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Rajalingam A, Ganjiwale A. Identification of common genetic factors and immune-related pathways associating more than two autoimmune disorders: implications on risk, diagnosis, and treatment. Genomics Inform 2024; 22:10. [PMID: 38956704 PMCID: PMC11221123 DOI: 10.1186/s44342-024-00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are chronic conditions resulting from failure or breakdown of immunological tolerance, resulting in the host immune system attacking its cells or tissues. Recent studies report shared effects, mechanisms, and evolutionary origins among ADs; however, the possible factors connecting them are unknown. This study attempts to identify gene signatures commonly shared between different autoimmune disorders and elucidate their molecular pathways linking the pathogenesis of these ADs using an integrated gene expression approach. We employed differential gene expression analysis across 19 datasets of whole blood/peripheral blood cell samples with five different autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, and type 1 diabetes) to get nine key genes-EGR1, RUNX3, SMAD7, NAMPT, S100A9, S100A8, CYBB, GATA2, and MCEMP1 that were primarily involved in cell and leukocyte activation, leukocyte mediated immunity, IL-17, AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications, prion disease, and NOD-like receptor signaling confirming its role in immune-related pathways. Combined with biological interpretations such as gene ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, our current study sheds light on the in-depth research on early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of different ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Rajalingam
- Department of Life Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560056, India
| | - Anjali Ganjiwale
- Department of Life Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560056, India.
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2
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Ricker K, Cheng V, Hsieh CJ, Tsai FC, Osborne G, Li K, Yilmazer-Musa M, Sandy MS, Cogliano VJ, Schmitz R, Sun M. Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Bisphenol A. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:253-290. [PMID: 38204208 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231225161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The ten key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens are based on characteristics of known human carcinogens and encompass many types of endpoints. We propose that an objective review of the large amount of cancer mechanistic evidence for the chemical bisphenol A (BPA) can be achieved through use of these KCs. A search on metabolic and mechanistic data relevant to the carcinogenicity of BPA was conducted and web-based software tools were used to screen and organize the results. We applied the KCs to systematically identify, organize, and summarize mechanistic information for BPA, and to bring relevant carcinogenic mechanisms into focus. For some KCs with very large data sets, we utilized reviews focused on specific endpoints. Over 3000 studies for BPA from various data streams (exposed humans, animals, in vitro and cell-free systems) were identified. Mechanistic data relevant to each of the ten KCs were identified, with receptor-mediated effects, epigenetic alterations, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation being especially data rich. Reactive and bioactive metabolites are also associated with a number of KCs. This review demonstrates how the KCs can be applied to evaluate mechanistic data, especially for data-rich chemicals. While individual entities may have different approaches for the incorporation of mechanistic data in cancer hazard identification, the KCs provide a practical framework for conducting an objective examination of the available mechanistic data without a priori assumptions on mode of action. This analysis of the mechanistic data available for BPA suggests multiple and inter-connected mechanisms through which this chemical can act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ricker
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Cheng
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Chingyi Jennifer Hsieh
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Feng C Tsai
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Osborne
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kate Li
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meltem Yilmazer-Musa
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Martha S Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Vincent J Cogliano
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rose Schmitz
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Fan L, Wang H, Ben S, Cheng Y, Chen S, Ding Z, Zhao L, Li S, Wang M, Cheng G. Genetic variant in a BaP-activated super-enhancer increases prostate cancer risk by promoting AhR-mediated FAM227A expression. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:149-162. [PMID: 38410974 PMCID: PMC11001591 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in super-enhancers (SEs) are increasingly implicated as a disease risk-driving mechanism. Previous studies have reported an associations between benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure and some malignant tumor risk. Currently, it is unclear whether BaP is involved in the effect of genetic variants in SEs on prostate cancer risk, nor the associated intrinsic molecular mechanisms. In the current study, by using logistic regression analysis, we found that rs5750581T>C in 22q-SE was significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (odds ratio = 1.26, P = 7.61 × 10 -5). We also have found that the rs6001092T>G, in a high linkage disequilibrium with rs5750581T>C ( r 2 = 0.98), is located in a regulatory aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) motif and may interact with the FAM227A promoter in further bioinformatics analysis. We then performed a series of functional and BaP acute exposure experiments to assess biological function of the genetic variant and the target gene. Biologically, the rs6001092-G allele strengthened the transcription factor binding affinity to AhR, thereby upregulating FAM227A, especially upon exposure to BaP, which induced the malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer. The current study highlights that AhR acts as an environmental sensor of BaP and is involved in the SE-mediated prostate cancer risk, which may provide new insights into the etiology of prostate cancer associated with the inherited SE variants under environmental carcinogen stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Fan
