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Barcena AJR, Owens TC, Melancon S, Workeneh I, Tran Cao HS, Vauthey JN, Huang SY. Current Perspectives and Progress in Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization with Stem Cell Augmentation (PVESA). Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1236-1251. [PMID: 38613627 PMCID: PMC11222268 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Portal vein embolization with stem cell augmentation (PVESA) is an emerging approach for enhancing the growth of the liver segment that will remain after surgery (i.e., future liver remnant, FLR) in patients with liver cancer. Conventional portal vein embolization (PVE) aims to induce preoperative FLR growth, but it has a risk of failure in patients with underlying liver dysfunction and comorbid illnesses. PVESA combines PVE with stem cell therapy to potentially improve FLR size and function more effectively and efficiently. Various types of stem cells can help improve liver growth by secreting paracrine signals for hepatocyte growth or by transforming into hepatocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), unrestricted somatic stem cells, and small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells have been used to augment liver growth in preclinical animal models, while clinical studies have demonstrated the benefit of CD133 + bone marrow-derived MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells. These investigations have shown that PVESA is generally safe and enhances liver growth after PVE. However, optimizing the selection, collection, and application of stem cells remains crucial to maximize benefits and minimize risks. Additionally, advanced stem cell technologies, such as priming, genetic modification, and extracellular vesicle-based therapy, that could further enhance efficacy outcomes should be evaluated. Despite its potential, PVESA requires more investigations, particularly mechanistic studies that involve orthotopic animal models of liver cancer with concomitant liver injury as well as larger human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan John R Barcena
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit, Houston, TX, 1471, 77030, United States
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, NCR, 1000, Philippines
| | - Tyler C Owens
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit, Houston, TX, 1471, 77030, United States
| | - Sophie Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit, Houston, TX, 1471, 77030, United States
| | - Isias Workeneh
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit, Houston, TX, 1471, 77030, United States
| | - Hop S Tran Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Jean-Nicolas Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Steven Y Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit, Houston, TX, 1471, 77030, United States.
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2
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Lopez-Yus M, García-Sobreviela MP, Del Moral-Bergos R, Arbones-Mainar JM. Gene Therapy Based on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue for the Treatment of Obesity and Its Metabolic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087468. [PMID: 37108631 PMCID: PMC10138576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a highly prevalent condition often associated with dysfunctional adipose tissue. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention in the context of regenerative medicine. Among all stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are the most easily obtained, have immunomodulatory properties, show great ex vivo expansion capacity and differentiation to other cell types, and release a wide variety of angiogenic factors and bioactive molecules, such as growth factors and adipokines. However, despite the positive results obtained in some pre-clinical studies, the actual clinical efficacy of ADMSCs still remains controversial. Transplanted ADMSCs present a meager rate of survival and proliferation, possibly because of the damaged microenvironment of the affected tissues. Therefore, there is a need for novel approaches to generate more functional ADMSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential. In this context, genetic manipulation has emerged as a promising strategy. In the current review, we aim to summarize several adipose-focused treatments of obesity, including cell therapy and gene therapy. Particular emphasis will be given to the continuum from obesity to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, we will provide insights into the potential shared adipocentric mechanisms involved in these pathophysiological processes and their remediation using ADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar García-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Clinical Application of Induced Hepatocyte-like Cells Produced from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Literature Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131998. [PMID: 35805080 PMCID: PMC9265349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, resulting in 1.3 million deaths annually. The vast majority of liver disease is caused by metabolic disease (i.e., NASH) and alcohol-induced hepatitis, and to a lesser extent by acute and chronic viral infection. Furthermore, multiple insults to the liver is becoming common due to the prevalence of metabolic and alcohol-related liver diseases. Despite this rising prevalence of liver disease, there are few treatment options: there are treatments for viral hepatitis C and there is vaccination for hepatitis B. Aside from the management of metabolic syndrome, no direct liver therapy has shown clinical efficacy for metabolic liver disease, there is very little for acute alcohol-induced liver disease, and liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment for late-stage liver disease. Traditional pharmacologic interventions have failed to appreciably impact the pathophysiology of alcohol-related liver disease or end-stage liver disease. The difficulties associated with developing liver-specific therapies result from three factors that are common to late-stage liver disease arising from any cause: hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and aberrant tissue healing. Hepatocyte injury results in tissue damage with inflammation, which sensitizes the liver to additional hepatocyte injury and stimulates hepatic stellate cells and aberrant tissue healing responses. In the setting of chronic liver insults, there is progressive scarring, the loss of hepatocyte function, and hemodynamic dysregulation. Regenerative strategies using hepatocyte-like cells that are manufactured from mesenchymal stromal cells may be able to correct this pathophysiology through multiple mechanisms of action. Preclinical studies support their effectiveness and recent clinical studies suggest that cell replacement therapy can be safe and effective in patients with liver disease for whom there is no other option.
