone can attenuate the progression of PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | - Haydar M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Mohammed S. Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Research & Development, FunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Mostafa M. Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of PharmacyHorus UniversityNew DamiettaEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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Ali NH, Al‐Kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, AlAseeri AA, Alruwaili M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. BDNF/TrkB activators in Parkinson's disease: A new therapeutic strategy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18368. [PMID: 38752280 PMCID: PMC11096816 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain and is manifested by motor and non-motor symptoms because of degenerative changes in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. PD neuropathology is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and apoptosis. Thus, the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and apoptosis by growth factors could be a novel boulevard in the management of PD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase type B (TrkB) are chiefly involved in PD neuropathology. BDNF promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and enhances the functional activity of striatal neurons. Deficiency of the TrkB receptor triggers degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-Syn in the substantia nigra. As well, BDNF/TrkB signalling is reduced in the early phase of PD neuropathology. Targeting of BDNF/TrkB signalling by specific activators may attenuate PD neuropathology. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the potential role of BDNF/TrkB activators against PD. In conclusion, BDNF/TrkB signalling is decreased in PD and linked with disease severity and long-term complications. Activation of BDNF/TrkB by specific activators may attenuate PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H. Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical CollegeNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | | | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Research and DevelopmentFunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research and DevelopmentAFNP MedWienAustria
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Ali Abdullah AlAseeri
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl‐KharjSaudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alruwaili
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Jawad SF, Swelum AA, Hadi NR. Role of ketogenic diet in neurodegenerative diseases focusing on Alzheimer diseases: The guardian angle. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102233. [PMID: 38360180 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate, adequate protein and high-fat diet. KD is primarily used to treat refractory epilepsy. KD was shown to be effective in treating different neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer disease (AD) is the first common neurodegenerative disease in the world characterized by memory and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism of KD in controlling of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases are not discussed widely. Therefore, this review aims to revise the fundamental mechanism of KD in different neurodegenerative diseases focusing on the AD. KD induces a fasting-like which modulates the central and peripheral metabolism by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut-flora, and autophagy in different neurodegenerative diseases. Different studies highlighted that KD improves AD neuropathology by regulating synaptic neurotransmission and inhibiting of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, KD improves cognitive function and attenuates the progression of AD neuropathology by reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and enhancing neuronal autophagy and brain BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology Iraq.
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Al-Ameer Qu./Najaf-iraq, PO.Box13, Kufa, Iraq.
| | - Sabrean F Jawad
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq.
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Albukhaty S, Sulaiman GM, Batiha GES. Evaluation and targeting of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/amyloid beta (Aβ) axis in amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways: A time outside the tunnel. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102119. [PMID: 37931848 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer disease (AD), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and production of amyloid beta (Aβ) which is generated by amyloidogenic pathway is implicated in neurotoxicity and neuronal cell deaths. However, physiological Aβ level is essential to improves neuronal survival, attenuates neuronal apoptosis and has neuroprotective effect. In addition, physiological APP level has neurotrophic effect on the central nervous system (CNS). APP has a critical role in the brain growth and development via activation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and acceleration of neurite outgrowth. Moreover, APP is cleaved by α secretase to form a neuroprotective soluble APP alpha (sAPPα) in non-amyloidogenic pathway. Consequently, this mini-review purposes to highlight the possible beneficial role of APP and Aβ. In addition, this mini-review discussed the modulation of APP processing and Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied science, University of Technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq
| | | | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira 22511, Egypt
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK. The conceivable role of prolactin hormone in Parkinson disease: The same goal but with different ways. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102075. [PMID: 37714384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease (NDD) of the brain. It has been reported that prolactin (PRL) hormone plays a differential effect in PD, may be increasing, reduced or unaffected. PRL level is dysregulated in different neurodegenerative disorders including PD. Preclinical and clinical studies pointed out that PRL may has a neuroprotective against PD neuropathology . Though, the mechanistic role of PRL in PD is not fully elucidated. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to clarify the potential role and mechanistic pathway of PRL in PD neuropathology. The present review highlighted that PRL appears to have a neuroprotective effect against PD neuropathology by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, antioxidant effects and by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Thus, preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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11
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Rafeeq MF. The link between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer disease: A mutual relationship and long rigorous investigation. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102084. [PMID: 37802319 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been illustrated that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. Components of MetS including central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia adversely affect the pathogenesis of AD by different mechanisms including activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), inflammatory signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, brain IR, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. MetS exacerbates AD neuropathology, and targeting of molecular pathways in MetS by pharmacological approach could a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of AD in high risk group. However, the underlying mechanisms of these pathways in AD neuropathology are not completely clarified. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the association between MetS and AD regarding the oxidative and inflammatory mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied science, University of technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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