Spinal intradural metastasis from scapular Ewing sarcoma

Primary Spinal Intradural Extramedullary Ewing's Sarcoma/Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumour Masquerading Clinically as a Neurogenic Tumour: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Ewing's Sarcomas (ES)/Peripheral neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET) are heterogenous group of rare, highly malignant, undifferentiated primitive round-cell neoplasms of neuroectodermal origin. pPNETs are seldom observed to involve the spine of which Spinal Intradural Extramedullary Extraosseous Primary ES/pPNET are extremely rare. We report a case of a 23-year-old male with complaints of low backache and hip pain radiating to the left inguinal region for four months. Radiology findings were suggestive of a neurogenic tumour. Cytomorphology, histomorphology and immunohistochemistry evaluation were done. Diagnosis was consistent with ES/pPNET. Careful correlation between clinical history, cytomorphology, histopathology, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis can help to distinguish primary spinal ES/PNET from other primary spinal tumours and will help clinicians to start treatment at the earliest.

Ewing's sarcoma in scapula, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment: A literature review

Background

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) can affect any bone, but its occurrence in the scapula is extremely rare. Only 15 studies investigating this condition exist in the medical literature.

Materials and methods

A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, and studies on ES of scapula published in the English medical literature were retrieved. A total of 15 studies were found and were included in our study.

Results

ES prevalence was highest in Asia. Moreover, ES was predominant in males (60%), with a male-to-female ratio of 3:2. ES in 53.3% and 46.6% of the cases were found in the right and left scapula, respectively. The main presentation of patients with ES of scapula was swelling, which was observed in 73.33% of the cases. Of the included studies, 46.6% used plain radiography as the primary investigation method, and 60% used computed tomography for staging and metastasis detection. For definitive diagnosis, 86.6% of the studies used immunohistochemistry markers. Adjuvant chemotherapy was considered in most studies (80%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given in 6 out of 10 cases who underwent surgical treatment. Complications included malignant pleural effusion, respiratory failure, and movement restriction.

Conclusion

The scapula is an extremely rare site for ES. Local invasion was found in 63.64% of the cases, whereas pre-metastases were found in 35.71% of the cases. Magnetic resonance imaging was considered to be the best radiological method used to diagnose ES of scapula. Adjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and surgery were the main treatments for ES.

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The scapula is an extremely rare site for Ewing's sarcoma.

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local invasion was found in 63.64%, whereas pre-metastases were found in 35.71%.

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The prevalence of Ewing tumor has male predominance with male to female ratio (3/2).

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Asia has the highest Ewing's sarcoma prevalence.

Subdural spinal metastases detected on CT myelography: A case report and brief review

Spinal metastases are most commonly osseous and may extend to the epidural space. Less commonly, spinal metastases can be subdural, leptomeningeal, or intramedullary. Among these, subdural metastases are the most rare, with few reported cases. While these lesions are now almost exclusively detected on MRI, they can rarely be apparent on other modalities. It is important to recognize subdural metastases on any modality, because they have a significant impact on patient prognosis and treatment. We report a case of renal cell carcinoma in a 68-year-old male initially presenting with subdural metastases detected on CT myelography, with subsequent confirmation by MRI. The case illustrates, to our knowledge, the first example of subdural metastatic disease seen on CT myelography.