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Fauzi A, Kifli N, Noor MHM, Hamzah H, Azlan A. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluation of the Morus alba L. leaf extract from Brunei Darussalam: Acute toxicity study in ICR mice. Open Vet J 2024; 14:750-758. [PMID: 38682142 PMCID: PMC11052622 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have reported that the phytochemical content of Mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) is influenced by the area where it grows. On the other hand, the study of the bioactivity and toxicity of mulberry leaves from Brunei Darussalam still needs to be completed. In particular, the investigation regarding the safe dose for Mulberry's application from Brunei Darussalam has yet to be studied. Hence, toxicity information must be considered even though the community has used it for generations. Aim This study investigated Morus alba ethanolic leaf extract (MAE) to observe the acute toxicity in mice. Methods In particular, this study utilized 12 female Institute of Cancer Research mice, 8 weeks old, divided into 2 groups: the control group and the MAE group (2,000 mg/kg single dose). Physiology, hematology, biochemistry, and histology were analyzed during the study. Results The examination result indicated no mortality and behavioral changes throughout the testing period. However, the mice developed mild anemia and leukopenia, followed by decreased numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. In addition, the mice developed a mild hepatocellular injury, indicated by significant (p < 0.05) elevations of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The histopathological findings of the liver were also consistent with the increment of ALT and AST, indicating mild hepatocellular necrosis through the eosinophilic cytoplasm and pyknosis (p > 0.05). Conclusion It was evident that a single oral administration of MAE was not lethal for mice (LD50, which was higher than 2,000 mg/kg). However, the administration of high doses of MAE must be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fauzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Mohd. Hezmee Mohd. Noor
- Department of Veterinary Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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2
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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3
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Golden DBK, Wang J, Waserman S, Akin C, Campbell RL, Ellis AK, Greenhawt M, Lang DM, Ledford DK, Lieberman J, Oppenheimer J, Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Abrams EM, Bernstein JA, Chu DK, Horner CC, Rank MA, Stukus DR, Burrows AG, Cruickshank H, Golden DBK, Wang J, Akin C, Campbell RL, Ellis AK, Greenhawt M, Lang DM, Ledford DK, Lieberman J, Oppenheimer J, Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Waserman S, Abrams EM, Bernstein JA, Chu DK, Ellis AK, Golden DBK, Greenhawt M, Horner CC, Ledford DK, Lieberman J, Rank MA, Shaker MS, Stukus DR, Wang J. Anaphylaxis: A 2023 practice parameter update. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:124-176. [PMID: 38108678 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This practice parameter update focuses on 7 areas in which there are new evidence and new recommendations. Diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis have been revised, and patterns of anaphylaxis are defined. Measurement of serum tryptase is important for diagnosis of anaphylaxis and to identify underlying mast cell disorders. In infants and toddlers, age-specific symptoms may differ from older children and adults, patient age is not correlated with reaction severity, and anaphylaxis is unlikely to be the initial reaction to an allergen on first exposure. Different community settings for anaphylaxis require specific measures for prevention and treatment of anaphylaxis. Optimal prescribing and use of epinephrine autoinjector devices require specific counseling and training of patients and caregivers, including when and how to administer the epinephrine autoinjector and whether and when to call 911. If epinephrine is used promptly, immediate activation of emergency medical services may not be required if the patient experiences a prompt, complete, and durable response. For most medical indications, the risk of stopping or changing beta-blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor medication may exceed the risk of more severe anaphylaxis if the medication is continued, especially in patients with insect sting anaphylaxis. Evaluation for mastocytosis, including a bone marrow biopsy, should be considered for adult patients with severe insect sting anaphylaxis or recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis. After perioperative anaphylaxis, repeat anesthesia may proceed in the context of shared decision-making and based on the history and results of diagnostic evaluation with skin tests or in vitro tests when available, and supervised challenge when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Susan Waserman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ronna L Campbell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - David M Lang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dennis K Ledford
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jay Lieberman
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Oppenheimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire; Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Elissa M Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Bernstein Allergy Group and Bernstein Clinical Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Derek K Chu
- Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Caroline C Horner
- Division of Allergy & Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona and Phoenix Children's Hospital, Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David R Stukus
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alyssa G Burrows
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Heather Cruickshank
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Julie Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ronna L Campbell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - David M Lang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dennis K Ledford
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jay Lieberman
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Oppenheimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire; Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Susan Waserman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Elissa M Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Bernstein Allergy Group and Bernstein Clinical Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Derek K Chu
- Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Caroline C Horner
- Division of Allergy & Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dennis K Ledford
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jay Lieberman