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4
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Abo-Aziza FAM, Zaki AKA, Adel RM, Fotouh A. Amelioration of aflatoxin acute hepatitis rat model by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their hepatogenic differentiation. Vet World 2022; 15:1347-1364. [PMID: 35765490 PMCID: PMC9210847 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1347-1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation and their hepatogenic differentiated cells (HDCs) can be applied for liver injury repair by tissue grafting. Regenerative potentiality in liver cirrhosis models was widely investigated; however, immunomodulation and anti-inflammation in acute hepatitis remain unexplored. This study aimed to explore the immunomodulatory and evaluate twice intravenous (IV) or intrahepatic (IH) administration of either BM-MSCs or middle-stage HDCs on aflatoxin (AF) acute hepatitis rat model. Materials and Methods: BM-MSCs viability, phenotypes, and proliferation were evaluated. Hepatogenic differentiation, albumin, and mmmmmmmm-fetoprotein gene expression were assessed. AF acute hepatitis was induced in rats using AFB1 supplementation. The transplantation of BM-MSCs or their HDCs was done either by IV or IH route. Hepatic ultrasound was performed after 3-weeks of therapy. Cytokines profile (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-4, and IL-10) was assessed. Hepatic bio-indices, serum, and hepatic antioxidant activity were evaluated, besides examining liver histological sections. Results: Acute AFB1 showed a significant increase in TNF-α (p<0.01), liver enzyme activities (p<0.05), as well as decrease in IL-4, IL-10, and antioxidant enzyme activities (p<0.05). Cytokines profile was ameliorated in groups treated with IV and IH BM-MCs, showed a negative correlation between IL-4 and TNF-α (p<0.05), and a positive correlation between IL-10 upregulation and TNF-α (p<0.01). In IV HDCs treated group, positive correlations between IL-4 and IL-10 downregulation and TNF-α were observed. However, in IH HDCs group, a significant positive correlation between IL-4 and IL-10 upregulation and TNF-α, were recorded (p<0.05). In addition, IV BM-MSCs and IH HDCs treatments significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activity (p<0.05). IV and IH BM-MSCs significantly ameliorated liver transaminase levels, whereas IH HDCs significantly ameliorated alanine aminotransferase activity and nitric oxide concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration routes of BM-MSCs did not demonstrate any significant difference; however, the IH route of HDCs showed significant amelioration from the IV route. On the other hand, it showed noticeable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory improvements in aflatoxicosis rats. Therefore, it can be concluded that acute hepatitis can be treated by a noninvasive IV route without the expense of hepatogenic differentiation. Further research using clinical trials that address several problems regarding engraftment and potentiation are needed to determine the optimal manipulation strategy as well as to achieve better long term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A. M. Abo-Aziza
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Kader A. Zaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Adel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fotouh
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, Egypt
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5
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Mikłosz A, Nikitiuk BE, Chabowski A. Using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to fight the metabolic complications of obesity: Where do we stand? Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13413. [PMID: 34985174 PMCID: PMC9285813 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention. Among them are adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), secreting numerous bioactive molecules, like growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Their unique features, including immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties, make them an ideal candidates for clinical applications. Numerous experimental studies have shown that ADMSCs can improve pancreatic islet cell viability and function, ameliorate hyperglycemia, improve insulin sensitivity, restore liver function, counteract dyslipidemia, lower pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce oxidative stress in the animal models. These results prompted scientists to use ADMSCs clinically. However, up to date, there have been few clinical studies or ongoing trails using ADMSCs to treat metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or liver cirrhosis. Most human studies have implemented autologous ADMSCs with minimal risk of cellular rejection. Because the functionality of ADMSCs is significantly reduced in subjects with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome, their efficacy is questioned. ADMSCs transplantation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity, but randomized controlled trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy in humans prior to routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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6
