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Alhusban A, Kozak A, Pillai B, Ahmed H, Sayed MA, Johnson MH, Ishrat T, Ergul A, Fagan SC. Mechanisms of acute neurovascular protection with AT1 blockade after stroke: Effect of prestroke hypertension. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178867. [PMID: 28640888 PMCID: PMC5480858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability worldwide. Improving stroke outcome requires an orchestrated interplay that involves up regulation of pro-survival pathways and a concomitant suppression of pro-apoptotic mediators. In this investigation, we assessed the involvement of eNOS in the AT1 blocker-mediated protective and pro-recovery effects in animals with hypertension. We also evaluated the effect of acute eNOS inhibition in hypertensive animals. To achieve these goals, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were implanted with blood pressure transmitters, and randomized to receive either an eNOS inhibitor (L-NIO) or saline one hour before cerebral ischemia induction. After 3 hours of ischemia, animals were further randomized to receive either candesartan or saline at the time of reperfusion and sacrificed either 24 hours or 7 days later. Candesartan induced an early protective effect that was independent of eNOS inhibition (50% improvement in motor function). However, the protective effect of candesartan was associated with about five fold up regulation of BDNF expression and about three fold reduction in ER stress markers, in an eNOS dependent manner. The early benefit of a single dose of candesartan, present at 24 hours after stroke, was diminished at 7 days, perhaps due to a failure to induce an angiogenic response in these hypertensive animals. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate an early prorecovery effect of candesartan at both functional and molecular levels. Candesartan induced prorecovery signaling was mediated through eNOS. This effect was not maintained at 7 days after experimental ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alhusban
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center and College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anna Kozak
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center and College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bindu Pillai
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center and College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Heba Ahmed
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center and College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Sayed
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center and College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maribeth H. Johnson
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, Unites States of America
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center and College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center and College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Susan C. Fagan
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, Unites States of America
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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Alhusban A, Kozak A, Eldahshan W, Ergul A, Fagan SC. Erratum to: Artery reopening is required for the neurorestorative effects of angiotensin modulation after experimental stroke. EXPERIMENTAL & TRANSLATIONAL STROKE MEDICINE 2016; 8:5. [PMID: 27303620 PMCID: PMC4906908 DOI: 10.1186/s13231-016-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alhusban
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Anna Kozak
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, and Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Wael Eldahshan
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, and Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, and Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Susan C Fagan
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, and Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
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