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Lee J, Park JW, Kim HI, Park CB, Cho SH. Thyroid-gonadal hormonal interplay in zebrafish exposed to sodium perchlorate: Implications for reproductive health. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140662. [PMID: 37949182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate, a widespread environmental contaminant originating from various industrial applications, agricultural practices, and natural sources, poses potential risks to ecosystems and human health. While previous studies have highlighted its influence on the thyroid endocrine system and its impact on gonadal maturation, reproduction, and sex hormone synthesis, the specific interplay between thyroid and steroid hormones, in this context, remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the adverse effects and underlying mechanisms triggered by exposure to sodium perchlorate (SP) on reproductive endocrine activity in zebrafish. For 21 d, the fish were exposed to test SP concentrations (0, 3, 30, 300 mg/L), which were determined based on the exposure concentrations that induced various toxic effects in the fish, considering naturally occurring concentrations. Exposure to SP, except at 3 mg/L in males, significantly decreased the production of thyroid hormone (TH) in both female and male zebrafish. Moreover, gonadal steroid levels were markedly reduced in both sexes. The expression of hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA in female zebrafish was significantly decreased, whereas aromatase activity in male zebrafish was significantly elevated in the SP exposure groups. The reduced levels of THs and gonadal steroid hormones were strongly correlated. Abnormal responses to SP exposure led to reduced reproductive success in the 300 mg/L SP exposure group. These findings indicate that prolonged and continuous exposure to a specific concentration of SP may lead to long-term reproductive problems in zebrafish, primarily through hormonal imbalances and suppression of hepatic VTG mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangjae Lee
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Contreras-Jurado C, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Pérez RF, Alemany S, Fraga MF, Aranda A. The thyroid hormone enhances mouse embryonic fibroblasts reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells: role of the nuclear receptor corepressor 1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1235614. [PMID: 38107517 PMCID: PMC10722291 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1235614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells can be generated from somatic cells by the Yamanaka factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. Methods Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were transduced with the Yamanaka factors and generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was assessed by formation of alkaline phosphatase positive colonies, pluripotency gene expression and embryod bodies formation. Results The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) enhances MEFs reprogramming. T3-induced iPSCs resemble embryonic stem cells in terms of the expression profile and DNA methylation pattern of pluripotency genes, and of their potential for embryod body formation and differentiation into the three major germ layers. T3 induces reprogramming even though it increases expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, which are known to oppose acquisition of pluripotency. The actions of T3 on reprogramming are mainly mediated by the thyroid hormone receptor beta and T3 can enhance iPSC generation in the absence of c-Myc. The hormone cannot replace Oct4 on reprogramming, but in the presence of T3 is possible to obtain iPSCs, although with low efficiency, without exogenous Klf4. Furthermore, depletion of the corepressor NCoR (or Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1) reduces MEFs reprogramming in the absence of the hormone and strongly decreases iPSC generation by T3 and also by 9cis-retinoic acid, a well-known inducer of reprogramming. NCoR depletion also markedly antagonizes induction of pluripotency gene expression by both ligands. Conclusions Inclusion of T3 on reprogramming strategies has a potential use in enhancing the generation of functional iPSCs for studies of cell plasticity, disease and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Contreras-Jurado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Pedrazuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl F. Pérez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (BOS), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Alemany
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario F. Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (BOS), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Hwang E, Doolittle WKL, Zhu YJ, Zhu X, Zhao L, Yu Y, Cheng SY. Thyroid hormone receptor α1: a novel regulator of thyroid cancer cell differentiation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3075-3086. [PMID: 37634007 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) mediates the genomic actions of thyroid hormone (T3). The biology of TRα1 in growth and development has been well studied, but the functional role of TRα1 in cancers remains to be elucidated. Analysis of the human thyroid cancer database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that THRA gene expression is lost in highly dedifferentiated anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). We, therefore, explored the effects of TRα1 on the progression of ATC. We stably expressed TRα1 in two human ATC cell lines, THJ-11T (11T-TRα1 #2, #7, and #8) and THJ-16T (16T-TRα1 #3, #4, and #8) cells. We found that the expressed TRα1 inhibited ATC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. TCGA data showed that THRA gene expression was best correlated with the paired box gene 8 (PAX8). Consistently, we found that the PAX8 expression was barely detectable in parental 11T and 16T cells. However, PAX8 gene expression was elevated in 11T- and 16T-TRα1-expressing cells at the mRNA and protein levels. Using various molecular analyses, we found that TRα1 directly regulated the expression of the PAX8 gene. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses (scRNA-seq) demonstrated that TRα1 functions as a transcription factor through multiple signaling pathways to suppress tumor growth. Importantly, scRNA-seq analysis showed that TRα1-induced PAX8, via its transcription program, shifts the cell landscape of ATC toward a differentiated state. The present studies suggest that TRα1 is a newly identified regulator of thyroid differentiation and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcome of ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Woo Kyung Lee Doolittle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuelin Jack Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Bieńko K, Leszcz M, Więckowska M, Białek J, Petniak A, Szymanowski R, Wilińska A, Piszcz B, Krzyżanowski A, Kwaśniewska A, Płachno BJ, Gil-Kulik P, Kocki J. VEGF Expression in Umbilical Cord MSC Depends on the Patient's Health, the Week of Pregnancy in Which the Delivery Took Place, and the Body Weight of the Newborn - Preliminary Report. Stem Cells Cloning 2023; 16:5-18. [PMID: 37139466 PMCID: PMC10150760 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s399303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cells collected from Wharton's jelly are a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. They can be easily obtained and grown using the adhesive method. They produce many types of proteins, including VEGF. Their role is to participate in angiogenesis, vasodilation, stimulation of cells to migrate, and chemotactic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression of genes from the vascular endothelial growth factor family: VEGFA, VEGFB and VEGFC in MSC and the analysis of dependence of the expression of the studied genes on clinical factors related to the course of pregnancy and childbirth, and health of mother and child. Material and Methods The research material was an umbilical cord obtained from 40 patients hospitalized in the Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No.1 in Lublin. The age of the women was 21-46, all gave birth by cesarean section. Some of the patients suffered from hypertension and hypothyroidism. Material collected from patients immediately after delivery was subjected to enzymatic digestion with type I collagenase. The isolated cells were then cultured in adherent conditions, and then gene expression was assessed using qPCR and the immunophenotype of the cells was assessed cytometrically. Results Conducted studies have shown significant differences in expression of VEGF family genes depending on clinical condition of mother and child. Significant differences in VEGF-family gene expression level in umbilical cord MSC collected from women with hypothyroidism, hypertension, time of labor and birth weight of the baby were shown. Conclusion Probably due to hypoxia (caused, for example, by hypothyroidism or hypertension), the MSCs found in the umbilical cord may react with an increased expression of VEGF and a compensatory increase in the amount of secreted factor, the aim of which is, i.a., vasodilation and increase of blood supply to the fetus through the umbilical vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bieńko
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Leszcz
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Więckowska
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Białek
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Petniak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Szymanowski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wilińska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Piszcz
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Krzyżanowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Gil-Kulik
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: Paulina Gil-Kulik, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., Lublin, 20-080, Poland, Email
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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