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Shuai Ben
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Silu Chen
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zhutao Ding
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lingyan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Sabry R, May DR, Favetta LA. The relationship between miR-21, DNA methylation, and bisphenol a in bovine COCs and granulosa cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1294541. [PMID: 38033863 PMCID: PMC10684922 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1294541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: miR-21 is a critical microRNA for the regulation of various processes in oocytes and granulosa cells. It is involved in the modulation of apoptosis and can influence other epigenetic mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, DNA methylation holds significant importance, particularly during female gametogenesis. Evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs, including miR-21, can regulate DNA methylation. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread chemical that disrupts oocyte maturation and granulosa cell function. Recent findings suggested that BPA can act through epigenetic pathways, including DNA methylation and microRNAs. Methods: This study uses anti-miR-21 LNAs to explore the involvement of miR-21 in the regulation of DNA methylation in bovine Cumulus-Oocyte-Complexes (COCs) and granulosa cells, in the presence and absence of BPA. This study investigated 5 mC/5hmC levels as well as gene expression of various methylation enzymes using qPCR and western blotting. Results and discussion: Results reveal that BPA reduces 5mC levels in granulosa cells but not in COCs, which can be attributed to a decrease in the methylating enzymes DNMT1 and DNMT3A, and an increase in the demethylating enzyme TET2. We observed a significant increase in the protein levels of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and TET2 upon inhibition of miR-21 in both COCs and granulosa cells. These findings directly imply a strong correlation between miR-21 signaling and the regulation of DNA methylation in bovine COCs and granulosa cells under BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura A. Favetta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Rajalingam A, Sekar K, Ganjiwale A. Identification of Potential Genes and Critical Pathways in Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease by Machine Learning And WGCNA Network Analysis. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:84-99. [PMID: 37994325 PMCID: PMC10662376 DOI: 10.2174/1389202924666230601122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the entire gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. These patients often experience a period of symptomatic relapse and remission. A 20 - 30% symptomatic recurrence rate is reported in the first year after surgery, with a 10% increase each subsequent year. Thus, surgery is done only to relieve symptoms and not for the complete cure of the disease. The determinants and the genetic factors of this disease recurrence are also not well-defined. Therefore, enhanced diagnostic efficiency and prognostic outcome are critical for confronting CD recurrence. Methods We analysed ileal mucosa samples collected from neo-terminal ileum six months after surgery (M6=121 samples) from Crohn's disease dataset (GSE186582). The primary aim of this study is to identify the potential genes and critical pathways in post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. We combined the differential gene expression analysis with Recursive feature elimination (RFE), a machine learning approach to get five critical genes for the postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. The features (genes) selected by different methods were validated using five binary classifiers for recurrence and remission samples: Logistic Regression (LR), Decision tree classifier (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest classifier (RF), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) with 10-fold cross-validation. We also performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to select specific modules and feature genes associated with Crohn's disease postoperative recurrence, smoking, and biological sex. Combined with other biological interpretations, including Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, our current study sheds light on the in-depth research of CD diagnosis and prognosis in postoperative recurrence. Results PLOD2, ZNF165, BOK, CX3CR1, and ARMCX4, are the important genes identified from the machine learning approach. These genes are reported to be involved in the viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptors, lysine degradation, and apoptosis. They are also linked with various cellular and molecular functions such as Peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation, Central nervous system maturation, G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity, BCL-2 homology (BH) domain binding, Gliogenesis and negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization. WGCNA identified a gene co-expression module that was primarily involved in mitochondrial translational elongation, mitochondrial translational termination, mitochondrial translation, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, mRNA splicing via spliceosome pathways, etc.; Both the analysis result emphasizes that the mitochondrial depolarization pathway is linked with CD recurrence leading to oxidative stress in promoting inflammation in CD patients. Conclusion These key genes serve as the novel diagnostic biomarker for the postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Thus, among other treatment options present until now, these biomarkers would provide success in both diagnosis and prognosis, aiming for a long-lasting remission to prevent further complications in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Rajalingam
- Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560056, India
| | - Kanagaraj Sekar
- Laboratory for Structural Biology and Bio-computing, Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Anjali Ganjiwale
- Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560056, India
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Mileo A, Chianese T, Fasciolo G, Venditti P, Capaldo A, Rosati L, De Falco M. Effects of Dibutylphthalate and Steroid Hormone Mixture on Human Prostate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14341. [PMID: 37762641 PMCID: PMC10531810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are a family of aromatic chemical compounds mainly used as plasticizers. Among phthalates, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a low-molecular-weight phthalate used as a component of many cosmetic products, such as nail polish, and other perfumed personal care products. DBP has toxic effects on reproductive health, inducing testicular damage and developmental malformations. Inside the male reproductive system, the prostate gland reacts to both male and female sex steroids. For this reason, it represents an important target of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), compounds that are able to affect the estrogen and androgen signaling pathways, thus interfering with prostate homeostasis and inducing several prostate pathologies. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of DBP, alone and in combination with testosterone (T), 17β-estradiol (E2), and both, on the normal PNT1A human prostate cell-derived cell line, to mimic environmental contamination. We showed that DBP and all of the tested mixtures increase cell viability through activation of both estrogen receptor α (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR). DBP modulated steroid receptor levels in a nonmonotonic way, and differently to endogenous hormones. In addition, DBP translocated ERα to the nucleus over different durations and for a more prolonged time than E2, altering the normal responsiveness of prostate cells. However, DBP alone seemed not to influence AR localization, but AR was continuously and persistently activated when DBP was used in combination. Our results show that DBP alone, and in mixture, alters redox homeostasis in prostate cells, leading to a greater increase in cell oxidative susceptibility. In addition, we also demonstrate that DBP increases the migratory potential of PNT1A cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that DBP, alone and in mixtures with endogenous steroid hormones, acts as an EDC, resulting in an altered prostate cell physiology and making these cells more prone to cancer transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Mileo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.C.); (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Teresa Chianese
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.C.); (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.C.); (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.C.); (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Anna Capaldo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.C.); (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.C.); (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.)
- CIRAM, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Ambiente”, University Federico II of Naples, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.C.); (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Schmidhauser M, Hankele AK, Ulbrich SE. Reconsidering "low-dose"-Impacts of oral estrogen exposure during preimplantation embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:445-458. [PMID: 36864780 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations of estrogen signaling during developmental stages of high plasticity may lead to adverse effects later in life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that interfere with the endocrine system by particularly mimicking the action of endogenous estrogens as functional agonists or antagonists. EDCs compose synthetic and naturally occurring compounds discharged into the environment, which may be taken up via skin contact, inhalation, orally due to contaminated food or water, or via the placenta during in utero development. Although estrogens are efficiently metabolized by the liver, the role of circulating glucuro- and/or sulpho-conjugated estrogen metabolites in the body has not been fully addressed to date. Particularly, the role of intracellular cleavage to free functional estrogens could explain the hitherto unknown mode of action of adverse effects of EDC at very low concentrations currently considered safe. We summarize and discuss findings on estrogenic EDC with a focus on early embryonic development to highlight the need for reconsidering low dose effects of EDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Schmidhauser