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Xie Y, Yao J, Jin W, Ren L, Li X. Induction and Maturation of Hepatocyte-Like Cells In Vitro: Focus on Technological Advances and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765980. [PMID: 34901010 PMCID: PMC8662991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited by the poor proliferation and restricted sources of adult hepatocytes, there is an urgent need to find substitutes for proliferation and cultivation of mature hepatocytes in vitro for use in disease treatment, drug approval, and toxicity testing. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), which originate from undifferentiated stem cells or modified adult cells, are considered good candidates because of their advantages in terms of cell source and in vitro expansion ability. However, the majority of induced HLCs are in an immature state, and their degree of differentiation is heterogeneous, diminishing their usability in basic research and limiting their clinical application. Therefore, various methods have been developed to promote the maturation of HLCs, including chemical approaches, alteration of cell culture systems, and genetic manipulation, to meet the needs of in vivo transplantation and in vitro model establishment. This review proposes different cell types for the induction of HLCs, and provide a comprehensive overview of various techniques to promote the generation and maturation of HLCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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7
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Jin M, Yi X, Liao W, Chen Q, Yang W, Li Y, Li S, Gao Y, Peng Q, Zhou S. Advancements in stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cell models for hepatotoxicity testing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:84. [PMID: 33494782 PMCID: PMC7836452 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of clinical trial failures and high drug attrition rates. Currently, the commonly used hepatocyte models include primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), animal models, and hepatic cell lines. However, these models have disadvantages that include species-specific differences or inconvenient cell extraction methods. Therefore, a novel, inexpensive, efficient, and accurate model that can be applied to drug screening is urgently needed. Owing to their self-renewable ability, source abundance, and multipotent competence, stem cells are stable sources of drug hepatotoxicity screening models. Because 3D culture can mimic the in vivo microenvironment more accurately than can 2D culture, the former is commonly used for hepatocyte culture and drug screening. In this review, we introduce the different sources of stem cells used to generate hepatocyte-like cells and the models for hepatotoxicity testing that use stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Department of Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wanren Yang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shao Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Peng
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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8
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Yang X, Meng Y, Han Z, Ye F, Wei L, Zong C. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver disease: full of chances and challenges. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:123. [PMID: 33117520 PMCID: PMC7590738 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major health problem that endangers human health worldwide. Currently, whole organ allograft transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. A shortage of suitable organs, high costs and surgical complications limit the application of liver transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been considered as a promising alternative approach for end-stage liver disease. Some clinical trials have confirmed the effectiveness of MSC therapy for liver disease, but its application has not been promoted and approved. There are still many issues that should be solved prior to using MSC therapy in clinical applications. The types of liver disease that are most suitable for MSC application should be determined, and the preparation and engraftment of MSCs should be standardized. These may be bottlenecks that limit the use of MSCs. We investigated 22 completed and several ongoing clinical trials to discuss these questions from a clinical perspective. We also discussed the important mechanisms by which MSCs play a therapeutic role in liver disease. Finally, we also proposed novel prospective approaches that can improve the therapeutic effect of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yan Meng
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Fei Ye
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Chen Zong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
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9
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Pu W, Xu D, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Yang M. Rapid generation of functional hepatocyte-like cells from human minor salivary gland-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:805-810. [PMID: 31791589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver failure is one of the major risk factors for death worldwide, and the only effective liver transplantation is currently very limited. Adult stem cells can be induced into hepatocytes in vitro and implanted into the body to repair damaged liver. However, most of the induction time in vitro is relatively long, which is not suitable for practical application. Therefore, search for new seed cells that can rapidly differentiate into functional hepatocytes is crucial for the clinical application of cell transplantation therapy. In this study, we explored a three-step protocol to rapidly induce human minor salivary gland mesenchymal stem cells (hMSG-MSCs) into hepatocytes in vitro, and finally obtained hepatocyte-like cells within 6 days. After a series of relevant detection from gene, protein and functional levels, we confirmed that the finally induced cells were mature hepatocyte-like cells with certain hepatocyte functions to some extent. Besides, we injected the preliminary induced cells into mice with acute liver injury, showing a good repair effect on the damaged liver. All these results indicate that the hMSG-MSCs have potential to be a kind of seed cells for rapid hepatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Pu
- Department No.14, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Duojiao Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhenmin Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Mingyong Yang
- Department No.14, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, China.
