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Acharya SM, Yee MO, Diamond S, Andeer PF, Baig NF, Aladesanmi OT, Northen TR, Banfield JF, Chakraborty R. Fine scale sampling reveals early differentiation of rhizosphere microbiome from bulk soil in young Brachypodium plant roots. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:54. [PMID: 37280433 PMCID: PMC10244434 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For a deeper and comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of rhizosphere microbiomes, we need to focus at the scale of individual roots in standardized growth containers. Root exudation patterns are known to vary along distinct parts of the root even in juvenile plants giving rise to spatially distinct microbial niches. To address this, we analyzed the microbial community from two spatially distinct zones of the developing primary root (tip and base) in young Brachypodium distachyon grown in natural soil using standardized fabricated ecosystems known as EcoFABs as well as in more conventional pot and tubes. 16S rRNA based community analysis showed a strong rhizosphere effect resulting in significant enrichment of several OTUs belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. However, microbial community composition did not differ between root tips and root base or across different growth containers. Functional analysis of bulk metagenomics revealed significant differences between root tips and bulk soil. The genes associated with different metabolic pathways and root colonization were enriched in root tips. On the other hand, genes associated with nutrient-limitation and environmental stress were prominent in the bulk soil compared to root tips, implying the absence of easily available, labile carbon and nutrients in bulk soil relative to roots. Such insights into the relationships between developing root and microbial communities are critical for judicious understanding of plant-microbe interactions in early developmental stages of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha M Acharya
- Department of Ecology, Earth & Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mon Oo Yee
- Department of Ecology, Earth & Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Spencer Diamond
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter F Andeer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nameera F Baig
- Department of Ecology, Earth & Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Omolara T Aladesanmi
- Department of Ecology, Earth & Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jillian F Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Romy Chakraborty
- Department of Ecology, Earth & Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Bomfim NCP, Aguilar JV, Ferreira TC, de Souza LA, Camargos LS. Could nitrogen compounds be indicators of tolerance to high doses of Cu and Fe in the cultivation of Leucaena leucocephala? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:489-498. [PMID: 36512983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism and the production of primary and secondary metabolites vary according to biotic and abiotic factors such as trace elements (TE) stress, and can, therefore, be considered biomarkers. The present study evaluated the effect of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) TE, separately, on the metabolism of nitrogen compounds and biomass production, partitioned into shoot and roots of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., and identified possible defense mechanisms linked to nitrogen metabolism. At 120 days of cultivation, the biomass production of L. leucocephala was higher when exposed to excess Fe than Cu. Nonetheless, the biomass gain (%) of plants exposed to Cu was higher, especially the biomass gains in roots. The tolerance and biomass production of L. leucocephala is related to the regulation of nitrogen metabolism and production of secondary metabolites. The biochemistry of plant metabolism against the excess of Cu and Fe TE manifested similarly, but with some specifics regarding the chemical nature of each metal. There was a reduction in the content of ureides and proteins and an increase in amino acids in the roots in relation to the increase in Cu and Fe concentrations. There was low accumulation of proline in the roots in treatments 400 and 500 mg/dm3 compared to the control for both TE. On the other hand, the total phenolic compounds in the roots increased. Our results indicate that the increased synthesis of amino acids and the accumulation of phenolic compounds is involved in the tolerance of L. leucocephala to Cu and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane Cristina Pires Bomfim
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira. Plant Metabolism Physiology Laboratory. Rua Monção, 226, Rua Monção, 226, Zona Norte, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil.
| | - Jailson Vieira Aguilar
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira. Plant Metabolism Physiology Laboratory. Rua Monção, 226, Rua Monção, 226, Zona Norte, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Tassia Caroline Ferreira
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira. Plant Metabolism Physiology Laboratory. Rua Monção, 226, Rua Monção, 226, Zona Norte, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil
| | | | - Liliane Santos Camargos
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira. Plant Metabolism Physiology Laboratory. Rua Monção, 226, Rua Monção, 226, Zona Norte, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil.
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Tisarum R, Pongprayoon W, Sithtisarn S, Sampumphuang T, Sotesaritkul T, Datta A, Singh HP, Cha-Um S. Expression levels of genes involved in metal homeostasis, physiological adaptation, and growth characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under Fe and/or Al toxicity. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1013-1028. [PMID: 34714403 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acid sulphate soil contains high amounts of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al), and their contamination has been reported as major problems, especially in rainfed and irrigated lowland paddy fields. Rice is sensitive to Fe and Al grown in acid soil (pH < 5.5), leading to growth inhibition and grain yield loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate Fe and/or Al uptake, translocation, physiological adaptation, metal toxicity, and growth inhibition in rice genotypes grown in acid soil. Fe and Al in the root tissues of all rice genotypes were enriched depending on the exogenous application of either Fe or Al in the soil solution, leading to root growth inhibition, especially in the KDML105 genotype. Expression level of OsYSL1 in KDML105 was increased in relation to metal uptake into root tissues, whereas OsVIT2 was downregulated, leading to Fe (50.3 mg g-1 DW or 13.1 folds over the control) and Al (4.8 mg g-1 DW or 2.2 folds over the control) translocation to leaf tissues. Consequently, leaf greenness (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) in the leaf tissues of genotype KDML105 under Fe + Al toxicity significantly declined by 28.4%, 35.3%, 55.6%, and 51.6% over the control, respectively. In Azucena (AZU; Fe/Al tolerant), there was a rapid uptake of Fe and Al by OsYSL1 expression in the root tissues, but a limited secretion into vacuole organelles by OsVIT2, leading to a maintenance of low level of toxicity driven by an enhanced accumulation of glutathione together with downregulation of OsGR expression level. In addition, Fe and Al restrictions in the root tissues of genotype RD35 were evident; therefore, crop stress index (CSI) of Fe + Al-treated plants was the maximum, leading to an inhibition of gs (53.6% over the control) and E (49.0% over the control). Consequently, free proline, total phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid in the leaf tissues of rice under Fe + Al toxicity significantly increased by 3.2, 1.2, and 1.5 folds over the control, respectively, indicating their functions in non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. Moreover, physiological parameters including leaf temperature (Tleaf) increment, high level of CSI (>0.6), SPAD reduction, photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) diminution, Pn, gs, and E inhibition in rice genotype IR64 (Fe/Al-sensitive) under Fe + Al treatment were clearly demonstrated as good indicators of metal-induced toxicity. Our results on Fe- and/or Al-tolerant screening to find out the candidate genotypes will contribute to present screening and breeding efforts, which in turn help increase rice production in the Fe/Al-contaminated acid soil under lowland conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wasinee Pongprayoon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand
| | - Sayamon Sithtisarn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Sampumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Sotesaritkul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Avishek Datta
- Agricultural Systems and Engineering, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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