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Zhang ML, Li HB, Jin Y. Application and perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in human diseases modeling and gene therapy. Front Genet 2024; 15:1364742. [PMID: 38666293 PMCID: PMC11043577 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1364742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) mediated Cas9 nuclease system has been extensively used for genome editing and gene modification in eukaryotic cells. CRISPR/Cas9 technology holds great potential for various applications, including the correction of genetic defects or mutations within the human genome. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system in human disease research is anticipated to solve a multitude of intricate molecular biology challenges encountered in life science research. Here, we review the fundamental principles underlying CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its recent application in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune related diseases, and cancer, focusing on the disease modeling and gene therapy potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in these diseases. Finally, we provide an overview of the limitations and future prospects associated with employing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for diseases study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong-Bin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Shi Y, Qiao Z, Bi X, Zhang C, Fu J, Jia Y, Yang G. RF1 Gene Mutation in Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis 2: A Family Report and Literature Review. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1637-1645. [PMID: 34938098 PMCID: PMC8687883 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s326921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gene mutation analysis was performed on a family with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) so as to provide an accurate etiological diagnosis, leading to genetic counseling for the family members. METHODS The clinical data of two probands (siblings) with FHL in one family were analyzed, and eight genes related to the onset of the primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) (PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, STXBP2, SH2D1A, BIRC4/XIAP, Rab27a, LYST) were detected and analyzed in the probands and their parents with whole exome sequencing. RESULTS Proband 1 was a two-year-old male with the clinical manifestations of fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and a decreased peripheral blood cell count, sCD25: 12504pg/mL. The results of genetic testing showed that there was a c.1349C>T heterozygous missense mutation and a c.853_855del heterozygous mutation in the PRF1 in proband 1. Proband 2 was an eight-year-old female with the clinical manifestations of convulsions and disturbance of consciousness with fever. The genetic test results were the same as those of proband 1. There was a single heterozygous mutation in the parents of the probands, and both probands had compound heterozygous mutations. CONCLUSION According to the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and results of the family molecular genetic testing, the probands could be clinically diagnosed as FHL2. The results of gene sequencing revealed that this was an autosomal recessive family with familial hemophagocytic syndrome. A rare pathogenic mutation (c.853_855del) in the PRF1 was discovered in the two patients with HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Qiao
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoduo Bi
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxian Fu
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Jia
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanglu Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, People’s Republic of China
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Zou LX, Zhu Y, Sun L, Ma HH, Yang SR, Zeng HS, Xiao JH, Yu HG, Guo L, Xu YP, Lu MP. Clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and outcomes of macrophage activation syndrome in 80 children: a multi-center study in China. World J Pediatr 2020; 16:89-98. [PMID: 31612427 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric rheumatology. We aimed to further understand the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of MAS in China. METHODS A multi-center cohort study was performed in seven hospitals in China from 2012 to 2018. Eighty patients with MAS were enrolled, including 53 cases with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA-MAS), 10 cases of Kawasaki disease (KD-MAS), and 17 cases of connective tissue disease (CTD-MAS). The clinical and laboratory data were collected before (pre-), at onset, and during full-blown stages of MAS. We compared the data among the SJIA-MAS, KD-MAS, and CTD-MAS subjects. RESULTS 51.2% of patients developed MAS when the underlying disease was first diagnosed. In patients with SJIA, 22.6% (12/53) were found to have hypotension before the onset of SJIA-MAS. These patients were also found to have significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as decreased albumin (P < 0.05), but no difference in alanine aminotransferase, ferritin, and ratio of ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at onset of MAS when compared to pre-MAS stages of the disease. In addition, ferritin and ratio of ferritin/ESR were significantly elevated in patients at full-blown stages of SJIA-MAS compared to pre-MAS stage. Significantly increased ferritin and ratio of ferritin/ESR were also observed in patients with SJIA compared to in KD and CTD. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that 12,217.5 μg/L of ferritin and 267.5 of ferritin/ESR ratio had sensitivity (80.0% and 90.5%) and specificity (88.2% and 86.7%), respectively, for predicting full-blown SJIA-MAS. The majority of the patients received corticosteroids (79/80), while biologic agents were used in 12.5% (10/80) of cases. Tocilizumab was the most commonly selected biologic agent. The overall mortality rate was 7.5%. CONCLUSIONS About half of MAS occurred when the underlying autoimmune diseases (SJIA, KD, and CTD) were first diagnosed. Hypotension could be an important manifestation before MAS diagnosis. Decreased albumin and increased AST, LDH, ferritin, and ratio of ferritin/ESR could predict the onset or full blown of MAS in patient with SJIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zou
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Hui-Hui Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Si-Rui Yang
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Allergy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinming Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hua-Song Zeng
- Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 318 Renminzhong Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ji-Hong Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Hai-Guo Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yi-Ping Xu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Mei-Ping Lu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Garcia-Robledo JE, Barrera MC, Tobón GJ. CRISPR/Cas: from adaptive immune system in prokaryotes to therapeutic weapon against immune-related diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 39:11-20. [PMID: 31625429 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1677645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas evolved as an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea to inactivate foreign viral and plasmid DNA. However, the capacities of various CRISPR/Cas systems for precise genome editing based on sequence homology also allow their use as tools for genomic and epigenomic modification in eukaryotes. Indeed, these genetic characteristics have proven useful for disease modeling and testing the specific functions of target genes under pathological conditions. Moreover, recent studies provide compelling evidence that CRISPR/Cas systems could be useful therapeutic tools against human diseases, including cancer, monogenic disorders, and autoimmune disorders.HighlightsCRISPR/Cas evolved as an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea.CRISPR/Cas systems are nowadays used as tools for genomic modification.CRISPR/Cas systems could be useful therapeutic tools against human disease, including autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Claudia Barrera
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional; Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gabriel J Tobón
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional; Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Abughanam G, Elkashty OA, Liu Y, Bakkar MO, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Extract (MSCsE)-Based Therapy Alleviates Xerostomia and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjogren's Syndrome-Like Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194750. [PMID: 31557796 PMCID: PMC6801785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that manifests primarily in salivary and lacrimal glands leading to dry mouth and eyes. Unfortunately, there is no cure for SS due to its complex etiopathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were successfully tested for SS, but some risks and limitations remained for their clinical use. This study combined cell- and biologic-based therapies by utilizing the MSCs extract (MSCsE) to treat SS-like disease in NOD mice. We found that MSCsE and MSCs therapies were successful and comparable in preserving salivary and lacrimal glands function in NOD mice when compared to control group. Cells positive for AQP5, AQP4, α-SMA, CK5, and c-Kit were preserved. Gene expression of AQP5, EGF, FGF2, BMP7, LYZ1 and IL-10 were upregulated, and downregulated for TNF-α, TGF-β1, MMP2, CASP3, and IL-1β. The proliferation rate of the glands and serum levels of EGF were also higher. Cornea integrity and epithelial thickness were maintained due to tear flow rate preservation. Peripheral tolerance was re-established, as indicated by lower lymphocytic infiltration and anti-SS-A antibodies, less BAFF secretion, higher serum IL-10 levels and FoxP3+ Treg cells, and selective inhibition of B220+ B cells. These promising results opened new venues for a safer and more convenient combined biologic- and cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abughanam
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Younan Liu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Mohammed O Bakkar
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
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