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Cai R, Khan S, Chen X, Li H, Tan J, Tian Y, Zhao S, Yin Z, Liu T, Jin D, Guo J. Aspongopus chinensis ach-miR-276a-3p induces breast cancer cell cycle arrest by targeting APPL2 to regulate the CDK2-Rb-E2F1 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116877. [PMID: 38431228 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most common cancer, presents a significant challenge to the health and longevity of women. Aspongopus chinensis Dallas is an insect with known anti-breast cancer properties. However, the anti-breast cancer effects and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Exogenous microRNAs (miRNAs), which are derived from plants and animals, have been revealed to have notable capacities for controlling the proliferation of cancerous cells. To elucidate the inhibitory effects of miRNAs derived from A. chinensis and the regulatory mechanism involved in the growth of breast cancer cells, miRNA sequencing was initially employed to screen for miRNAs both in A. chinensis hemolymph and decoction and in mouse serum and tumor tissue after decoction gavage. Subsequently, the experiments were performed to assess the suppressive effect of ach-miR-276a-3p, the miRNA screened out from a previous study, on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the regulatory mechanism of ach-miR-276a-3p in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells was elucidated. The results demonstrated that ach-miR-276a-3p notably inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, and invasion and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, the ach-miR-276a-3p mimics significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight in xenograft tumor mice. Furthermore, ach-miR-276a-3p could induce cell cycle arrest by targeting APPL2 and regulating the CDK2-Rb-E2F1 signaling pathway. In summary, ach-miR-276a-3p, derived from A. chinensis, has anti-breast cancer activity by targeting APPL2 and regulating the CDK2-Rb-E2F1 signaling pathway and can serve as a promising candidate anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlian Cai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xumei Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Tongxian Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Daochao Jin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Xie N, Mei S, Dai C, Chen W. Palmdelphin Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Stem Specification via Downregulating Ring Finger Protein 145. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:13-24. [PMID: 39180204 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2024053542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the roles of PALMD in ovarian cancer. mRNA expression was detected using RT-qPCR. The aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and biomarkers of ovarian cancer stem cells were determined using flow cytometry. The stemness of ovarian cancer cells was determined using sphere formation assay. Cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay. The number of colonies was determined using colony formation assay. Cell migration was detected using wound healing assay. Cell invasion was determined using transwell assay. The results showed that PALMD was downregulated in ovarian cancer. Overexpressed PALMD inhibited the proliferative, migrative, and invasive ability of ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, PALMD inhibited the stem-like properties of ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, PALMD downregulated ring finger protein 145 (RNF145) expression, overexpression of which contributed to the aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, PALMD suppressed ovarian cancer cell stem specification via inhibiting RNF145 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanzi Xie
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Anshun City Guizhou Province, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Sisi Mei
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Anshun City Guizhou Province, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Changlan Dai
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Anshun City Guizhou Province, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- People's Hospital of Anshun City Guizhou Province
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Wu J, Yang F, Zhao M, Xiao H, Chen Y, Liu X, Zheng D. Antler-derived microRNA PC-5p-1090 inhibits HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting MARCKS, SMARCAD1, and SOX9. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:156. [PMID: 37165199 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The capability of microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate gene expression across species has opened new avenues for miRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we investigated the potential of PC-5p-1090 (miR-PC-1090), a miRNA found in deer antlers, to control the malignant phenotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Using Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell assays, we found that heterologous expression of miR-PC-1090 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that predicted miR-PC-1090 targets, including MARCKS, SMARCAD1, and SOX9, were significantly elevated in HCC tissues, and their high expressions were associated with poor overall survival of HCC patients. Moreover, mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-PC-1090 promoted the degradation of MARCKS and SMARCAD1 mRNAs and hindered the translation of SOX9 mRNA by recognizing their 3' untranslated regions. Subsequent loss-of-function and rescue experiments confirmed the involvement of MARCKS, SMARCAD1, and SOX9 in miR-PC-1090-suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Notably, MARCKS knockdown induced the downregulation of phosphorylated MARCKS and a corresponding upregulation of phosphorylated AKT in HCC. Conversely, miR-PC-1090 repressed MARCKS phosphorylation and effectively circumvented the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, miR-PC-1090 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through SMARCAD1- and SOX9-mediated reduction of β-catenin expression. Overall, our results illustrate the tumor-suppressive activity and molecular mechanism of antler-derived miR-PC-1090 in HCC cells, indicating its potential as a multiple-target agent for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mindie Zhao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Departments of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- College of Ecology-Environment Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Dong Zheng
