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Ratiner K, Fachler-Sharp T, Elinav E. Small Intestinal Microbiota Oscillations, Host Effects and Regulation-A Zoom into Three Key Effector Molecules. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010142. [PMID: 36671834 PMCID: PMC9855434 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota features a unique diurnal rhythmicity which contributes to modulation of host physiology and homeostasis. The composition and activity of the microbiota and its secreted molecules influence the intestinal milieu and neighboring organs, such as the liver. Multiple immune-related molecules have been linked to the diurnal microbiota-host interaction, including Reg3γ, IgA, and MHCII, which are secreted or expressed on the gut surface and directly interact with intestinal bacteria. These molecules are also strongly influenced by dietary patterns, such as high-fat diet and time-restricted feeding, which are already known to modulate microbial rhythms and peripheral clocks. Herein, we use Reg3γ, IgA, and MHCII as test cases to highlight the divergent effects mediated by the diurnal activity of the gut microbiota and their downstream host effects. We further highlight current challenges and conflicts, remaining questions, and perspectives toward a holistic understanding of the microbiome's impacts on circadian human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ratiner
- Systems Immunology Department, Weisman Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tahel Fachler-Sharp
- Systems Immunology Department, Weisman Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9987500, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weisman Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Microbiota & Cancer Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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Penny HA, Domingues RG, Krauss MZ, Melo-Gonzalez F, Lawson MA, Dickson S, Parkinson J, Hurry M, Purse C, Jegham E, Godinho-Silva C, Rendas M, Veiga-Fernandes H, Bechtold DA, Grencis RK, Toellner KM, Waisman A, Swann JR, Gibbs JE, Hepworth MR. Rhythmicity of intestinal IgA responses confers oscillatory commensal microbiota mutualism. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabk2541. [PMID: 36054336 PMCID: PMC7613662 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abk2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the mammalian host and commensal microbiota are enforced through a range of immune responses that confer metabolic benefits and promote tissue health and homeostasis. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses directly determine the composition of commensal species that colonize the intestinal tract but require substantial metabolic resources to fuel antibody production by tissue-resident plasma cells. Here, we demonstrate that IgA responses are subject to diurnal regulation over the course of a circadian day. Specifically, the magnitude of IgA secretion, as well as the transcriptome of intestinal IgA+ plasma cells, was found to exhibit rhythmicity. Oscillatory IgA responses were found to be entrained by time of feeding and were also found to be in part coordinated by the plasma cell-intrinsic circadian clock via deletion of the master clock gene Arntl. Moreover, reciprocal interactions between the host and microbiota dictated oscillatory dynamics among the commensal microbial community and its associated transcriptional and metabolic activity in an IgA-dependent manner. Together, our findings suggest that circadian networks comprising intestinal IgA, diet, and the microbiota converge to align circadian biology in the intestinal tract and to ensure host-microbial mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A. Penny
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rita G. Domingues
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Z. Krauss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa A.E. Lawson
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanna Dickson
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Parkinson
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine Hurry
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Purse
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emna Jegham
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Miguel Rendas
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | | | - David A. Bechtold
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K. Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E. Gibbs
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R. Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Foxx CL, Nagy MR, King AE, Albin D, DeKrey GK. TCDD exposure alters fecal IgA concentrations in male and female mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:25. [PMID: 35449084 PMCID: PMC9026712 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can alter diurnal rhythms including those for innate lymphoid cell numbers, cytokine and hormone levels, and feeding behaviors. Because immune responses and antibody levels are modulated by exposure to AhR agonists, we hypothesized that some of the variation previously reported for the effects of AhR activation on fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels could be explained by dysregulation of the diurnal sIgA rhythm. Methods C57Bl/6 J mice were exposed to peanut oil or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 10 or 40 μg/Kg) and fecal sIgA levels were determined in samples collected every 4 h over 4 days. Results Fecal sIgA concentrations were not significantly different between light and dark phases of the photoperiod in either male or female mice, and there were no significant circadian rhythms observed, but TCDD exposure significantly altered both fecal mesor sIgA and serum IgA concentrations, in parallel, in male (increased) and female (biphasic) mice. Conclusions AhR activation can contribute to the regulation of steady state IgA/sIgA concentrations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00563-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Foxx
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Madeline R Nagy
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Aspen E King
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Dreycey Albin
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Gregory K DeKrey
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA.
