1
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Xie L, Song X, Lei L, Chen C, Zhao H, Hu J, Yu Y, Bai X, Wu X, Li X, Yang X, Yuan B, Li D, Zhu X, Zhang X. Exploring the potential mechanism of Heng-Gu-Gu-Shang-Yu-He-Ji therapy for osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117480. [PMID: 37995823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Heng-Gu-Gu-Shang-Yu-He-Ji (Osteoking, OK) is a well-known formula for fracture therapy. In clinic, OK is effective in treating fractures while alleviating osteoporosis (OP) symptoms. However, active components of OK and the associated molecular mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to systematically evaluate the anti-osteoporosis efficacy of OK and for the first time combine network pharmacology with high-throughput whole gene transcriptome sequencing to study its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the osteoporosis model was established by the castration of both ovaries. The level of serum bone turnover factor was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Micro-CT and HE staining were used to observe the changes of bone histopathology, and nano-indentation technique was used to detect the biomechanical properties of rat bone. The main active Chemical components of OK were identified using UPLC-DAD. Efficacy verification and mechanism exploration were conducted by network pharmacology, molecular docking, whole gene transcriptomics and in vivo experiments. RESULTS In our study, OK significantly improved bone microarchitecture and bone biomechanical parameters in OVX rats, reduced osteoclast indexes such as C-telopeptide of type I collage (CTX-I) and increased Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) levels. Mechanistically, PI3K/AKT pathway was a common pathway for genome enrichment analysis (KEGG) of both network pharmacology and RNA-seq studies. G protein-β-like protein (GβL), Ribosomal-protein S6 kinase homolog 2 (S6K2), and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) appeared differentially expression in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. These results were also confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS OK may be used to treat osteoporosis, at least partly by activating PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbi Xie
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) School of Pharmacy, Chengdu, 610041, China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xu Song
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) School of Pharmacy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaolu Bai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangfeng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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2
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Klemmer VA, Khera N, Siegenthaler BM, Bhattacharya I, Weber FE, Ghayor C. Effect of N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NVP), a Bromodomain-Binding Small Chemical, on Osteoblast and Osteoclast Differentiation and Its Potential Application for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011052. [PMID: 34681710 PMCID: PMC8541071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skeleton is a dynamic and remarkably organized organ system that provides mechanical support and performs a variety of additional functions. Bone tissue undergoes constant remodeling; an essential process to adapt architecture/resistance to growth and mechanical needs, but also to repair fractures and micro-damages. Despite bone's ability to heal spontaneously, certain situations require an additional stimulation of bone regeneration, such as non-union fractures or after tumor resection. Among the growth factors used to increase bone regeneration, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) is certainly the best described and studied. If clinically used in high quantities, BMP2 is associated with various adverse events, including fibrosis, overshooting bone formation, induction of inflammation and swelling. In previous studies, we have shown that it was possible to reduce BMP2 doses significantly, by increasing the response and sensitivity to it with small molecules called "BMP2 enhancers". In the present study, we investigated the effect of N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in vitro and guided bone regeneration in vivo. We showed that NVP increases BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation and decreases RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in a rabbit calvarial defect model, the histomorphometric analysis revealed that bony bridging and bony regenerated area achieved with NVP-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) membranes were significantly higher compared to unloaded membranes. Taken together, our results suggest that NVP sensitizes BMP2-dependent pathways, enhances BMP2 effect, and inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Thus, NVP could prove useful as "osteopromotive substance" in situations where a high rate of bone regeneration is required, and in the management of bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption, like osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane A. Klemmer
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.K.); (N.K.); (B.M.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Nupur Khera
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.K.); (N.K.); (B.M.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Barbara M. Siegenthaler
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.K.); (N.K.); (B.M.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.K.); (N.K.); (B.M.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.K.); (N.K.); (B.M.S.); (I.B.)
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.E.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.A.K.); (N.K.); (B.M.S.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: (F.E.W.); (C.G.)
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3
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Khera N, Ghayor C, Pavlova E, Atanassova N, Weber FE. Exposure to the bromodomain inhibitor N-methyl pyrrolidone blocks spermatogenesis in a hormonal and non-hormonal fashion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 423:115568. [PMID: 33965371 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) is an FDA approved molecule used as an excipient in pharmaceutical industry. Besides having a central role in formulation of drugs, the most important function of any excipient is to guarantee the safety of the medicine during and after its administration. Several studies have shown that exposure to NMP and especially in rats produce a gonadotoxic effect leading to infertility. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of NMP on male reproduction are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the reproductive toxicity of NMP in male rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally, twice/ week, at a dose of 108 mg/ 100 g of body weight with NMP. Analysis of reproductive parameters revealed testicular atrophy in NMP treated animals compared to control animals. Germ cell composition within the seminiferous tubules was disturbed and manifested in an increase in number of cells with fragmented DNA. A subsequent decrease in number of spermatocytes and spermatids was observed. Alpha screen assay shows that NMP acts at the concentrations we applied in vivo as a low affinity inhibitor for BRDT (testis specific bromodomain protein). BRDT inhibition is mirrored by a significant decrease in the expression of early stage spermatocyte markers (lmna, aurkc and ccna1), during which BRDT expression predominates. A significant decrease in testosterone levels was also observed. Since NMP interferes with spermatogenesis on various levels, its use in humans must be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Khera
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Franz E Weber
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland; CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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4
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Li L, Xie W, Gui Y, Zheng XL. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 and its role in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4829-4840. [PMID: 33345363 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a chromatin-binding protein, is involved in the development of various tumors. Recent evidence suggests that BRD4 also plays a significant role in cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes the roles of BRD4 as a potential regulator of various pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular diseases, implicating that BRD4 may be a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Gui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Substituted 1-methyl-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-ones – Fragment-based design of N-methylpyrrolidone-derived bromodomain inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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6
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Cheng YH, Dong JC, Bian Q. Small molecules for mesenchymal stem cell fate determination. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1084-1103. [PMID: 31875870 PMCID: PMC6904864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes in vitro, and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo. The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage. Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases, including aging, osteoporosis, and insulin resistance. Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs, for instance, genistein, medicarpin, and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment; isorhamnetin, risedronate, and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis; and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination. We highlight the underlying mechanisms, including direct regulation, epigenetic modification, and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK, MAPK, Notch, PI3K/AKT, Hedgehog signaling pathways etc. and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials. The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation, adipose tissue homeostasis, and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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7
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Hilton-Proctor J, Ilyichova O, Zheng Z, Jennings I, Johnstone R, Shortt J, Mountford S, Scanlon M, Thompson P. Synthesis and elaboration of N-methylpyrrolidone as an acetamide fragment substitute in bromodomain inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Bhattacharya I, Ghayor C, Pérez Dominguez A, Weber FE. N,N-Dimethlyacetamide Prevents the High-Fat Diet-Induced Increase in Body Weight. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1274. [PMID: 31736755 PMCID: PMC6832025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased body weight caused by visceral fat accumulation is on the rise and is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Hence, means and ways to tackle the problem of increased adiposity is of utmost importance. In this work, we report the effect of a water-soluble small molecule N,N-Dimethlyacetamide (DMA) on weight gain and adiposity in vitro and in vivo. To monitor the in vitro effect of DMA on adipogenesis, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and pluripotent C2C12 cells were differentiated to adipocytes in the presence of DMA (5 mM and 10 mM). Oil red O staining and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the differentiation to adipocytes. To study the in vivo effect of DMA on body weight, experiments were done with C57BL/6J male mice (6 weeks old). The mice were randomly assigned to receive either high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat) or a normal diet (7% fat) and were either intraperitoneally injected with DMA or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) once a week for 20 weeks. Glucose tolerance test was performed on living mice. Post-experiment, the epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue were excised from the sacrificed animal, and