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Zhang X, Jin M, Liu S, Zang M, Hu L, Du T, Zhang B. The roles and molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNA WT1-AS in the maintenance and development of gastric cancer stem cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14655. [PMID: 37025896 PMCID: PMC10070604 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for almost all malignant phenotypes of tumors. Long non-coding RNA WT1 antisense RNA (WT1-AS) has been found to be implicated in lung cancer cell stemness. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of WT1-AS in the development of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) remain unknown. Our present study showed that WT1-AS negatively regulated WT1 expression in GCSCs. WT1-AS knockdown or Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) overexpression improved GCSC proliferative and migratory capacities, inhibited GCSC apoptosis, potentiated the resistance of GCSCs to 5-FU, promoted GCSC EMT, induced HUVEC angiogenesis, enhanced GCSC stemness, and facilitated in-vitro 3D GCSC aggregate formation. WT1-AS overexpression exerted reverse effects. WT1-AS ameliorated the malignant phenotypes of GCSCs by down-regulating WT1 in vitro. WT1-AS inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and reduced tumor stemness in GCSCs-derived (s.c., i.p., and i.v.) xenografts in vivo. Moreover, XBP1 was identified as an upstream regulator of WT1-AS in GCSCs. Also, 4 potential WT1-AS downstream targets (i.e. PSPH, GSTO2, FYN, and PHGDH) in GCSCs were identified. Additionally, CACNA2D1 was demonstrated to be a downstream target of the WT1-AS/WT axis. XBP1 or CACNA2D1 knockdown exerted an adverse effect on the maintenance of stem cell-like behaviors and characteristics of GCSCs. In conclusion, WT1-AS weakened the stem cell-like behaviors and characteristics of GCSCs in vitro and in vivo by down-regulating WT1. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex phenotypes of GCSCs might contribute to the better management of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Meng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Mingde Zang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Baogui Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
- Corresponding author.
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Zhou Z, Cao Q, Diao Y, Wang Y, Long L, Wang S, Li P. Non-coding RNA-related antitumor mechanisms of marine-derived agents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1053556. [PMID: 36532760 PMCID: PMC9752855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1053556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, natural active substances have attracted great attention in developing new antitumor drugs, especially in the marine environment. A series of marine-derived compounds or derivatives with potential antitumor effects have been discovered and developed, but their mechanisms of action are not well understood. Emerging studies have found that several tumor-related signaling pathways and molecules are involved in the antitumor mechanisms of marine-derived agents, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). In this review, we provide an update on the regulation of marine-derived agents associated with ncRNAs on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, migration, drug sensitivity and resistance. Herein, we also describe recent advances in marine food-derived ncRNAs as antitumor agents that modulate cross-species gene expression. A better understanding of the antitumor mechanisms of marine-derived agents mediated, regulated, or sourced by ncRNAs will provide new biomarkers or targets for potential antitumor drugs from preclinical discovery and development to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujing Diao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linhai Long
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shoushi Wang
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Steinhoff M, Alam M, Ahmad A, Uddin S, Buddenkotte J. Targeting oncogenic transcription factors in skin malignancies: An update on cancer stemness and therapeutic outcomes. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:98-116. [PMID: 36372325 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and prone to various diseases, including cancer; thus, provides the first line of defense against exogenous biological and non-biological agents. Skin cancer, a complex and heterogenic process, with steep incidence rate often metastasizes due to poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and clinical challenges. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates that deregulation of transcription factors (TFs) due to genetic, epigenetic and signaling distortions plays essential role in the development of cutaneous malignancies and therapeutic challenges including cancer stemness features and reprogramming. This review highlights the recent developments exploring underlying mechanisms how deregulated TFs (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1, STAT etc.,) orchestrates cutaneous onco-pathogenesis, reprogramming, stemness and poor clinical outcomes. Along this line, bioactive drugs, and their derivatives from natural and or synthetic origin has gained attention due to their multitargeting potential, potentially safer and effective therapeutic outcome for human malignancies. We also discussed therapeutic importance of targeting aberrantly expressed TFs in skin cancers with bioactive natural products and or synthetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
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Kim H, Choi JH, Moon CM, Kang JL, Woo M, Kim M. Shrimp miR-965 transfers tumoricidal mitochondria. Biol Proced Online 2022; 24:16. [PMID: 36289539 PMCID: PMC9598032 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-022-00178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micro RNA of Marsupenaeus japonicas has been known to promote apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the detailed mechanisms are not well understood. Results Using tomographic microscope, which can detect the internal structure of cells, we observed breast tumor cells following treatment of the miRNA. Intriguingly, we found that mitochondria migrate to an adjacent tumor cells through a tunneling nanotube. To recapitulate this process, we engineered a microfluidic device through which mitochondria were transferred. We show that this mitochondrial transfer process released endonuclease G (Endo G) into tumor cells, which we referred to herein as unsealed mitochondria. Importantly, Endo G depleted mitochondria alone did not have tumoricidal effects. Moreover, unsealed mitochondria had synergistic apoptotic effects with subtoxic dose of doxorubicin thereby mitigating cardiotoxicity. Conclusions Together, we show that the mitochondrial transfer through microfluidics can provide potential novel strategies towards tumor cell death. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12575-022-00178-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyueyun Kim