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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Besaratinia A. The State of Research and Weight of Evidence on the Epigenetic Effects of Bisphenol A. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097951. [PMID: 37175656 PMCID: PMC10178030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical with numerous industrial and consumer applications. BPA is extensively used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The widespread utilities of BPA include its use as internal coating for food and beverage cans, bottles, and food-packaging materials, and as a building block for countless goods of common use. BPA can be released into the environment and enter the human body at any stage during its production, or in the process of manufacture, use, or disposal of materials made from this chemical. While the general population is predominantly exposed to BPA through contaminated food and drinking water, non-dietary exposures through the respiratory system, integumentary system, and vertical transmission, as well as other routes of exposure, also exist. BPA is often classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical as it can act as a xenoestrogen. Exposure to BPA has been associated with developmental, reproductive, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, or immune effects, as well as oncogenic effects. BPA can disrupt the synthesis or clearance of hormones by binding and interfering with biological receptors. BPA can also interact with key transcription factors to modulate regulation of gene expression. Over the past 17 years, an epigenetic mechanism of action for BPA has emerged. This article summarizes the current state of research on the epigenetic effects of BPA by analyzing the findings from various studies in model systems and human populations. It evaluates the weight of evidence on the ability of BPA to alter the epigenome, while also discussing the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Alva-Gallegos R, Carazo A, Mladěnka P. Toxicity overview of endocrine disrupting chemicals interacting in vitro with the oestrogen receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104089. [PMID: 36841273 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oestrogen receptor (ER) from the nuclear receptor family is involved in different physiological processes, which can be affected by multiple xenobiotics. Some of these compounds, such as bisphenols, pesticides, and phthalates, are widespread as consequence of human activities and are commonly present also in human organism. Xenobiotics able to interact with ER and trigger a hormone-like response, are known as endocrine disruptors. In this review, we aim to summarize the available knowledge on products derived from human industrial activity and other xenobiotics reported to interact with ER. ER-disrupting chemicals behave differently towards oestrogen-dependent cell lines than endogenous oestradiol. In low concentrations, they stimulate proliferation, whereas at higher concentrations, are toxic to cells. In addition, most of the knowledge on the topic is based on individual compound testing, and only a few studies assess xenobiotic combinations, which better resemble real circumstances. Confirmation from in vivo models is lacking also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Alva-Gallegos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Ruberto S, Santovito A, Simula ER, Noli M, Manca MA, Sechi LA. Bisphenols induce human genomic damage and modulate HERVs/env expression. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:275-285. [PMID: 36054626 PMCID: PMC9826028 DOI: 10.1002/em.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical, is used in the production of epoxy and polycarbonate resins. Since human exposure to BPA has been associated with increased cancer susceptibility, the market has shifted to products often labeled as "BPA free" containing BPA analogs such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, the European legislation on BPF and BPS is still unclear. This study analyzed the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using in vitro micronucleus assay. Furthermore, it investigated the impact of bisphenols exposure on human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) expression, which is implicated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The micronucleus assay revealed a significant genotoxic effect in peripheral blood cells after exposure to BPA and BPF at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 μg/ml, and to BPS at 0.1 and 0.05 μg/ml. In addition, BPA exposure seems to upregulate the expression of HERVs, while a downregulation was observed after BPF and BPS treatments. Overall, our data showed the toxic effect of BPA and its analogs on circulating cells in the blood and demonstrated that they could modulate the HERVs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ruberto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Elena R. Simula
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Marta Noli
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Maria A. Manca
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
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Bisphenol A replacement chemicals, BPF and BPS, induce protumorigenic changes in human mammary gland organoid morphology and proteome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115308119. [PMID: 35263230 PMCID: PMC8931256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115308119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceBisphenol A (BPA), found in many plastic products, has weak estrogenic effects that can be harmful to human health. Thus, structurally related replacements-bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF)-are coming into wider use with very few data about their biological activities. Here, we compared the effects of BPA, BPS, and BPF on human mammary organoids established from normal breast tissue. BPS disrupted organoid architecture and induced supernumerary branching. At a proteomic level, the bisphenols altered the abundance of common targets and those that were unique to each compound. The latter included proteins linked to tumor-promoting processes. These data highlighted the importance of testing the human health effects of replacements that are structurally related to chemicals of concern.
