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Liu R, Zhao Y, Su S, Kwabil A, Njoku PC, Yu H, Li X. Unveiling cancer dormancy: Intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic forces. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216899. [PMID: 38649107 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells disseminate in various distant organs at early stages of cancer progression. These disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can stay dormant/quiescent without causing patient symptoms for years or decades. These dormant tumor cells survive despite curative treatments by entering growth arrest, escaping immune surveillance, and/or developing drug resistance. However, these dormant cells can reactivate to proliferate, causing metastatic progression and/or relapse, posing a threat to patients' survival. It's unclear how cancer cells maintain dormancy and what triggers their reactivation. What are better approaches to prevent metastatic progression and relapse through harnessing cancer dormancy? To answer these remaining questions, we reviewed the studies of tumor dormancy and reactivation in various types of cancer using different model systems, including the brief history of dormancy studies, the intrinsic characteristics of dormant cells, and the external cues at the cellular and molecular levels. Furthermore, we discussed future directions in the field and the strategies for manipulating dormancy to prevent metastatic progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010070, China; Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Shang Su
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Augustine Kwabil
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Prisca Chinonso Njoku
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Haiquan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010070, China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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2
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Park S, Kim S, Lim K, Shin Y, Song K, Kang GH, Kim DY, Shin HC, Cho SG. Thermostable Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Enhances the Production and Activity of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16460. [PMID: 38003648 PMCID: PMC10671285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC)-derived exosomes contain a diverse cargo and exhibit remarkable biological activity, rendering them suitable for regenerative and immune-modulating functions. However, the quantity of secretion is insufficient. A large body of prior work has investigated the use of various growth factors to enhance MSC-derived exosome production. In this study, we evaluated the utilization of thermostable basic fibroblast growth factor (TS-bFGF) with MSC culture and exosome production. MSCs cultured with TS-bFGF displayed superior proliferation, as evidenced by cell cycle analysis, compared with wild-type bFGF (WT-bFGF). Stemness was assessed through mRNA expression level and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays. Furthermore, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) measurements revealed that MSCs cultured with TS-bFGF produced a greater quantity of exosomes, particularly under three-dimensional culture conditions. These produced exosomes demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects, as confirmed by nitric oxide (NO) assays and scratch assays. Taken together, we demonstrate that utilization of TS-bFGF for WJ-MSC-derived exosome production not only increases exosome yield but also enhances the potential for various applications in inflammation regulation and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangRok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
| | - SeJong Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - KyungMin Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - YeoKyung Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonwoo Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- PnP Biopharm Co., Ltd., 1304, Acetechnotower 8-cha, 11 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.K.); (H.-C.S.)
| | - Hang-Cheol Shin
- PnP Biopharm Co., Ltd., 1304, Acetechnotower 8-cha, 11 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.K.); (H.-C.S.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Zhang D, Du Q, Li C, Ding C, Chen J, He Y, Duan T, Feng Q, Yu Y, Zhou Q. Functionalized Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Injectable HA/Gel Hydrogel Synergy in Endometrial Repair and Fertility Recovery. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00339-2. [PMID: 37331615 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) caused by endometrial injury are one of the main causes of female infertility. The current treatments for endometrial injury offer limited clinical benefits and cannot improve endometrial receptivity and pregnancy outcomes. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are considered potential solutions to address this concern and may offer effective treatment methods for the regeneration of injured human endometrium. Herein, we prepared an injectable hydrogel based on oxidized hyaluronic acid (HA-CHO) and hydrazide-grafted gelatin (Gel-ADH). The injectable hydrogel showed satisfactory biocompatibility when mixed with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). In an endometrial injury rat model, the treatment with hUCMSCs-loaded injectable hydrogel significantly enhanced the thickness of the endometrium and increased the abundance of blood vessels and glands in the injured endometrium compared to the control group. The hUCMSCs-loaded injectable hydrogel treatment significantly reduced endometrial fibrosis, decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6) and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10). This treatment induced endometrial VEGF expression by activating the MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Moreover, this treatment improved endometrial receptivity to the embryo and restored the embryo implantation rate similar to the sham group (48% in the sham group vs 46% in the treatment group), and this treatment achieved pregnancy and live birth in rats with endometrial injury. In addition, we also preliminarily validated the safety of this treatment in the maternal rats and fetuses. Collectively, our study showed that the hUCMSCs-loaded injectable hydrogel hold potential as an effective treatment strategy promoting rapid recovery of endometrial injury, and this hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for regenerative medicine applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : 1. Oxidized hyaluronic acid (HA-CHO)/hydrazide-grafted gelatin (Gel-ADH) hydrogel combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are effective in improving the regeneration of endometrium in the endometrial injury rat model. 