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Magokdong-Ro 2-Gil, Gangseogu, Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ha Choi
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Magokdong-Ro 2-Gil, Gangseogu, Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Mo Moon
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Physiology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minna Woo
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Minsuk Kim
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Magokdong-Ro 2-Gil, Gangseogu, Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Ji X, Mao C, Yu R. BAY-885, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 inhibitor, induces apoptosis by regulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress/Mcl-1/Bim pathway in breast cancer cells. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12888-12898. [PMID: 35609325 PMCID: PMC9275924 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2078557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MEK5)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) axis has been reported to promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer (BC). Therefore, targeting the MEK5/ERK5 axis is a potential strategy against BC. BAY-885 is a novel inhibitor of ERK5; however, to date, its anti-tumor effects in BC have not been investigated. This study aimed to assess the anti-tumor effects of BAY-885 in BC and identify its underlying mechanisms of action. Unlike other ERK5 inhibitors, which frequently failed to mimic ERK5 genetic ablation phenotypes, the BAY-885 treatment effectively recapitulated ERK5 depletion effects in BC cells. Results revealed that BAY-885 affected the viability and induced apoptosis in BC cells. Moreover, the BAY-885-mediated downregulation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and upregulation of Bim were dependent on ERK5 inhibition. Furthermore, BAY-885 triggered activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which further led to the upregulation of Bim and downregulation of Mcl-1. ER stress was induced in an ERK5 inhibition-dependent manner. These findings suggested that BAY-885 induced apoptosis in BC cells via ER stress/Mcl-1/Bim axis, suggesting that BAY-885 may serve as a therapeutic agent for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo
| | - Xiaochun Ji
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo
| | - Chenxiao Mao
- Department of Electronic Commerce, Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology, Ningbo
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo
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Basu A. The interplay between apoptosis and cellular senescence: Bcl-2 family proteins as targets for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107943. [PMID: 34182005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death by apoptosis and permanent cell cycle arrest by senescence serve as barriers to the development of cancer. Chemotherapeutic agents not only induce apoptosis, they can also induce senescence known as therapy-induced senescence (TIS). There are, however, controversies whether TIS improves or worsens therapeutic outcome. Unlike apoptosis, which permanently removes cancer cells, senescent cells are metabolically active, and can contribute to tumor progression and relapse. If senescent cells are not cleared by the immune system or if cancer cells escape senescence, they may acquire resistance to apoptotic stimuli and become highly aggressive. Thus, there have been significant efforts in developing senolytics, drugs that target these pro-survival molecules to eliminate senescent cells. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins not only protect against cell death by apoptosis, but they also allow senescent cells to survive. While combining senolytics with chemotherapeutic drugs is an attractive approach, there are also limitations. Moreover, members of the Bcl-2 family have distinct effects on apoptosis and senescence. The purpose of this review article is to discuss recent literatures on how members of the Bcl-2 family orchestrate the interplay between apoptosis and senescence, and the challenges and progress in targeting these Bcl-2 family proteins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakananda Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Diana A, Gaido G, Maxia C, Murtas D. MicroRNAs at the Crossroad of the Dichotomic Pathway Cell Death vs. Stemness in Neural Somatic and Cancer Stem Cells: Implications and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9630. [PMID: 33348804 PMCID: PMC7766058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness and apoptosis may highlight the dichotomy between regeneration and demise in the complex pathway proceeding from ontogenesis to the end of life. In the last few years, the concept has emerged that the same microRNAs (miRNAs) can be concurrently implicated in both apoptosis-related mechanisms and cell differentiation. Whether the differentiation process gives rise to the architecture of brain areas, any long-lasting perturbation of miRNA expression can be related to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental/neuropathological conditions. Moreover, as a consequence of neural stem cell (NSC) transformation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), the fine modulation of distinct miRNAs becomes necessary. This event implies controlling the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic target genes, which is crucial for the management of neural/neural crest-derived CSCs in brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and melanoma. From a translational point of view, the current progress on the emerging miRNA-based neuropathology therapeutic applications and antitumor strategies will be disclosed and their advantages and shortcomings discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Maxia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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