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Moshfeghinia R, Hosseinzadeh M, Mostafavi S, Jabbarinejad R, Malekpour M, Chohedri E, Ahmadi J. Recurrent cannabis-induced catatonia: a case report and comprehensive systematic literature review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1332310. [PMID: 38313688 PMCID: PMC10835799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1332310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Catatonia presents itself as a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome, giving rise to various motor, speech, and behavioral challenges. It is noteworthy that approximately 10% of psychiatric hospital admissions can be attributed to this condition. It is imperative to note that cannabis-induced catatonia, while infrequent, has been linked to the use of marijuana. This connection has the potential to disrupt neurotransmitter systems, necessitating further research for a comprehensive understanding and effective treatment, particularly given the evolving trends in cannabis use. In this context, we shall delve into a unique case of recurrent cannabis-induced catatonia. Case presentation A 23-year-old gentleman, who has previously struggled with substance use disorder, experienced the emergence of mutism, social isolation, and a fixed gaze subsequent to his use of cannabis. Remarkably, despite the absence of hallucinations, he exhibited recurrent episodes of catatonia. These episodes were effectively addressed through a combination of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and lorazepam administration. Notably, when the lorazepam dosage was gradually reduced to below 2 mg per day, the catatonic symptoms resurfaced; however, they promptly abated upon reinstating the medication. The diagnosis of cannabis-induced catatonia was established, and its management primarily involved a therapeutic approach encompassing ECT and lorazepam. It is pertinent to underscore that this catatonic condition can be directly linked to the individual's cannabis usage. Conclusion The connection between cannabis and catatonia is intricate and not entirely comprehended. Although cannabis possesses therapeutic advantages, it can paradoxically trigger catatonia in certain individuals. Multiple factors, such as genetics, cannabinoids, and neurotransmitter systems, contribute to this intricacy, underscoring the necessity for additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Moshfeghinia
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Hosseinzadeh
- Fasa Neuroscience Circle (FNC), Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- National Brain Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roxana Jabbarinejad
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Chohedri
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Ahmadi
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Institute for Multicultural Counseling & Education Services (IMCES), Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Sharma A, Sharma V. A Case of Cannabis-Induced Catatonia and Management With Electroconvulsive Therapy. Cureus 2023; 15:e43478. [PMID: 37711932 PMCID: PMC10499364 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a case of cannabis-induced catatonia in an 18-year-old Hispanic male with no prior psychiatric history. Shortly after consuming marijuana, the patient experienced catatonic symptoms and demonstrated resistance to several medicinal therapies. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) proved to be a useful treatment choice, resulting in significant improvement in symptoms. This example emphasizes the potential dangers of cannabis usage, particularly in susceptible individuals, and underscores the importance of recognizing and treating catatonia as a possible side effect of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Psychiatry, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, USA
| | - Vinod Sharma
- Psychiatry, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, USA
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Palma-Álvarez RF, Soriano-Dia A, Ros-Cucurull E, Daigre C, Serrano-Pérez P, Ortega-Hernández G, Perea-Ortueta M, Gurrea Salas D, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Grau-López L. Catatonia Related to Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Review. J Dual Diagn 2021; 17:159-171. [PMID: 33902405 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.1904163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are related to several neuropsychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially psychotic symptoms and disorders. Interestingly, catatonia-like symptoms associated with cannabis and SC have been generally neglected in research and scarcely described despite the clinical repercussions. Hence, this review aims to analyze current clinical publications on catatonia induced by cannabis or SC in a systematized way. Methods: A search using PRISMA guidelines was performed on three databases based on a specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 11 publications describing 14 patients (10 males; mean age 22.50 ± 6.67 years old) with catatonia apparently precipitated by the use of cannabis (n = 6) or SC (n = 8) were found. Clinical features and treatment are described and discussed. Conclusion: From a clinical perspective, cannabis and SC use may be related to catatonia-like symptoms and catatonia syndrome in the same way these substances (cannabis and SC) are related to induced-psychotic episodes. However, further research will be required to understand the exact nature of that relationship. Additionally, investigations focused on the clinical significance (i.e., prognosis, evolution, and outcomes) of catatonia-like symptoms induced by cannabis and SC use in patients are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Felipe Palma-Álvarez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Soriano-Dia
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ros-Cucurull
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Daigre
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Germán Ortega-Hernández
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Perea-Ortueta
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep-Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Vaping Cannabis Oil: A Case of Catatonia Associated With Use of High-Potency Cannabis. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020; 61:745-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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5
