CITED1 as a marker of favourable outcome in anti-endocrine treated, estrogen-receptor positive, lymph-node negative breast cancer

CITED1 expression in odontogenic cysts

BACKGROUND

Originating from odontogenic tissue, Odontogenic cysts are pathological cavities lined with epithelial cells and surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. This study investigated expression of CITED1 protein in different types of odontogenic cysts.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

40 keratocysts, 40 radicular cysts, and 40 dentigerous cysts were excised and processed for routine paraffin wax embedding protocol. Macroscopic and panoramic radiographies images were used for diagnosis. Demographical properties and dental parameters were recorded. Cystic tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin dye and CITED1 antibody. Semi-quantitative analysis was performed for immune staining. The protein-protein interaction network, hub gene detection and KEGG analysis were conducted using Cytoscape software.

RESULT

Odontogenic keratocysts was imaged with 6-8 layered epithelial cells and fibrous cyst walls with inflammatory cells. Radicular cysts had stratified squamous epithelium with varying thickness, ciliated cells, and Rushton hyaline bodies. Dentigerous cysts presented hyperplastic non-keratinized epithelium, fibrous tissue, rete ridges, and inflammatory cells. CITED1 immunoexpression was highest in odontogenic keratocysts, followed by radicular cysts, and lowest in dentigerous cysts. Nuclear and cytoplasmic CITED1 expression was significantly elevated in odontogenic keratocysts compared to radicular and dentigerous cysts. The top five targets of CITED1 were identified, primarily showing enrichment in hormone and cancer related pathways.

CONCLUSIONS

Positive CITED1 expression in all three types of odontogenic cysts suggest a potential role for CITED1 in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts, particularly in keratocysts. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying the differential expression of CITED1 and its implications for the development and progression of odontogenic cysts.

Roles and signaling pathways of CITED1 in tumors: overview and novel insights

CBP/p300 interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 (CITED1) is a transcriptional activator belonging to the non-DNA-binding transcription co-regulator family. It regulates diverse pathways, including the transforming growth factor/bone morphogenetic protein/SMAD, estrogen, Wnt-β-catenin, and androgen-AR signaling pathways, by binding to CBP/p300 co-activators through its conserved transactivation domain CR2. CITED1 plays an important role in embryonic development and a certain regulatory role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. In this article, the biological characteristics, expression regulation, participating signaling pathways, and potential roles of CITED1 in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors are reviewed.