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Wang H, Liu S, Li J, Wang L, Wang X, Zhao J, Jiao H, Lin H. 5-Hydroxytryptophan Suppresses the Abdominal Fat Deposit and Is Beneficial to the Intestinal Immune Function in Broilers. Front Physiol 2020; 11:655. [PMID: 32595527 PMCID: PMC7304481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serotonin (5-HT), a monoaminergic neurotransmitter, involves in the regulation of many physiological functions. In the present study, the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the precursor of 5-HT, on lipid metabolism and intestinal immune function in broiler chickens were investigated in chickens. Methods Two hundred broilers were divided randomly into two groups and fed separately with a corn-soybean basal diet (CD) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% 5-HTP. Results The results showed that 5-HTP reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake and the abdominal fat pad weight. 5-HTP treatment tended to upregulate the mRNA level of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADP1R) and ADP2R in abdominal fat but had no significant influence on their protein levels (P > 0.05). In 5-HTP-chickens, lipopolysaccharide exposure decreased secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations in serum and the duodenal contents. Expression of mRNA encoding interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) decreased after 5-HTP treatment; however, LPS increased expression significantly in 5-HTP-treated chickens compared with CD chickens. In 5-HTP-chickens, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were reduced, but the phosphorylation of ribosomal p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) was increased in the duodenum. Conclusion In summary, the result suggests that dietary 5-HTP supplementation reduces accumulation of abdominal fat and is beneficial to intestinal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Schaut RG, Boggiatto PM, Loving CL, Sharma VK. Cellular and Mucosal Immune Responses Following Vaccination with Inactivated Mutant of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6401. [PMID: 31024031 PMCID: PMC6483982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) can cause mild to severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Cattle are the primary reservoir for O157, which colonizes the intestinal tract without inducing any overt clinical symptoms. Parenteral vaccination can reduce O157 shedding in cattle after challenge and limit zoonotic transmission to humans, although the impact of vaccination and vaccine formulation on cellular and mucosal immune responses are undetermined. To better characterize the cattle immune response to O157 vaccination, cattle were vaccinated with either water-in-oil-adjuvanted, formalin-inactivated hha deletion mutant of Shiga toxin 2 negative (stx2-) O157 (Adj-Vac); non-adjuvanted (NoAdj-Vac); or non-vaccinated (NoAdj-NoVac) and peripheral T cell and mucosal antibody responses assessed. Cattle in Adj-Vac group had a higher percentage of O157-specific IFNγ producing CD4+ and γδ+ T cells in recall assays compared to the NoAdj-Vac group. Furthermore, O157-specific IgA levels detected in feces of the Adj-Vac group were significantly lower in NoAdj-Vac group. Extracts prepared only from Adj-Vac group feces blocked O157 adherence to epithelial cells. Taken together, these data suggest parenteral administration of adjuvanted, inactivated whole-cell vaccines for O157 can induce O157-specific cellular and mucosal immune responses that may be an important consideration for a successful vaccination scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Schaut
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paola M Boggiatto
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Crystal L Loving
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA. .,Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA.
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Gombert M, Carrasco-Luna J, Pin-Arboledas G, Codoñer-Franch P. The connection of circadian rhythm to inflammatory bowel disease. Transl Res 2019; 206:107-118. [PMID: 30615844 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of chronic, immune system-mediated inflammatory diseases that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of the intestinal lesions in IBD remains elusive, but the inflammation process could be the result of dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems induced by genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, research has demonstrated a connection between environmental stressors that can influence day-night variations, also called circadian rhythms, and digestive health. In this review, we focus on alterations in the complex interactions between intestinal mucosa, microbial factors, and the immune response in the intestinal milieu. We introduce the mechanisms that establish circadian rhythms and their regulation by the circadian rhythm genes. Evidence of circadian variation in the defense mechanisms of the intestine and its implication in the maintenance of a healthy microbiota are presented. Disruption of the circadian system can increase the activity of the gut immune system and the release of inflammatory factors. The link between chronodisruption or circadian rhythm impairment and IBD demonstrated by experimental and clinical studies illustrates the potential impact of circadian rhythms on treatment of these diseases. Future studies that investigate aspects of this subject are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gombert
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - Joaquín Carrasco-Luna
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pin-Arboledas
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Unit, Hospital Quironsalud, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
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