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Singleton E, Hansson O, Pijnenburg YAL, La Joie R, Mantyh WG, Tideman P, Stomrud E, Leuzy A, Johansson M, Strandberg O, Smith R, Berendrecht E, Miller BL, Iaccarino L, Edwards L, Strom A, Wolters EE, Coomans E, Visser D, Golla SSV, Tuncel H, Bouwman F, Van Swieten JC, Papma JM, van Berckel B, Scheltens P, Dijkstra AA, Rabinovici GD, Ossenkoppele R. Heterogeneous distribution of tau pathology in the behavioural variant of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:jnnp-2020-325497. [PMID: 33850001 PMCID: PMC8292599 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical phenotype of the rare behavioural variant of Alzheimer's disease (bvAD) is insufficiently understood. Given the strong clinico-anatomical correlations of tau pathology in AD, we investigated the distribution of tau deposits in bvAD, in-vivo and ex-vivo, using positron emission tomography (PET) and postmortem examination. METHODS For the tau PET study, seven amyloid-β positive bvAD patients underwent [18F]flortaucipir or [18F]RO948 PET. We converted tau PET uptake values into standardised (W-)scores, adjusting for age, sex and mini mental state examination in a 'typical' memory-predominant AD (n=205) group. W-scores were computed within entorhinal, temporoparietal, medial and lateral prefrontal, insular and whole-brain regions-of-interest, frontal-to-entorhinal and frontal-to-parietal ratios and within intrinsic functional connectivity network templates. For the postmortem study, the percentage of AT8 (tau)-positive area in hippocampus CA1, temporal, parietal, frontal and insular cortices were compared between autopsy-confirmed patients with bvAD (n=8) and typical AD (tAD;n=7). RESULTS Individual regional W-scores ≥1.96 (corresponding to p<0.05) were observed in three cases, that is, case #5: medial prefrontal cortex (W=2.13) and anterior default mode network (W=3.79), case #2: lateral prefrontal cortex (W=2.79) and salience network (W=2.77), and case #7: frontal-to-entorhinal ratio (W=2.04). The remaining four cases fell within the normal distributions of the tAD group. Postmortem AT8 staining indicated no group-level regional differences in phosphorylated tau levels between bvAD and tAD (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both in-vivo and ex-vivo, patients with bvAD showed heterogeneous distributions of tau pathology. Since key regions involved in behavioural regulation were not consistently disproportionally affected by tau pathology, other factors are more likely driving the clinical phenotype in bvAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Singleton
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William G Mantyh
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pontus Tideman
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Antoine Leuzy
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maurits Johansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruben Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Evi Berendrecht
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emma E Wolters
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Coomans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Visser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandeep S V Golla
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hayel Tuncel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Bouwman
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Janne M Papma
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anke A Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Therriault J, Pascoal TA, Savard M, Benedet AL, Chamoun M, Tissot C, Lussier F, Kang MS, Thomas E, Terada T, Rej S, Massarweh G, Nasreddine Z, Vitali P, Soucy JP, Saha-Chaudhuri P, Gauthier S, Rosa-Neto P. Topographic Distribution of Amyloid-β, Tau, and Atrophy in Patients With Behavioral/Dysexecutive Alzheimer Disease. Neurology 2020; 96:e81-e92. [PMID: 33093220 PMCID: PMC7884976 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the associations between amyloid-PET, tau-PET, and atrophy with the behavioral/dysexecutive presentation of Alzheimer disease (AD), how these differ from amnestic AD, and how they correlate to clinical symptoms. Methods We assessed 15 patients with behavioral/dysexecutive AD recruited from a tertiary care memory clinic, all of whom had biologically defined AD. They were compared with 25 patients with disease severity– and age-matched amnestic AD and a group of 131 cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly individuals. All participants were evaluated with amyloid-PET with [18F]AZD4694, tau-PET with [18F]MK6240, MRI, and neuropsychological testing. Results Voxelwise contrasts identified patterns of frontal cortical tau aggregation in behavioral/dysexecutive AD, with peaks in medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and frontal insular cortices in contrast to amnestic AD. No differences were observed in the distribution of amyloid-PET or atrophy as determined by voxel-based morphometry. Voxelwise area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that tau-PET uptake in the medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and frontal insular cortices were best able to differentiate between behavioral/dysexecutive and amnestic AD (area under the curve 0.87). Voxelwise regressions demonstrated relationships between frontal cortical tau load and degree of executive dysfunction. Conclusions Our results provide evidence of frontal cortical involvement of tau pathology in behavioral/dysexecutive AD and highlight the need for consensus clinical criteria in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Therriault
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Melissa Savard
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea L Benedet
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Cecile Tissot
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Firoza Lussier
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Min Su Kang
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Emilie Thomas
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Gassan Massarweh
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Ziad Nasreddine
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Paolo Vitali
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Paramita Saha-Chaudhuri
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- From the Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital (J.T., T.A.P., M.S., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., T.T., P.V., S.G., P.R.-N.), and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., E.T., P.V., J.-P.S., S.G., P.R.-N.), Psychiatry (S.R., S.G.), Radiochemistry (G.M.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.S.-C.), McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute (J.T., T.A.P., A.L.B., M.C., C.T., F.L., M.S.K., G.M., J.-P.S., P.R.-N.), Canada; Department of Biofunctional Imaging (T.T.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; and MoCA Clinic and Institute (Z.N.), Montreal, Canada.
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