histology, RT-PCR and plasma triglyceride assay were performed. DMA had no inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation when applied only once. However, sustained treatment with DMA inhibited the adipocyte differentiation in both 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells, and significantly lowered the expression of adipocyte markers, in particular, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (fabp4). Under HFD, C57BL/6J mice treated with DMA had lower body weight compared with PBS treatment. Moreover, the HFD-induced higher body weight was controlled when the mice were switched from PBS to DMA treatment. Further, the HFD-mediated adipocyte hypertrophy from epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly reduced with DMA treatment. Interestingly, the glucose clearance and triglyceride levels in the plasma were improved in mice when DMA treatment was initiated early. Taken together, our results show that DMA exhibits a clear potential to prevent weight gain and restricts adiposity in response to high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Bhattacharya
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Pérez Dominguez
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Chen TH, Weber FE, Malina-Altzinger J, Ghayor C. Epigenetic drugs as new therapy for tumor necrosis factor-α-compromised bone healing. Bone 2019; 127:49-58. [PMID: 31152802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired bone regeneration by excess inflammation leads to failure of bone healing. Current therapies display limited benefits making new treatments imperative. Our recent discoveries of the anti-inflammatory characteristics of bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) inhibitors, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), implicate possible therapeutic use of epigenetic drugs in inflammation-impaired bone healing. Here, we investigated the effects of NMP and DMA on osteogenesis in vitro and ex vivo under the influence of TNFα, a key cytokine responsible for impaired fracture healing. NMP and DMA pre-treatment recovered TNFα-inhibited expression of essential osteoblastic genes, Alp, Runx2, and Osterix as well as mineralization in multipotent stem cells, but not in pre-osteoblasts and calvarial osteoblasts. The mechanism of action involves the recovery of TNFα-suppressed BMP-induced Smad signaling and the reduction of TNFα-triggered ERK pathway. In addition, ERK inhibitor treatment diminished the effect of TNFα on osteogenesis, which reinforces the role of ERK pathway in the adverse effect of TNFα. Furthermore, endochondral ossification was analyzed in an ex vivo bone culture model. TNFα largely abrogated BMP-promoted growth of mineralized bone while pre-treatment of NMP and DMA prevented the deleterious effect of TNFα. Taken together, these data shed light on developing low- affinity epigenetic drugs as new therapies for inflammation-compromised bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Hsiang Chen
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland; CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johann Malina-Altzinger
- Limmat Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Zürich MKG, Hardturmstrasse 133, 8005 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
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10
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Liu Z, Wang P, Chen H, Wold EA, Tian B, Brasier AR, Zhou J. Drug Discovery Targeting Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4533-4558. [PMID: 28195723 PMCID: PMC5464988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
BRD4,
the most extensively studied member of the BET family, is
an epigenetic regulator that localizes to DNA via binding to acetylated
histones and controls the expression of therapeutically important
gene regulatory networks through the recruitment of transcription
factors to form mediator complexes, phosphorylating RNA polymerase
II, and by its intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. Disrupting
the protein–protein interactions between BRD4 and acetyl-lysine
has been shown to effectively block cell proliferation in cancer,
cytokine production in acute inflammation, and so forth. To date,
significant efforts have been devoted to the development of BRD4 inhibitors,
and consequently, a dozen have progressed to human clinical trials.
Herein, we summarize the advances in drug discovery and development
of BRD4 inhibitors by focusing on their chemotypes, in vitro and in
vivo activity, selectivity, relevant mechanisms of action, and therapeutic
potential. Opportunities and challenges to achieve selective and efficacious
BRD4 inhibitors as a viable therapeutic strategy for human diseases
are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Eric A Wold
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Bing Tian
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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11
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Ghayor C, Gjoksi B, Dong J, Siegenthaler B, Caflisch A, Weber FE. N,N Dimethylacetamide a drug excipient that acts as bromodomain ligand for osteoporosis treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42108. [PMID: 28176838 PMCID: PMC5296751 DOI: 10.1038/srep42108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) is a water-miscible solvent, FDA approved as excipient and therefore widely used as drug-delivery vehicle. As such, DMA should be devoid of any bioactivity. Here we report that DMA is epigenetically active since it binds bromodomains and inhibits osteoclastogenesis and inflammation. Moreover, DMA enhances bone regeneration in vivo. Therefore, our in vivo and in vitro data reveal DMA's potential as an anti-osteoporotic agent via the inhibition of osteoclast mediated bone resorption and enhanced bone regeneration. Our results highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of DMA and the need for reconsideration of previous reports where DMA was used as an 'inactive' drug-delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bebeka Gjoksi
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Siegenthaler
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland.,CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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