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Qaisar R. Targeting neuromuscular junction to treat neuromuscular disorders. Life Sci 2023; 333:122186. [PMID: 37858716 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and preservation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the interface between the motor neuron and skeletal muscle, is critical for maintaining a healthy skeletal muscle. The structural and/or functional defects in the three cellular components of NMJ, namely the pre-synaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and post-synaptic region, negatively affect skeletal muscle mass and/or strength. Therefore, NMJ repair appears to be an appropriate therapy for muscle disorders. Mouse models provide a detailed molecular characterization of various cellular components of NMJ with relevance to human diseases. This review discusses different molecular targets on the three cellular components of NMJ for treating muscle diseases. The potential effects of these therapies on NMJ morphology and motor performance, their therapeutic efficacy, and clinical relevance are discussed. Collectively, the available data supports targeting NMJ alone or as an adjunct therapy in treating muscle disorders. However, the potential impact of such interventions on human patients with muscle disorders requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Yuan W, Liu W, Zhan X, Zhou Y, Ma R, Liang S, Wang T, Ge Z. Inhibition of miR-221-3p promotes axonal regeneration and repair of primary sensory neurons via regulating p27 expression. Neuroreport 2023; 34:471-484. [PMID: 37161985 PMCID: PMC10292576 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the key microRNA (miRNA) playing a vital role in axonal regeneration with a hostile microenvironment after spinal cord injury. Based on the theory that sciatic nerve conditioning injury (SNCI) could promote the repair of the injured dorsal column. Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened according to the microarray, revealing that 47 known miRNAs were differentially expressed after injury and perhaps involved in nerve regeneration. Among the 47 miRNAs, the expression of miR-221-3p decreased sharply in the SNCI group compared with the simple dorsal column lesion (SDCL) group. Subsequently, it was confirmed that p27 was the target gene of miR-221-3p from luciferase reporter assay. Further, we found that inhibition of miR-221-3p expression could specifically target p27 to upregulate the expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), α-tubulin acetyltransferase (α-TAT1) together with α-tubulin, and advance the regeneration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal axons. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are the main components of glial scar, which can hinder the extension and growth of damaged neuronal axons. After CSPGs were used in this study, the results demonstrated that restrained miR-221-3p expression also via p27 promoted the upregulation of GAP-43, α-TAT1, and α-tubulin and enhanced the axonal growth of DRG neurons. Hence, miR-221-3p could contribute significantly to the regeneration of DRG neurons by specifically regulating p27 in the p27/CDK2/GAP-43 and p27/α-TAT1/α-tubulin pathways even in the inhibitory environment with CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
| | - Xuehua Zhan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Yueyong Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Simin Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, 981st Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Chengde, China
| | - Zhaohui Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
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Badiola-Mateos M, Osaki T, Kamm RD, Samitier J. In vitro modelling of human proprioceptive sensory neurons in the neuromuscular system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21318. [PMID: 36494423 PMCID: PMC9734133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive sensory neurons (pSN) are an essential and undervalued part of the neuromuscular circuit. A protocol to differentiate healthy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) human neural stem cells (hNSC) into pSN, and their comparison with the motor neuron (MN) differentiation process from the same hNSC sources, facilitated the development of in vitro co-culture platforms. The obtained pSN spheroids cultured interact with human skeletal myocytes showing the formation of annulospiral wrapping-like structures between TrkC + neurons and a multinucleated muscle fibre, presenting synaptic bouton-like structures in the contact point. The comparative analysis of the genetic profile performed in healthy and sporadic ALS hNSC differentiated to pSN suggested that basal levels of ETV1, critical for motor feedback from pSN, were much lower for ALS samples and that the differences between healthy and ALS samples, suggest the involvement of pSN in ALS pathology development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Badiola-Mateos
- grid.424736.00000 0004 0536 2369Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)—Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 500 Technology Square, MIT Building, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.263145.70000 0004 1762 600XPresent Address: The BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tatsuya Osaki
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 500 Technology Square, MIT Building, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XPresent Address: Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Roger Dale Kamm
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 500 Technology Square, MIT Building, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, MIT Building, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Josep Samitier