2. The hUCMSCs-loaded hydrogel treatment promotes the expression of endometrial VEGF through MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway and regulates the balance of inflammatory factors. 3. The embryo implantation and live birth rates restore to normal level in the endometrial injury rat model, and the hydrogel has no adverse effects on maternal rats, fetuses, and offspring development after the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Zhang
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Department of Biomaterial, College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Cong Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Department of Biomaterial, College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Chuanfeng Ding
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tao Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 China; Department of Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhu P, Shen S, Wang Y, Li B, Guo B, Li H. Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhances osteogenesis and promotes critical cranial bone defect regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1208239. [PMID: 37266455 PMCID: PMC10229770 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1208239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Reconstruction of cranial bone defects is one of the most challenging problems in reconstructive surgery, and several biological tissue engineering methods have been used to promote bone repair, such as genetic engineering of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) is an important regulator of bone construction and can be used as a potential gene editing site. However, its role in the osteogenesis process of BMSCs remains unclear. This article clarifies the function of Fgfr2 in BMSCs and explores the role of Fgfr2-overexpressed BMSCs carried by light-induced porous hydrogel (GelMA) in the repair of cranial bone defects. Methods: Lenti-virus was used to overexpress Fgfr2 in BMSCs, and cell counting kit-8, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were conducted to investigate the proliferation, migration, and characteristics. After 0, 3, 7, and 10 days of osteogenic or chondrogenic induction, the changes in osteogenic and chondrogenic ability were detected by real-time PCR, western blot, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin Red staining, and alcian blue staining. To investigate the viability of BMSCs carried by GelMA, calcein and propyl iodide staining were carried out as well. Finally, a critical cranial bone defect model was established in 6-week-old male mice and micro-computerized tomography, masson staining, and immunohistochemistry of OCN were conducted to test the bone regeneration properties of implanting Fgfr2-overexpressed BMSCs with GelMA in cranial bone defects over 6 weeks. Results: Overexpression of Fgfr2 in BMSCs significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration and increased the percentage of CD200+CD105+ cells. After osteogenic and chondrogenic induction, Fgfr2 overexpression enhanced both osteogenic and chondrogenic ability. Furthermore, in cranial bone defect regeneration, BMSCs carried by light-induced GelMA showed favorable biocompatibility, and Fgfr2-overexpressed BMSCs induced superior cranial bone regeneration compared to a normal BMSCs group and an untreated blank group. Conclusion: In vitro, Fgfr2 enhanced the proliferation, migration, and stemness of BMSCs and promoted osteogenesis and chondrogenesis after parallel induction. In vivo, BMSCs with Fgfr2 overexpression carried by GelMA showed favorable performance in treating critical cranial bone defects. This study clarifies the multiple functions of Fgfr2 in BMSCs and provides a new method for future tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peixiang Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Shen
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baochao Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Point Mutation in Prkra Alters miRNA Expression During Embryonic External Ear Development. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:777-784. [PMID: 35968958 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtia is a congenital malformation of the external ear that can lead to conductive hearing impairment. In this study, we investigated the role of the Prkra gene in external ear development. We used advanced sequencing techniques to evaluate the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in external ear development in mouse embryos after point mutation in the Prkra gene. The Prkra Little ear mouse model was used to obtain mouse embryos at the E15.5 and E17.5 developmental stages, and changes in miRNA expression profiles were detected. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotations were performed on differentially expressed miRNAs, and existing and new miRNAs were studied. miRNAs were observed to be involved in multiple signaling pathways during the E15.5 and E17.5 developmental stages. The results show a correlation between miRNA regulation and external ear development in Prkra Little ear mice, and differences were detected in key regulatory miRNAs owing to point mutations in the Prkra gene. This study provides new insights into the biological mechanisms through which miRNAs regulate external ear development in mouse embryos. Changes in the mouse miRNA expression profiles can also provide insights into the pathogenesis of human congenital microtia at the level of miRNA regulation.