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12
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Wei S, Tao J, Xu J, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhang N, Zuo L, Jia Z, Chen H, Sun H, Yan Y, Zhang M, Lv H, Kong F, Duan L, Ma Y, Liao M, Xu L, Feng R, Liu G, Project TEWAS, Jiang Y. Ten Years of EWAS. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100727. [PMID: 34382344 PMCID: PMC8529436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) has been applied to analyze DNA methylation variation in complex diseases for a decade, and epigenome as a research target has gradually become a hot topic of current studies. The DNA methylation microarrays, next-generation, and third-generation sequencing technologies have prepared a high-quality platform for EWAS. Here, the progress of EWAS research is reviewed, its contributions to clinical applications, and mainly describe the achievements of four typical diseases. Finally, the challenges encountered by EWAS and make bold predictions for its future development are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wei
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
| | - Junxian Tao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
| | - Xingyu Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Lijiao Zuo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Zhe Jia
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Yubo Yan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Hongchao Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Fanwu Kong
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150001China
| | - Lian Duan
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Ye Ma
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShanxi712100China
| | - Liangde Xu
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
- School of Biomedical EngineeringWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Rennan Feng
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygienePublic Health CollegeHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
| | - Guiyou Liu
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | | | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China
- The EWAS ProjectHarbinChina
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13
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Jing J, Pu Y, Veiga-Lopez A, Lyu L. In Vitro Effects of Emerging Bisphenols on Myocyte Differentiation and Insulin Responsiveness. Toxicol Sci 2021; 178:189-200. [PMID: 32750123 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenols are endocrine disrupting chemicals to which humans are ubiquitously exposed to. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure can lead to insulin resistance. However, the metabolic effects of other emerging bisphenols, such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), are less understood. Because the skeletal muscle is the largest of the insulin target tissues, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 emerging bisphenols (BPS and BPF) on cytotoxicity, proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle cells. We tested this using a dose-response approach in C2C12 mouse and L6 rat myoblast cell lines. The results showed that C2C12 mouse myoblasts were more susceptible to bisphenols compared with L6 rat myoblasts. In both cell lines, bisphenol A was more cytotoxic, followed by BPF and BPS. C2C12 myoblast proliferation was higher upon BPF exposure at the 10-4 M dose and the fusion index was increased after exposure to either BPF or BPS at doses over 10-10 M. Exposure to BPS and BPF also reduced baseline expression of p-AKT (Thr) and p-GSK-3β, but not downstream effectors such as mTOR and glucose transporter-4. In conclusion, at noncytotoxic doses, BPS and BPF can alter myoblast cell proliferation, differentiation, and partially modulate early effectors of the insulin receptor signaling pathway. However, BPS or BPF short-term exposure evaluated here does not result in impaired insulin responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjie Jing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Lihua Lyu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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14
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Ruiz TFR, Taboga SR, Leonel ECR. Molecular mechanisms of mammary gland remodeling: A review of the homeostatic versus bisphenol a disrupted microenvironment. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:1-16. [PMID: 34343637 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland (MG) undergoes critical points of structural changes throughout a woman's life. During the perinatal and pubertal stages, MG develops through growth and differentiation to establish a pre-mature feature. If pregnancy and lactation occur, the epithelial compartment branches and differentiates to create a specialized structure for milk secretion and nurturing of the newborn. However, the ultimate MG modification consists of a regression process aiming to reestablish the smaller and less energy demanding structure until another production cycle happens. The unraveling of these fascinating physiologic cycles has helped the scientific community elucidate aspects of molecular regulation of proliferative and apoptotic events and remodeling of the stromal compartment. However, greater understanding of the hormonal pathways involved in MG developmental stages led to concern that endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), may influence these specific development/involution stages, called "windows of susceptibility". Since it is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, BPA is a ubiquitous chemical present in human everyday life, exerting an estrogenic effect. Thus, descriptions of its deleterious effects on the MG, especially in terms of serum hormone concentrations, hormonal receptor expression, molecular pathways, and epigenetic alterations, have been widely published. Therefore, allied to a didactic description of the main physiological mechanisms involved in different critical points of MG development, the current review provides a summary of key mechanisms by which the endocrine disruptor BPA impacts MG homeostasis at different windows of susceptibility, causing short- and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil; Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Goiânia, Brazil.