- grid.424736.00000 0004 0536 2369Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)—Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.512890.7Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Barrett P, Quick TJ, Mudera V, Player DJ. Neuregulin 1 Drives Morphological and Phenotypical Changes in C2C12 Myotubes: Towards De Novo Formation of Intrafusal Fibres In Vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:760260. [PMID: 35087826 PMCID: PMC8787273 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle spindles are sensory organs that detect and mediate both static and dynamic muscle stretch and monitor muscle position, through a specialised cell population, termed intrafusal fibres. It is these fibres that provide a key contribution to proprioception and muscle spindle dysfunction is associated with multiple neuromuscular diseases, aging and nerve injuries. To date, there are few publications focussed on de novo generation and characterisation of intrafusal muscle fibres in vitro. To this end, current models of skeletal muscle focus on extrafusal fibres and lack an appreciation for the afferent functions of the muscle spindle. The goal of this study was to produce and define intrafusal bag and chain myotubes from differentiated C2C12 myoblasts, utilising the addition of the developmentally associated protein, Neuregulin 1 (Nrg-1). Intrafusal bag myotubes have a fusiform shape and were assigned using statistical morphological parameters. The model was further validated using immunofluorescent microscopy and western blot analysis, directed against an extensive list of putative intrafusal specific markers, as identified in vivo. The addition of Nrg-1 treatment resulted in a 5-fold increase in intrafusal bag myotubes (as assessed by morphology) and increased protein and gene expression of the intrafusal specific transcription factor, Egr3. Surprisingly, Nrg-1 treated myotubes had significantly reduced gene and protein expression of many intrafusal specific markers and showed no specificity towards intrafusal bag morphology. Another novel finding highlights a proliferative effect for Nrg-1 during the serum starvation-initiated differentiation phase, leading to increased nuclei counts, paired with less myotube area per myonuclei. Therefore, despite no clear collective evidence for specific intrafusal development, Nrg-1 treated myotubes share two inherent characteristics of intrafusal fibres, which contain increased satellite cell numbers and smaller myonuclear domains compared with their extrafusal neighbours. This research represents a minimalistic, monocellular C2C12 model for progression towards de novo intrafusal skeletal muscle generation, with the most extensive characterisation to date. Integration of intrafusal myotubes, characteristic of native, in vivo intrafusal skeletal muscle into future biomimetic tissue engineered models could provide platforms for developmental or disease state studies, pre-clinical screening, or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Barrett
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J Quick
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Mudera
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J Player
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Sun JN, Yu XY, Hou B, Ai M, Qi MT, Ma XY, Cai MJ, Gao M, Cai WW, Ni LL, Xu F, Zhou YT, Qiu LY. Vaccarin enhances intestinal barrier function in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174375. [PMID: 34303666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance drive intestinal barrier dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Vaccarin, the main active component in the semen of traditional Chinese medicine Vaccaria has a definite effect on T2DM mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether vaccarin can enhance the intestinal barrier function in T2DM. MAIN METHODS The T2DM mice model was established by streptozocin and high-fat diet. Vaccarin at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day was administered. We evaluated the effects of vaccarin on gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function by 16S rRNA sequencing, Western blot, quantitative fluorescent PCR (qPCR), and morphological observation. Moreover, we constructed a single layer of the human intestinal epithelium model to determine the effect of vaccarin in vitro. RESULTS The experimental results showed that vaccarin alleviated inflammatory mediators in serum and intestinal tissue of mice (P < 0.05), which may depend on the improvement of tight junctions and gut microbiota (P < 0.05). Activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (Erk1/2) stimulated myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). By inhibiting ERK expression (P < 0.05), vaccarin had similar effects to ERK inhibitors. In addition, the regulation of tight junction barriers also involved the abovementioned pathways in vivo. CONCLUSION Vaccarin could protect the intestinal barrier by inhibiting the ERK/MLCK signaling pathway and modulate the composition of the microbiota. These results suggested that vaccarin may be an effective candidate for improving intestinal barrier changes in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Nan Sun
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bao Hou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Min Ai
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Ting Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xin-Yu Ma
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ming-Jie Cai
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Min Gao
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Cai
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lu-Lu Ni
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yue-Tao Zhou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Qiu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Abstract
The muscle spindle is an important sense organ for motor control and proprioception. Specialized intrafusal fibers are innervated by both stretch sensitive afferents and γ motor neurons that control the length of the spindle and tune the sensitivity of the muscle spindle afferents to both dynamic movement and static length. γ motor neurons share many similarities with other skeletal motor neurons, making it challenging to identify and specifically record or stimulate them. This short review will discuss recent advances in genetic and molecular biology techniques, electrophysiological recording, optical imaging, computer modelling, and stem cell culture techniques that have the potential to help answer important questions about fusimotor function in motor control and disease.