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Li Y, Yao X, Lin Y, Xing Y, Liu C, Xu J, Wu D. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes during osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1364-1372. [PMID: 36474568 PMCID: PMC9699953 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65528.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is an essential stage in bone formation. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the self-renewal potential and pluripotency of stem cells. This study aimed to explore the function of autophagy-related genes during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were obtained from the GEO and HADb databases. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using R software. The PPI and hub gene mining networks were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape. Finally, the RT-qPCR was conducted to validate the expression level of ARGs in BMSCs. RESULTS Thirty-seven differentially expressed ARGs were finally obtained, including 12 upregulated and 25 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that most of these genes were enriched in apoptosis and autophagy. The PPI network revealed strong interactions between differentially expressed ARGs. The expression level of differentially expressed ARGs tested by RT-qPCR showed 6 upregulated ARGs, including FOXO1, MAP1LC3C, CTSB, FOXO3, CALCOCO2, FKBP1A, and 4 downregulated ARGs, including MAPK8IP1, NRG1, VEGFA, and ITGA6 were consistent with the expression of high-throughput sequencing data. CONCLUSION We identified 37 ARGs during osteogenic differentiation using bioinformatics analysis. FOXO1, MAP1LC3C, CTSB, FOXO3, CALCOCO2, FKBP1A, MAPK8IP1, NRG1, VEGFA, and ITGA6 may regulate osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by involving autophagy pathway. This study provides new insight into the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and may be available in developing therapeutic strategies for maxillofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Xiu Yao
- Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Department of Implantology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Yanjun Lin
- Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yifeng Xing
- Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Chaowei Liu
- Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Jianghan Xu
- Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Corresponding author: Dong Wu. Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, No. 246, Yangqiao Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
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7
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Sibthorpe PEM, Fitzgerald DM, Chen L, Sillence MN, de Laat MA. A starch-rich treat affects enteroinsular responses in ponies. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:S94-S101. [PMID: 36191143 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.06.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a starch-rich treat, added to the daily diet of ponies for 10 days, on enteroinsular responses to meal consumption. ANIMALS 10 mixed-breed adult ponies owned by Queensland University of Technology were used in the study. Six ponies were metabolically healthy, and 4 were insulin dysregulated at the start of the study, according to the results of an in-feed oral glucose test. PROCEDURES A bread-based treat was offered twice daily for 10 days, adding 0.36 ± 0.04 g/kg body weight (BW) carbohydrates to the daily diet. Before and after treatment, the intestinal capacity for simple carbohydrate absorption was approximated with a modified D-xylose absorption test. Plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), blood glucose, and serum insulin responses to eating were also measured before and after treatment. RESULTS The absorption of D-xylose (area under the curve [AUC]) increased 1.6-fold (P < .001) after 10 days of eating the treat. In addition, while basal (fasted) GLP-2 concentrations were not affected, GLP-2 AUC increased 1.4-fold in response to eating (P = .005). The treat did not change blood glucose or serum insulin concentrations, before, during, or after eating. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A small amount of additional carbohydrate each day in the form of a treat can cause a measurable change in the enteroinsular responses to eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy E M Sibthorpe
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danielle M Fitzgerald
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lan Chen
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin N Sillence
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melody A de Laat