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15
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16
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Cheng W, Li X, Yang S, Wang H, Li Y, Feng Y, Wang Y. Low doses of BPF-induced hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells via disrupting the mitochondrial fission upon the interaction between ERβ and calcineurin A-DRP1 signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:409-426. [PMID: 34023961 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) is a replacement to bisphenol A, which has been extensively used in industrial manufacturing. Its wide detection in various human samples raises increasing concern on its safety. Currently, whether a low dose of BPF compromises cardiac function is still unknown. This study provides the first evidence that low-dose BPF can induce cardiac hypertrophy by using cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hES). Non-cytotoxic BPF increased cytosolic Ca 2+ influx ([Ca2+ ]c), which was most remarkable at low dose (7 ng/ml) rather than at higher doses. Significant changes in the morphological parameters of mitochondria and significant decreases in ATP production were induced by 7 ng/ml BPF, representing a classic hypertrophic cardiomyocyte. After eliminating the direct effects on mitochondrial fission-related DRP1 by administration of the DRP1 inhibitor Mdivi-1, we examined the changes in [Ca 2+ ]c levels induced by BPF, which enhanced the calcineurin (Cn) activity and induced the abnormal mitochondrial fission via the CnAβ-DRP1 signaling pathway. BPF triggered excessive Ca 2+ influx by disrupting the L-type Ca 2+channel in cardiomyocytes. The interaction between ERβ and CnAβ cooperatively involved in the BPF-induced Ca 2+ influx, which resulted in the abnormal mitochondrial fission and compromised the cardiac function. Our findings provide a feasible molecular mechanism for explaining low-dose BPF-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vitro, preliminarily suggesting that BPF may not be as safe as assumed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200025
| | - Xiaolan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200025
| | - Shoufei Yang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200025
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200025
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200025
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200025
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200025. .,The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200011. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200025.
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17
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McDonough CM, Xu HS, Guo TL. Toxicity of bisphenol analogues on the reproductive, nervous, and immune systems, and their relationships to gut microbiome and metabolism: insights from a multi-species comparison. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:283-300. [PMID: 33949917 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1908224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are common chemicals found in plastics and epoxy resins. Over the past decades, many studies have shown that bisphenol A (BPA) is a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical that may cause multisystem toxicity. However, the relative safety of BPA analogues is a controversial subject. Herein, we conducted a review of the reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, metabolic toxicity and gut microbiome toxicity of the BPA analogues in various species, including Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, turtles, sheep, rodents, and humans. In addition, the mechanisms of action were discussed with focus on bisphenol S and bisphenol F. It was found that these BPA analogues exert their toxic effects on different organs and systems through various mechanisms including epigenetic modifications and effects on cell signaling pathways, microbiome, and metabolome in different species. More research is needed to study the relative toxicity of the lesser-known BPA analogues compared to BPA, both systemically and organ specifically, and to better define the underlying mechanisms of action, in particular, the potentials of disrupting microbiome and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie M McDonough
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah Shibo Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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18
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Winz C, Suh N. Understanding the Mechanistic Link between Bisphenol A and Cancer Stem Cells: A Cancer Prevention Perspective. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:18-24. [PMID: 33842402 PMCID: PMC8020171 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), have become more frequently present in the environment as contaminants, especially in industrialized countries. Long-term effects of these environmental contaminants in humans are elusive. With their structural similarity to estrogen, many environmental contaminants including BPA, have been shown to mimic the biological functions of estrogen, potentially contributing to the development of breast cancer. It has been well established that BPA exerts estrogenic activity in animal models and in vitro systems. There is a concern for adverse effects from the exposure to BPA in regard to developmental and reproductive toxicities. However, the mechanisms by which BPA promotes breast cancer development remain unknown. Understanding the role of endocrine disruptors and their key mechanisms of action is important for public health, especially by providing a foundation for a better intervention approach in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Winz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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19