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Stein ALS, Sacks SM, Roth JR, Habis M, Saltz SB, Chen C. Anesthetic Management During Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children. Anesth Analg 2020; 130:126-140. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Randall K, Hayward K. Emergent Medical Illnesses Related to Cannabis Use. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2019; 116:226-228. [PMID: 31527946 PMCID: PMC6690288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As more states rush to legalize the use of cannabis products, both medically and recreationally, there are more medical harms being seen in emergency departments (ED). The tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration today is much stronger than the concentration from the 90s. In the 1990s most typical "joints" contained 1-3 mg of THC. Today, plants are being raised and modified to produce a higher concentration of THC. In turn, the amount of cannabidiol (CBD) is decreasing. Previously, people would smoke 1-3 mg of THC. The typical joint in Colorado contains 18 mg of THC or more. Currently, in the ED, we see patients who self-report smoking 2,000 mg or more of THC in a day. In 2015, 2.6 million individuals started cannabis use, 45% were 12-17 years of age.3 This brief report includes some of the more common illnesses that have been seen over the last four years of legalization in Colorado, and is by no means inclusive of all the potential problems that can occur. Among the many untoward effects being seen, illnesses that will be discussed are: cannabinoid associated hyperemesis, acute psychosis, cannabinoid catatonia syndrome, acute myo-pericarditis and ingestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Randall
- Karen Randall, DO, FAAEM, is an Emergency Medicine physician in Pueblo, Colorado. She is certified in Cannabis Science and Medicine (University of Vermont, School of Medicine)
| | - Kathleen Hayward
- Kathleen Hayward, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, is an emergency Physician in the Einstein Medical System in Philadelphia, PA
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Rask O, Suneson K, Holmström E, Bäckström B, Johansson BA. Electroconvulsive therapy for manic state with mixed and psychotic features in a teenager with bipolar disorder and comorbid episodic obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:345. [PMID: 29228982 PMCID: PMC5725801 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity of bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder is common in adolescence. Obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms may be episodic and secondary to alterations in mood, and display specific features. Management of pediatric bipolar disorder-obsessive-compulsive disorder is challenging, as pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder may induce or exacerbate manic episodes and there is limited evidence of treatment efficacy. Electroconvulsive therapy is sparsely used in children and adolescents, but is documented to be a safe and efficacious intervention in adults with bipolar disorder. In view of the severity of symptoms in juvenile mania, studies on treatment strategies are warranted. We report a case of an adolescent with bipolar disorder-obsessive-compulsive disorder who was successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy during an episode of severe mania. CASE PRESENTATION A 16-year-old girl of Middle East origin first presented to us with depressed mood, irritability, and increased obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, which were initially interpreted in the context of acute stress secondary to migration. She had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder in her previous home country, but had difficulties in accounting for earlier psychiatric history. During hospitalization her mood switched to a manic state with mixed and psychotic features, at times showing aggression toward others. Interruption in her lithium treatment for a short period and possibly the introduction of an atypical antipsychotic could in part have been triggering factors. After 8 weeks of in-patient care and psychotropic drug trials, electroconvulsive therapy was initiated and administered every second or third day for 4 weeks, with marked positive response. No apparent side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS This case demonstrates the need for a detailed medical history, taking special note of periodicity and character of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, in adolescents with mood disorders. When treating culturally diverse patients, extra consideration should be taken. Special concerns in the pharmacological treatment to avoid the patient's condition from worsening must be addressed, including giving priority to mood stabilization before obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. There are potential benefits in considering electroconvulsive therapy in young patients with severe mania where first-line treatment options have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rask
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Office for Healthcare 'Sund', Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Unit for Pediatric Bipolar & Psychotic Disorders, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Klara Suneson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Office for Healthcare 'Sund', Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Regional Inpatient Care, Emergency Unit, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Holmström
- Office for Healthcare 'Sund', Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Regional Inpatient Care, Emergency Unit, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beata Bäckström
- Office for Healthcare 'Sund', Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Unit for Pediatric Bipolar & Psychotic Disorders, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Axel Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Office for Healthcare 'Sund', Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Regional Inpatient Care, Emergency Unit, Malmö, Sweden
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