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10
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Hu C, Zhao L, Li L. Current understanding of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies in liver diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:199. [PMID: 31287024 PMCID: PMC6613269 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver, the largest organ with multiple synthetic and secretory functions in mammals, consists of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells (KCs), and immune cells, among others. Various causative factors, including viral infection, toxins, autoimmune defects, and genetic disorders, can impair liver function and result in chronic liver disease or acute liver failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various tissues have emerged as a potential candidate for cell transplantation to promote liver regeneration. Adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) with high multi-lineage potential and self-renewal capacity have attracted great attention as a promising means of liver regeneration. The abundance source and minimally invasive procedure required to obtain ADMSCs makes them superior to bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs). In this review, we comprehensively analyze landmark studies that address the isolation, proliferation, and hepatogenic differentiation of ADMSCs and summarize the therapeutic effects of ADMSCs in animal models of liver diseases. We also discuss key points related to improving the hepatic differentiation of ADMSCs via exposure of the cells to cytokines and growth factors (GFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), and various physical parameters in in vitro culture. The optimization of culturing methods and of the transplantation route will contribute to the further application of ADMSCs in liver regeneration and help improve the survival rate of patients with liver diseases. To this end, ADMSCs provide a potential strategy in the field of liver regeneration for treating acute or chronic liver injury, thus ensuring the availability of ADMSCs for research, trial, and clinical applications in various liver diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- 0000 0004 1759 700Xgrid.13402.34Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- 0000 0004 1759 700Xgrid.13402.34Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- 0000 0004 1759 700Xgrid.13402.34Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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11
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Xu F, Xiang Q, Huang J, Chen Q, Yu N, Long X, Zhou Z. Exosomal miR-423-5p mediates the proangiogenic activity of human adipose-derived stem cells by targeting Sufu. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:106. [PMID: 30898155 PMCID: PMC6429803 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are an important source of cells for regenerative medicine. Evidence of extensive interactions with the surrounding microenvironment has led researchers to focus more on hADSCs as activating agents of regenerative pathways, rather than simply replacing damaged cells. Several studies have found that functional miRNAs can be packaged into exosomes and transferred from donor cells into recipient cells, indicating that transported miRNAs may be a new class of cell-to-cell regulatory species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the exosome-derived miRNAs secreted by hADSCs are capable of influencing angiogenesis, a key step in tissue regeneration. METHODS Exosomes were purified from hADSCs followed by the characterization of their phenotype and angiogenic potential in vitro. RNA sequencing was performed to detect the miRNAs that were enriched in the hADSC-derived exosomes. A miRNA-mimic experiment was used to detect the key miRNAs in the proangiogenic activity of hADSC-derived exosomes. RESULTS Exosomes isolated from hADSCs were characterized as round membrane vesicles with a size of approximately 100 nm and were positive for CD9 and flotillin. The exosomes were internalized by primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and stimulated HUVEC proliferation and migration. Remarkably, the exosomes promoted vessel-like formation by HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner, and their maximum activity (10 μg/mL) was comparable with that of 5% FBS. The RNA-seq bioinformatics analysis predicted 1119 gene targets of the top 30 exosomal miRNAs in Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and the pathway involved in the angiogenesis was among the top KEGG pathways. Moreover, intact miR-423-5p was further demonstrated to be transferred into HUVECs via exosomes and to exert its angiogenic function by targeting Sufu. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal miR-423-5p mediated the proangiogenic activity of hADSCs by targeting Sufu, which may contribute to the exploitation of exosomes from hADSCs as a therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Xiang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianlong Chen
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanze Yu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Long
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Zakikhan K, Pournasr B, Vosough M, Nassiri-Asl M. In Vitro Generated Hepatocyte-Like Cells: A Novel Tool in Regenerative Medicine and Drug Discovery. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:204-217. [PMID: 28670513 PMCID: PMC5412779 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are generated from either various human pluripotent stem
cells (hPSCs) including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells
(ESCs), or direct cell conversion, mesenchymal stem cells as well as other stem cells like
gestational tissues. They provide potential cell sources for biomedical applications. Liver
transplantation is the gold standard treatment for the patients with end stage liver disease,
but there are many obstacles limiting this process, like insufficient number of donated
healthy livers. Meanwhile, the number of patients receiving a liver organ transplant for
a better life is increasing. In this regard, HLCs may provide an adequate cell source to