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Oldenburg J, Fürhacker M, Hartmann C, Steinbichl P, Banaderakhshan R, Haslberger A. Different bisphenols induce non-monotonous changes in miRNA expression and LINE-1 methylation in two cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2021; 7:dvab011. [PMID: 34858639 PMCID: PMC8633614 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol A, BPA), a chemical substance that is widely used mainly as a monomer in the production of polycarbonates, in epoxy resins, and in thermal papers, is suspected to cause epigenetic modifications with potentially toxic consequences. Due to its negative health effects, BPA is banned in several products and is replaced by other bisphenols such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F. The present study examined the effects of BPA, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, p,p'-oxybisphenol, and the BPA metabolite BPA β-d-glucuronide on the expression of a set of microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as long interspersed nuclear element-1 methylation in human lung fibroblast and Caco-2 cells. The results demonstrated a significant modulation of the expression of different miRNAs in both cell lines including miR-24, miR-155, miR-21, and miR-146a, known for their regulatory functions of cell cycle, metabolism, and inflammation. At concentrations between 0.001 and 10 µg/ml, especially the data of miR-155 and miR-24 displayed non-monotonous and often significant dose-response curves that were U- or bell-shaped for different substances. Additionally, BPA β-d-glucuronide also exerted significant changes in the miRNA expression. miRNA prediction analysis indicated effects on multiple molecular pathways with relevance for toxicity. Besides, long interspersed nuclear element-1 methylation, a marker for the global DNA methylation status, was significantly modulated by two concentrations of BPA and p,p'-oxybisphenol. This pilot study suggests that various bisphenols, including BPA β-d-glucuronide, affect epigenetic mechanisms, especially miRNAs. These results should stimulate extended toxicological studies of multiple bisphenols and a potential use of miRNAs as markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oldenburg
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maria Fürhacker
- Department of WAU, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | | | | | - Rojin Banaderakhshan
- Department of WAU, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Alexander Haslberger
- **Correspondence address. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), Vienna 1090, Austria. Tel: +4369912211212; E-mail:
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20
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Stillwater BJ, Bull AC, Romagnolo DF, Neumayer LA, Donovan MG, Selmin OI. Bisphenols and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review of the Impact of Diet and Bioactive Food Components. Front Nutr 2020; 7:581388. [PMID: 33330580 PMCID: PMC7710764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.581388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from preclinical studies suggest a link between increased risk of breast cancer and exposure to bisphenols at doses below what the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers as safe for consumption. Bisphenols exert estrogenic effects and are found in canned and plastic wrapped foods, food packaging, and plasticware. Mechanistically, bisphenols bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) and activate the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation and breast cancer. In this paper, we present a narrative literature review addressing bisphenol A and chemical analogs including bisphenol AF, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S selected as prototype xenoestrogens; then, we discuss biological mechanisms of action of these bisphenols in breast cells and potential impact of exposure at different stages of development (i.e., perinatal, peripubertal, and adult). Finally, we summarize studies detailing interactions, both preventative and promoting, of bisphenols with food components on breast cancer risk. We conclude the review with a discussion of current controversies in interpretation of the above research and future areas for investigation, including the impact of bisphenols and food components on breast tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Stillwater
- Department of Surgery, Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ashleigh C Bull
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Leigh A Neumayer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Micah G Donovan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
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21
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Awada Z, Nasr R, Akika R, Ghantous A, Hou L, Zgheib NK. Effect of bisphenols on telomerase expression and activity in breast cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3541-3549. [PMID: 32333245 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer of polycarbonates and resins, was shown to induce the expression of telomerase enzyme which has been associated with breast cancer development and progression. However, the effects of BPA analogues, bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) on telomere-linked pathway have not been evaluated. Herein, MCF-7 (estrogen receptor (ER)-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) cells were treated with BPA, BPF and BPS ± estrogen receptor inhibitor (ERI), for 24 and/or 48 h. RNA expression and enzymatic activity of telomerase were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP); respectively. Relative telomere length (RTL) was also measured using quantitative PCR. After 24 h, the three bisphenols resulted in a 2-3 folds increase in expression and activity of telomerase in MCF-7 but not in MDA-MB-231 cells, and this increase was prevented upon co-treatment with ERI. The observed increase in the expression and activity of telomerase after 24 h of treatment with bisphenols was associated with differential and modest ER-dependent lengthening in RTL at 48 h. Our results show that telomerase potentially mediates the effects of the three bisphenols in ER-positive breast carcinoma. Hence, further investigation is warranted to elucidate the telomerase-linked pathways that could underlie bisphenol-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Awada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reem Akika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Akram Ghantous
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Nathalie K Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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