1
|
Rawson JRG, Esteve-Altava B, Porro LB, Dutel H, Rayfield EJ. Early tetrapod cranial evolution is characterized by increased complexity, constraint, and an offset from fin-limb evolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc8875. [PMID: 36083907 PMCID: PMC9462696 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The developmental underpinnings and functional consequences of modifications to the limbs during the origin of the tetrapod body plan are increasingly well characterized, but less is understood about the evolution of the tetrapod skull. Decrease in skull bone number has been hypothesized to promote morphological and functional diversification in vertebrate clades, but its impact during the initial rise of tetrapods is unknown. Here, we test this by quantifying topological changes to cranial anatomy in fossil and living taxa bracketing the fin-to-limb transition using anatomical network analysis. We find that bone loss across the origin of tetrapods is associated not only with increased complexity of bone-to-bone contacts but also with decreasing topological diversity throughout the late Paleozoic, which may be related to developmental and/or mechanical constraints. We also uncover a 10-Ma offset between fin-limb and cranial morphological evolution, suggesting that different evolutionary drivers affected these features during the origin of tetrapods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Borja Esteve-Altava
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salud, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura B. Porro
- Centre for Integrative Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hugo Dutel
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Emily J. Rayfield
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schwaner MJ, Hsieh ST, Braasch I, Bradley S, Campos CB, Collins CE, Donatelli CM, Fish FE, Fitch OE, Flammang BE, Jackson BE, Jusufi A, Mekdara PJ, Patel A, Swalla BJ, Vickaryous M, McGowan CP. Future Tail Tales: A Forward-Looking, Integrative Perspective on Tail Research. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:521-537. [PMID: 33999184 PMCID: PMC8680820 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synopsis Tails are a defining characteristic of chordates and show enormous diversity in function and shape. Although chordate tails share a common evolutionary and genetic-developmental origin, tails are extremely versatile in morphology and function. For example, tails can be short or long, thin or thick, and feathered or spiked, and they can be used for propulsion, communication, or balancing, and they mediate in predator-prey outcomes. Depending on the species of animal the tail is attached to, it can have extraordinarily multi-functional purposes. Despite its morphological diversity and broad functional roles, tails have not received similar scientific attention as, for example, the paired appendages such as legs or fins. This forward-looking review article is a first step toward interdisciplinary scientific synthesis in tail research. We discuss the importance of tail research in relation to five topics: (1) evolution and development, (2) regeneration, (3) functional morphology, (4) sensorimotor control, and (5) computational and physical models. Within each of these areas, we highlight areas of research and combinations of long-standing and new experimental approaches to move the field of tail research forward. To best advance a holistic understanding of tail evolution and function, it is imperative to embrace an interdisciplinary approach, re-integrating traditionally siloed fields around discussions on tail-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Schwaner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - S T Hsieh
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - I Braasch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior (EEB), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S Bradley
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C B Campos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - C E Collins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - C M Donatelli
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - F E Fish
- Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
| | - O E Fitch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior (EEB), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - B E Flammang
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - B E Jackson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909, USA
| | - A Jusufi
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - P J Mekdara
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A Patel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - B J Swalla
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - M Vickaryous
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C P McGowan
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conserved Mechanisms, Novel Anatomies: The Developmental Basis of Fin Evolution and the Origin of Limbs. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13080384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of paired fins into tetrapod limbs is one of the most intensively scrutinized events in animal evolution. Early anatomical and embryological datasets identified distinctive morphological regions within the appendage and posed hypotheses about how the loss, gain, and transformation of these regions could explain the observed patterns of both extant and fossil appendage diversity. These hypotheses have been put to the test by our growing understanding of patterning mechanisms that regulate formation of the appendage axes, comparisons of gene expression data from an array of phylogenetically informative taxa, and increasingly sophisticated and elegant experiments leveraging the latest molecular approaches. Together, these data demonstrate the remarkable conservation of developmental mechanisms, even across phylogenetically and morphologically disparate taxa, as well as raising new questions about the way we view homology, evolutionary novelty, and the often non-linear connection between morphology and gene expression. In this review, we present historical hypotheses regarding paired fin evolution and limb origins, summarize key aspects of central appendage patterning mechanisms in model and non-model species, address how modern comparative developmental data interface with our understanding of appendage anatomy, and highlight new approaches that promise to provide new insight into these well-traveled questions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai P, Xie Y, Dong M, Zhu Q. Inhibition of MEIS3 Generates Cetuximab Resistance through c-Met and Akt. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2046248. [PMID: 33376716 PMCID: PMC7744183 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2046248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although cetuximab has been widely used in the treatment of colon cancer, a large number of patients eventually develop drug resistance. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the mechanism of drug resistance. METHODS In this study, we combined in silico analysis and a single guide RNA (sgRNA) library to locate cetuximab-sensitive genes. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle were assessed to validate the change in cetuximab sensitivity. Finally, western blotting was performed to detect changes in epidermal growth factor (EGFR) upstream and downstream genes. RESULTS Using in silico analysis and the sgRNA library, MEIS3 was confirmed as the cetuximab-sensitive gene. Further experiments indicated that the expression of MEIS3 could determine the level of cetuximab. Meanwhile, MEIS3-inhibited cells were sensitive to mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) and protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitors, which is related to the change in phosphorylation of c-Met and degradation of Akt. CONCLUSION MEIS3 modified the sensitivity to cetuximab through c-Met and Akt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Anorectal Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yangyang Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
- Department of Medical Experiment, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Mingjun Dong
- Anorectal Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhu
- Anorectal Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, 41 Northwest Street Road, Haishu District, Ningbo 315800, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woltering JM, Irisarri I, Ericsson R, Joss JMP, Sordino P, Meyer A. Sarcopterygian fin ontogeny elucidates the origin of hands with digits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc3510. [PMID: 32875118 PMCID: PMC7438105 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
How the hand and digits originated from fish fins during the Devonian fin-to-limb transition remains unsolved. Controversy in this conundrum stems from the scarcity of ontogenetic data from extant lobe-finned fishes. We report the patterning of an autopod-like domain by hoxa13 during fin development of the Australian lungfish, the most closely related extant fish relative of tetrapods. Differences from tetrapod limbs include the absence of digit-specific expansion of hoxd13 and hand2 and distal limitation of alx4 and pax9, which potentially evolved through an enhanced response to shh signaling in limbs. These developmental patterns indicate that the digit program originated in postaxial fin radials and later expanded anteriorly inside of a preexisting autopod-like domain during the evolution of limbs. Our findings provide a genetic framework for the transition of fins into limbs that supports the significance of classical models proposing a bending of the tetrapod metapterygial axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost M. Woltering
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Paolo Sordino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Axel Meyer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|