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Bmp5 Mutation Alters miRNA Expression During Embryonic External Ear Development. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:2692-2697. [PMID: 35765140 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT To understand the changes in gene regulation and expression of MicroRNA (miRNA) involved in external mouseear embryonic development after point mutation of the Bmp5 gene, the outer ear tissues of developed E15.5 and E17.5 mouse embryos were obtained using a Bmp5 short ear mouse model, and the changes in miRNA expression profiles were detected. Changes in miRNA expression in the experimental and control groups were identified during Bmp5 short ear mouse embryo development at E15.5 and E17.5. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotations were performed on differentially expressed miRNAs. Multiple signal pathways related to miRNA expression were enhanced during the development of E15.5 and E17.5 embryos of Bmp5 short-ear mice. Based on the basic characteristics of miRNAs, this study aimed to determine the differential expression of miRNAs in Bmp5 short-ear mice during the development of external ear embryos using advanced sequencing techniques. The results showed differences in some key regulatory miRNA changes after point mutations in the Bmp5 gene. This study provides new insights into the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate the development of the external mouse ear. Changes in miRNA expression profiles can also provide clues for studying the biological regulatory mechanism of external ear embryonic development.
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Bai B, Hou M, Hao J, Liu Y, Ji G, Zhou G. Research progress in seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Regen Med 2022; 17:659-675. [PMID: 35703020 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects trouble millions of patients worldwide and their repair via conventional treatment is difficult. Excitingly, tissue engineering technology provides a promising strategy for efficient cartilage regeneration with structural regeneration and functional reconstruction. Seed cells, as biological prerequisites for cartilage regeneration, determine the quality of regenerated cartilage. The proliferation, differentiation and chondrogenesis of seed cells are greatly affected by their type, origin and generation. Thus, a systematic description of the characteristics of seed cells is necessary. This article reviews in detail the cellular characteristics, research progress, clinical translation challenges and future research directions of seed cells while providing guidelines for selecting appropriate seed cells for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshuai Bai
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical University, Wei Fang, Shandong, 261053, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junxiang Hao
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical University, Wei Fang, Shandong, 261053, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanhan Liu
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical University, Wei Fang, Shandong, 261053, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Lv X, Wang L, Zou X, Huang S. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Regenerative Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Opportunities and Challenges. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3927-3936. [PMID: 34584402 PMCID: PMC8462093 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s323107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology with a high rate of disability. Traditional treatments for RA remain a challenging issue. For example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have no therapeutic effects on joint destruction, and the prominent side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms. RA is characterized by recurrence and bone attrition. Therefore, regenerative medicine and the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) therapies have recently emerged as potential options. UC-MSCs are multifunctional stem cells that are present in neonatal umbilical cord tissue and can differentiate into many kinds of cells, which have broad clinical application prospects in the tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, ligament, nerve, liver, endothelium, and myocardium. Moreover, UC-MSCs have advantages, such as convenient collection of materials and no ethical disputes; thus, these cells have attracted increasing attention from researchers. However, there are few clinical studies regarding UC-MSC therapy for RA. In this paper, we will review traditional drugs for RA treatment and then focus on UC-MSC therapy for RA, including preclinical and clinical UC-MSC applications for RA patients in the context of regenerative medicine. Finally, we will summarize the challenges and perspectives of UC-MSCs as a potential therapeutic strategy for RA. This review will help to design and discover more potent and efficacious treatments for RA patients and aid in advancing this class of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liu Zhou, Guang Xi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Wang
- Shaanxi Jiuzhou Biomedical Science and Technology Group, Xi'an, Shaan Xi, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoRong Zou
- Department of Hematology, 986 Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigao Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
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