overcome these shortages. New molecular engineering approaches such as CRISPR/
Cas system applying in iPSCs technology provide the basic principles of gene correction
for monogenic inherited metabolic liver diseases, as another application of HLCs. It has
been shown that HLCs could replace primary human hepatocytes in drug discovery and
hepatotoxicity tests. However, generation of fully functional HLCs is still a big challenge;
several research groups have been trying to improve current differentiation protocols to
achieve better HLCs according to morphology and function of cells. Large-scale generation
of functional HLCs in bioreactors could make a new opportunity in producing enough
hepatocytes for treating end-stage liver patients as well as other biomedical applications
such as drug studies. In this review, regarding the biomedical value of HLCs, we focus
on the current and efficient approaches for generating hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and
discuss about their applications in regenerative medicine and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Zakikhan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Behshad Pournasr
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Vasconcellos R, Alvarenga ÉC, Parreira RC, Lima SS, Resende RR. Exploring the cell signalling in hepatocyte differentiation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1773-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Lo Furno D, Mannino G, Cardile V, Parenti R, Giuffrida R. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1615-1628. [PMID: 27520311 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are subdivided into two main categories: embryonic and adult stem cells. In principle, pluripotent embryonic stem cells might differentiate in any cell types of the organism, whereas the potential of adult stem cells would be more restricted. Although adult stem cells from bone marrow have been initially the most extensively studied, those derived from human adipose tissue have been lately more widely investigated, because of several advantages. First, they can be easily obtained in large amounts from subcutaneous adipose tissue, with minimal pain and morbidity for the patients during harvesting. In addition, they feature low immunogenicity and can differentiate not only in cells of mesodermal lineage (adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and muscle cells), but also in cells of other germ layers, such as neural or epithelial cells. As their multilineage differentiation capabilities are increasingly highlighted, their possible use in cell-based regenerative medicine is now broadly explored. In fact, starting from in vitro observations, many studies have already entered the preclinical and clinical phases. In this review, because of our main scientific interest, adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic differentiation abilities of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, as well as their possible therapeutic applications, are chiefly focused. In addition, their ability to differentiate toward muscle, epithelial, pancreatic, and hepatic cells is briefly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
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15
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Pennington MR, Curtis TM, Divers TJ, Wagner B, Ness SL, Tennant BC, Van de Walle GR. Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Efficiently Differentiate into Hepatocyte-Like Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:596-607. [PMID: 27113698 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult equine hepatocytes have proven challenging to culture long term in vitro as they rapidly lose their morphology and functionality, thus limiting studies on liver function and response to disease. In this study, we describe for the first time the differentiation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from a variety of sources into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). First, we differentiated equine umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived MSC into HLC and found that these cells exhibited a distinct polygonal morphology, stored glycogen as visualized by periodic acid Schiff's reagent staining, and were positive for albumin and other hepatocyte-specific genes. Second, we demonstrated that UCB-HLC could be revived following cryopreservation and retained their phenotype for at least 10 days. Third, we differentiated three sets of MSC from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), and peripheral blood (PB), matched within the same horse. We achieved a 100% differentiation success rate with BM, 0% with AT, and 66% with PB. An additional set of nine PB-MSC samples resulted in an overall success rate of 42% (n = 12), and age or gender did not seem to have an effect on the success of hepatic differentiation from that source. In a final set of experiments, we evaluated the use of these HLC as tools in different fields of biomedical research like virology, to study viral growth, and toxicology, to study chemicals with hepatic toxicity. Equine HLC were found susceptible for infection with the equine herpesviruses type 1 (EHV-1), -2, and -5, and exhibited a more sensitive dose-dependent response to arsenic toxicity than the commonly used human hepatocellular cell line HepG2. Taken together, these data indicate that equine MSC can be efficiently differentiated into HLC and these equine HLC could be a useful tool for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pennington
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Theresa M Curtis
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York.,2 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland , Cortland, New York
| | - Thomas J Divers
- 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Bettina Wagner
- 4 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - SallyAnne L Ness
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York.,3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Bud C Tennant
- 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
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