A neonate with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome: a case report

Large birth mark and unilateral swelling of the lower extremity in a young teenager

We describe an early adolescent male who was diagnosed with vascular malformation associated with unilateral limb overgrowth based on the clinical findings of a persistent port-wine stain since birth and gradually progressing right lower limb oedema since early childhood. Clinicians should keep in mind to clinically evaluate such malformations in detail, as well as contemplate genetic testing in patients presenting with a large port-wine stain at birth, particularly if well demarcated and lateral in a lower extremity.

Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome with profound abdominal lymphatic-venous malformation in a three-day-old newborn: a case report and literature review

Background

Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome, a kind of congenital limb-length-discrepancy disorder, is commonly associated with a variety of vascular anomalies.

Case presentation

We present the case of a three-day-old newborn with a profound abdominal mass lesion during prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. After delivery, physical examination revealed mild hemihypertrophy of the left lower extremity and red lesions on the left thigh. MRI of the abdomen showed a cyst-like lesion measuring 6.3 cm × 2.7 cm × 5.5 cm in the upper abdomen. Within the mass, there were also some possible calcified spots exhibiting high T1WI signals and low T2WI signals. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen was consistent with an ill-defined cystic tumor with small calcifications and encasement of mesenteric vessels. A MRI of the left lower extremity showed a tubular structure with a signal void and homogeneous strong enhancement located in the anterior subcutis of the left lower limb. The CT scan confirmed that the tubular structure was consistent with a venous malformation. This patient had features of Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome, including port-wine stains, a profound abdominal mass, and vascular malformations of the left lower extremity.

Conclusions

In this article, we presented a case of Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome, emphasizing both prenatal and confirmatory postnatal cross-sectional imaging findings. The rare presentation of an abdominal lymphatic-venous formation played a pivotal role as a crucial indicator for an early diagnosis of Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome.