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Chen S, Du T, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Qiao A. Advances in studies on tracheal stent design addressing the related complications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 29:101263. [PMID: 39399242 PMCID: PMC11467681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tracheal stents can be used to quickly reconstruct the airway and relieve symptoms of dyspnea in patients with tracheal stenosis. However, existing tracheal stents lead to complications such as granulation tissue formation, difficulty in removal, persistent growth of malignant tumors, stent migration, and mucus plugging. In this article, we reviewed the main methods used to reduce complications associated with tracheal stent design. Drug-eluting stents can inhibit granulation tissue formation and prevent infection and local chemotherapy. The biodegradable stent can support the trachea for some time, maintain tracheal patency, and degrade gradually, which avoids removing or replacing the stent. Radioactive stents loaded with I125 have good potential for inhibiting the persistent growth of malignant tumors. Three-dimensional printing technology enables the manufacturing of patient-specific stents, which increases the degree of matching between the complex tracheal anatomy and the stent, thus providing a new solution for stent migration caused by structural mismatch. Minimizing the barrier of the stent to mucociliary clearance, providing an anti-fouling coating, and culturing respiratory epithelial cells on the surface of the stent are the main methods used to reduce mucus plugging. We also proposed future research directions for tracheal stents to guide the design and manufacture of ideal tracheal stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianming Du
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hanbing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Aike Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Matsuoka S, Shimizu K, Koike S, Takeda T, Miura K, Eguchi T, Hamanaka K. Significance of the evaluation of tracheal length using a three-dimensional imaging workstation. J Thorac Dis 2022; 14:4276-4284. [PMID: 36524079 PMCID: PMC9745505 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available on the total tracheal length and its other characteristics for tracheal surgery. This study aimed to investigate the reference value of tracheal length and assess its relationship with physiological variables. METHODS We measured the tracheal length of 215 patients (107 men and 108 women) who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography before thoracic surgery using a three-dimensional imaging workstation. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to investigate the relationship between the total tracheal length (cervical and thoracic) and common physiological parameters. RESULTS The mean total tracheal length was 11.5±1 cm (range, 8.8-14.4 cm); 8% of the patients had a total tracheal length <10 cm. The cervical trachea was significantly shorter in men than in women (2.9±1.3 vs. 3.8±1.3 cm, P<0.001), whereas the thoracic trachea was significantly longer in men than in women (8.9±1.1 vs. 7.4±1.1 cm, P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that the total tracheal length was positively associated with height in both sexes, while the height was positively associated with only cervical tracheal length. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the total tracheal length was influenced most by height, while cervical and thoracic tracheal lengths were influenced most by sex. Older age was also an independent contributor to a shorter cervical trachea and longer thoracic trachea in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The total tracheal length ranged from short to long in individuals, and characteristics of tracheal length varied with height, age, sex, and part of the trachea. We should thus be aware of the tracheal length of each patient for appropriate tracheal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Matsuoka
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sachie Koike
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takeda
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miura
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Eguchi
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hamanaka
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Häsner P, Prescher A, Birkholz P. Effect of wavy trachea walls on the oscillation onset pressure of silicone vocal folds. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:466. [PMID: 33514162 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of non-smooth trachea walls on phonation onset and offset pressures and the fundamental frequency of oscillation were experimentally investigated for three different synthetic vocal fold models. Three models of the trachea were compared: a cylindrical tube (smooth walls) and wavy-walled tubes with ripple depths of 1 and 2 mm. Threshold pressures for the onset and offset of phonation were measured at the lower and upper ends of each trachea tube. All measurements were performed both with and without a supraglottal resonator. While the fundamental frequency was not affected by non-smooth trachea walls, the phonation onset and offset pressures measured right below the glottis decreased with an increasing ripple depth of the trachea walls (up to 20% for 2 mm ripples). This effect was independent from the type of glottis model and the presence of a supraglottal resonator. The pressures at the lower end of the trachea and the average volume velocities showed a tendency to decrease with an increasing ripple depth of the trachea walls but to a much smaller extent. These results indicate that the subglottal geometry and the flow conditions in the trachea can substantially affect the oscillation of synthetic vocal folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Häsner