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona and Phoenix Children's Hospital, Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire; Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - David R Stukus
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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4
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Craffert V, Day C, Peter J. New-onset chronic spontaneous urticaria post-COVID-19 vaccination-South African case series. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100154. [PMID: 37781658 PMCID: PMC10509972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as the spontaneous occurrence of hives, angioedema, or both for more than 6 weeks; several inciting triggers including vaccines have been implicated. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations have been well tolerated by patients with CSU. However, reports have emerged of CSU triggered by COVID-19 vaccination and this study describes a South African case series. Objective To provide details of the first case series of new-onset CSU post-COVID-19 vaccination in Africa and summarize the global literature of reported cases to date. Methods All patients referred to our Urticaria Center of Excellence in Cape Town from the initiation of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in South Africa (from February 2021 to August 2022) were reviewed to identify patients who developed new-onset CSU within 12 weeks of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Medical history, physical examinations, and laboratory investigations were reviewed. Results More than 20 million adults received COVID-19 vaccinations in South Africa during the study period. Eight patients had new-onset chronic urticaria post-COVID-19 vaccination; 6 of the 8 patients were female, the median age was 41 years (interquartile range [IQR], 38-44), and all had a history of atopy. Only 1 reported COVID-19 infection post vaccination. Chronic urticaria occurred following Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccination in 6, 1, and 1 patient, respectively, with a median of 12 days (IQR, 3-38) from vaccination to symptoms onset. The baseline median score for Urticarial Activity Score 7 was 34 (IQR, 29-40), and 5 of the 8 patients (63%) had a total IgE level of more than 43 IU/L. All patients received high-dose antihistamines, with only 3 patients controlled. Conclusions New-onset CSU can rarely be triggered by COVID-19 vaccinations, most commonly mRNA vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine-triggered CSU appears to have a phenotype similar to that triggered by other inciting agents and across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmy Craffert
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Mowbray, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cascia Day
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Mowbray, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonny Peter
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Mowbray, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Raasch J, Glaum MC, O’Connor M. The multifactorial impact of receiving a hereditary angioedema diagnosis. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100792. [PMID: 37448849 PMCID: PMC10336685 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, chronic, debilitating genetic disorder characterized by recurrent, unpredictable, and potentially life-threatening episodes of swelling that typically affect the extremities, face, abdomen, genitals, and larynx. The most frequent cause of HAE is a mutation in the serpin family G member 1 (SERPING1) gene, which either leads to deficient plasma levels of the C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) protein (type I HAE-C1-INH) or normal plasma levels of dysfunctional C1-INH protein (type II HAE-C1-INH). Mutations in SERPING1 are known to be associated with dysregulation of the kallikrein-bradykinin cascade leading to enhancement of bradykinin production and increased vascular permeability. However, some patients present with a third type of HAE (HAE-nl-C1-INH) that is characterized by normal plasma levels and functionality of the C1-INH protein. While mutations in the factor XII, angiopoietin-1, plasminogen, kininogen-1, myoferlin, and heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase-6 genes have been identified in some patients with HAE-nI-C1-INH, genetic cause remains unknown in many cases with further research required to fully elucidate the pathology of disease in these patients. Here we review the challenges that arise on the pathway to a confirmed diagnosis of HAE and explore the multifactorial impact of receiving a HAE diagnosis. We conclude that it is important to continue to raise awareness of HAE because delays to diagnosis have a direct impact upon patient suffering and quality of life. Since many patients will seek help from hospitals during their first swelling attack it is vital that emergency department staff are aware of the different pathological pathways that distinguish HAE from other forms of angioedema to ensure that the most appropriate treatment is administered. As disease awareness increases, it is hoped that patients will be diagnosed earlier and that pre-authorization and insurance coverage of HAE treatments will become easier to obtain, ultimately reducing the burden of treatment for these patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C Glaum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, FL, USA
| | - Maeve O’Connor
- Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Relief of Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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6
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Pacheco-Quito EM, Jaramillo J, Sarmiento-Ordoñez J, Cuenca-León K. Drugs Prescribed for Asthma and Their Adverse Effects on Dental Health. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11050113. [PMID: 37232764 DOI: 10.3390/dj11050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous respiratory pathology characterized by reversible airway inflammation. Therapeutics focus on symptom reduction and control, aimed at preserving normal pulmonary function and inducing bronchodilatation. The objective of this review is to describe the adverse effects produced by anti-asthmatic drugs on dental health, according to the reported scientific evidence. A bibliographic review was carried out on databases, such as Web of science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Most anti-asthmatic medications are administered using inhalers or nebulizers, making it impossible to avoid contact of the drug with hard dental tissues and oral mucosa, and thus promoting a greater risk of oral alterations, mainly due to decreases in the salivary flow and pH. Such changes can cause diseases, such as dental caries, dental erosion, tooth loss, periodontal disease, bone resorption, as well as fungal infections, such as oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edisson-Mauricio Pacheco-Quito
- Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Faculty of Dentistry, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
- Innovation and Pharmaceutical Development in Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Head of Research and Innovation, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
| | | | - Jéssica Sarmiento-Ordoñez
- Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Faculty of Dentistry, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
- Innovation and Pharmaceutical Development in Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Head of Research and Innovation, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
| | - Katherine Cuenca-León
- Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Faculty of Dentistry, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
- Innovation and Pharmaceutical Development in Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Head of Research and Innovation, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
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7
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Walter G, Brant A, Kim H. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in response to salmon roe and trout roe. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:122-123. [PMID: 37780111 PMCID: PMC10509918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical implications herein, we describe the first case in the medical literature of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in response to specific fish roe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Walter
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Brant
- Division of Neurosurgery, Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, Calif
| | - Harold Kim
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Asim MN, Ibrahim MA, Malik MI, Razzak I, Dengel A, Ahmed S. Histone-Net: a multi-paradigm computational framework for histone occupancy and modification prediction. COMPLEX INTELL SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40747-022-00802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDeep exploration of histone occupancy and covalent post-translational modifications (e.g., acetylation, methylation) is essential to decode gene expression regulation, chromosome packaging, DNA damage, and transcriptional activation. Existing computational approaches are unable to precisely predict histone occupancy and modifications mainly due to the use of sub-optimal statistical representation of histone sequences. For the establishment of an improved histone occupancy and modification landscape for multiple histone markers, the paper in hand presents an end-to-end computational multi-paradigm framework “Histone-Net”. To learn local and global residue context aware sequence representation, Histone-Net generates unsupervised higher order residue embeddings (DNA2Vec) and presents a different application of language modelling, where it encapsulates histone occupancy and modification information while generating higher order residue embeddings (SuperDNA2Vec) in a supervised manner. We perform an intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation of both presented distributed representation learning schemes. A comprehensive empirical evaluation of Histone-Net over ten benchmark histone markers data sets for three different histone sequence analysis tasks indicates that SuperDNA2Vec sequence representation and softmax classifier-based approach outperforms state-of-the-art approach by an average accuracy of 7%. To eliminate the overhead of training separate binary classifiers for all ten histone markers, Histone-Net is evaluated in multi-label classification paradigm, where it produces decent performance for simultaneous prediction of histone occupancy, acetylation, and methylation.
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9
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Chan Y, Raju Allam VSR, Paudel KR, Singh SK, Gulati M, Dhanasekaran M, Gupta PK, Jha NK, Devkota HP, Gupta G, Hansbro PM, Oliver BGG, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Nutraceuticals: unlocking newer paradigms in the mitigation of inflammatory lung diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-31. [PMID: 34613853 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Persistent respiratory tract inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. These inflammatory respiratory diseases have been a major public health concern as they are the leading causes of worldwide mortality and morbidity, resulting in heavy burden on socioeconomic growth throughout these years. Although various therapeutic agents are currently available, the clinical applications of these agents are found to be futile due to their adverse effects, and most patients remained poorly controlled with a low quality of life. These drawbacks have necessitated the development of novel, alternative therapeutic agents that can effectively improve therapeutic outcomes. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, and phytochemicals have gained increasing attention due to their nutritional properties and therapeutic potential in modulating the pathological mechanisms underlying inflammatory respiratory diseases, which could ultimately result in improved disease control and overall health outcomes. As such, nutraceuticals have been held in high regard as the possible alternatives to address the limitations of conventional therapeutics, where intensive research are being performed to identify novel nutraceuticals that can positively impact various inflammatory respiratory diseases. This review provides an insight into the utilization of nutraceuticals with respect to their molecular mechanisms targeting multiple signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sachin K Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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10
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β-Blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with sublingual immunotherapy: are risks related to individual product safety profile? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 20:401-406. [PMID: 32590508 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this article is to review the available literature regarding the risks associated with sublingual immunotherapy and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or β-blocker use. It also evaluates for any differences in these risks among the available sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets. RECENT FINDINGS A literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify peer-reviewed articles using the following keywords: anaphylaxis, ACE inhibitor, β-blocker, and sublingual immunotherapy. Minimal data exist regarding their safety of SLIT in patients concomitantly taking ACE inhibitors or β-blockers. The adverse reaction rates seem similar between SLIT products. SUMMARY A risk-versus-benefit discussion should be communicated with the patient taking a β-blocker before beginning SLIT but automatic denial of SLIT to these patients is not warranted.