- Insitute of Acoustics and Speech Communication, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Prescher
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Birkholz
- Insitute of Acoustics and Speech Communication, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Lam AS, Liu CC, Deutsch GH, Rivera J, Perkins JA, Holmes G, Jabs EW, Cunningham ML, Dahl JP. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of Tracheal Cartilaginous Sleeves and Fgfr2 Mutations in Mice. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E1349-E1356. [PMID: 32886384 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize tracheal cartilage morphology in mouse models of fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr2)-related craniosynostosis syndromes. To establish relationships between specific Fgfr2 mutations and tracheal cartilaginous sleeve (TCS) phenotypes in these mouse models. METHODS Postnatal day 0 knock-in mouse lines with disease-specific genetic variations in the Fgfr2 gene (Fgfr2C342Y/C342Y , Fgfr2C342Y/+ , Fgfr2+/Y394C , Fgfr2+/S252W , and Fgfr2+/P253R ) as well as line-specific controls were utilized. Tracheal cartilage morphology as measured by gross analyses, microcomputed tomography (μCT), and histopathology were compared using Chi-squared and single-factor analysis of variance statistical tests. RESULTS A greater proportion of rings per trachea were abnormal in Fgfr2C342Y/+ tracheas (63%) than Fgfr2+/S252W (17%), Fgfr2+/P253R (17%), Fgfr2+/Y394C (12%), and controls (10%) (P < .001 for each vs. Fgfr2C342Y/+ ). TCS segments were found only in Fgfr2C342Y/C342Y (100%) and Fgfr2C342Y/+ (72%) tracheas. Cricoid and first-tracheal ring fusion was noted in all Fgfr2C342Y/C342Y and 94% of Fgfr2C342Y/+ samples. The Fgfr2C342Y/C342Y and Fgfr2C342Y/+ groups were found to have greater areas and volumes of cartilage than other lines on gross analysis and μCT. Histologic analyses confirmed TCS among the Fgfr2C342Y/C342Y and Fgfr2C342Y/+ groups, without appreciable differences in cartilage morphology, cell size, or density; no histologic differences were observed among other Fgfr2 lines compared to controls. CONCLUSION This study found TCS phenotypes only in the Fgfr2C342Y mouse lines. These lines also had increased tracheal cartilage compared to other mutant lines and controls. These data support further study of the Fgfr2 mouse lines and the investigation of other Fgfr2 variants to better understand their role in tracheal development and TCS formation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:E1349-E1356, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin S Lam
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Carrie C Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Current address: Divisions of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Joshua Rivera
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, U.S.A.,Current address: Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan A Perkins
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, U.S.A
| | - Ethylin W Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, U.S.A
| | - Michael L Cunningham
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - John P Dahl
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
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Kavanagh K. Developmental plasticity associated with early structural integration and evolutionary patterns: Examples of developmental bias and developmental facilitation in the skeletal system. Evol Dev 2019; 22:196-204. [PMID: 31609080 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relation of developmental plasticity to evolutionary diversification is a key component of evolutionary theory involving developmental bias, but the basis of the relationship varies among traits and among taxa. Here I review some scenarios of how structural integration during early organogenesis could influence this relationship. When condensations are highly integrated and dependent on each other during early organogenesis, both plasticity and evolution are restricted, for example size proportions in molar tooth rows and phalanges within a digit. When similar condensations develop and remain separate (in tracheal cartilages and feather buds), they show high levels of variation and diversity in number but not in shape and size, at least at early stages. When non-similar structures form separately and then integrate while still undergoing patterning, high levels of plasticity (in number, size, shape; in rib uncinate processes) or new dimensions of ecologically-significant variation (cusp offset, in mammal teeth) are seen. Although each of these structural integration scenarios is unique, the modulation of evolvability is detectable and informative. Parsing the influence of structural integration at these developmental levels, rather than later-stage structural correlations or only through genetic covariation, may be necessary to advance understanding of evolvability of the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA
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