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is the most common manifestation of allergic disease. This break in the normal natural function of the immune system to ignore harmless molecules such as pollen and pet dander to now aggressively react has lead to a substantial disease burden that is not always recognized and adequately treated. RECENT FINDINGS Individual molecular component testing may increase the predictive value of blood sIgE and clinical symptoms. Defining the most symptoms inducing allergenic protein has led to advances in peptide-based allergen immunotherapy. There have been steady consistent reports that allergy immunotherapy for children with symptomatic allergic rhinitis prevents the onset of asthma. SUMMARY Allergy immunotherapy is an effective disease-modulating treatment that alters the underlying immune dysfunction which is a currently underutilized therapy especially as it is likely effective in preventing the onset of asthma in children, at least in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Ellis AK, Gagnon R, Hammerby E, Lau A. Sublingual immunotherapy tablet for the treatment of house dust mite allergic rhinitis in Canada: an alternative to minimize treatment costs? ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 15:27. [PMID: 31061666 PMCID: PMC6487002 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cost-minimization analysis (CMA) was performed to estimate the economic impact of introducing the SQ house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy (SQ HDM SLIT)-tablet marketed as ACARIZAX™ (regulatory approval May 2017) for the treatment of HDM-induced allergic rhinitis in Canada (Ontario and Quebec), where house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (HDM SCIT) is already an available treatment option. METHODS A CMA was deemed appropriate and was based on the assumption that the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet has comparable efficacy to HDM SCIT. A societal perspective was adopted in the model, including relevant costs of medications, health care services and productivity loss. A 3 year time horizon was used corresponding to a recommended treatment course of allergy immunotherapy. Resource use and costs were based on published sources, where possible, and validated and complemented by a Canadian specialist clinician (allergist) in active practice in Ontario and in Quebec, respectively, where applicable. A discount rate of 1.5% was applied in accordance with the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) guidelines. To assess the robustness of the results, sensitivity analyses were performed by testing alternative assumptions for selected parameters, to understand their impact on the results of the analysis. RESULTS The direct treatment costs for a 3-year treatment with SQ HDM SLIT-tablets were higher than for HDM SCIT for both provinces, Ontario and Quebec ($4732.12 and $4829.03 vs. $3434.51 and $2987.74). However, when adding the indirect costs to the model, total savings for the treatment with SQ HDM SLIT-tablets of $1833.00 for Ontario and $769.03 for Quebec were observed. Sensitivity analyses with varying HDM SCIT resource use, discount rates, titration and maintenance injections, nurse time, and number of injections per vial resulted in savings of SQ HDM SLIT-tablets over HDM SCIT in all scenarios analysed. CONCLUSIONS The CMA indicates that SQ HDM SLIT-tablets are a cost-minimizing alternative to HDM SCIT when considered from a societal perspective in Ontario and Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Ellis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Rémi Gagnon
- Service d’Allergie et Immunologie, Département de médecine, CHU de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Lau
- PDCI Market Access Inc., Ottawa, ON Canada
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Bjermer L, Westman M, Holmström M, Wickman MC. The complex pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis: scientific rationale for the development of an alternative treatment option. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:24. [PMID: 31015846 PMCID: PMC6469109 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) poses a global health problem and can be challenging to treat. Many of the current symptomatic treatments for AR have been available for decades, yet there has been little improvement in patient quality of life or symptom burden over the years. In this review, we ask why this might be and explore the pathophysiological gaps that exist within the various AR treatment classes. We focus on the benefits and drawbacks of different treatment options and delivery routes for AR treatments and consider how, given what is known about AR pathophysiology and symptomatology, patients may be offered more effective treatment options for rapid, effective, and sustained AR control. In particular, we consider how a new AR preparation, MP-AzeFlu (Dymista®, Meda, Sweden), comprising a formulation of an intranasal antihistamine (azelastine hydrochloride), an intranasal corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate), and excipients delivered in a single spray, may offer benefits over and above single and multiple AR therapy options. We review the evidence in support of this treatment across the spectrum of AR disease. The concept of AR control is also reviewed within the context of new European Union and Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif-Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Bjermer
- 1Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Skane University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marit Westman
- 2Dept. of ENT-diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,3Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Holmström
- 4Dept. of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus C Wickman
- 5Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Sach's Children's Hospital, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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