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7
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Barrett P, Quick TJ, Mudera V, Player DJ. Generating intrafusal skeletal muscle fibres in vitro: Current state of the art and future challenges. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420985205. [PMID: 34956586 PMCID: PMC8693220 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420985205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrafusal fibres are a specialised cell population in skeletal muscle, found within the muscle spindle. These fibres have a mechano-sensory capacity, forming part of the monosynaptic stretch-reflex arc, a key component responsible for proprioceptive function. Impairment of proprioception and associated dysfunction of the muscle spindle is linked with many neuromuscular diseases. Research to-date has largely been undertaken in vivo or using ex vivo preparations. These studies have provided a foundation for our understanding of muscle spindle physiology, however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms which underpin physiological changes are yet to be fully elucidated. Therefrom, the use of in vitro models has been proposed, whereby intrafusal fibres can be generated de novo. Although there has been progress, it is predominantly a developing and evolving area of research. This narrative review presents the current state of art in this area and proposes the direction of future work, with the aim of providing novel pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Barrett
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom J Quick
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vivek Mudera
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Darren J Player
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Li B, Wang Z, Yu M, Wang X, Wang X, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Sun C, Zhao C, Li Q, Wang W, Wang T, Zhang L, Ning G, Feng S. miR-22-3p enhances the intrinsic regenerative abilities of primary sensory neurons via the CBL/p-EGFR/p-STAT3/GAP43/p-GAP43 axis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4605-4617. [PMID: 31663116 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease. Strategies that enhance the intrinsic regenerative ability are very important for the recovery of SCI to radically prevent the occurrence of sensory disorders. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) showed a limited effect on the growth of primary sensory neuron neurites due to the degradation of phosphorylated-epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR) in a manner dependent on Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) (an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase). MiR-22-3p predicted from four databases could target CBL to inhibit the expression of CBL, increase p-EGFR levels and neurites length via STAT3/GAP43 pathway rather than Erk1/2 axis. EGF, EGFR, and miR-22-3p were downregulated sharply after injury. In vivo miR-22-3p Agomir application could regulate CBL/p-EGFR/p-STAT3/GAP43/p-GAP43 axis, and restore spinal cord sensory conductive function. This study clarified the mechanism of the limited promotion effect of EGF on adult primary sensory neuron neurite and targeting miR-22-3p could be a novel strategy to treat sensory dysfunction after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Leukemia Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union of Medical College, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 30020, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Graduate School, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Chuanjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 981st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Graduate School, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 981st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Translational Medicine, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Translational Medicine, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
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Wang T, Li B, Wang Z, Wang X, Xia Z, Ning G, Wang X, Zhang Y, Cui L, Yu M, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Yuan W, Guo X, Yuan X, Feng S, Chen X. Sorafenib promotes sensory conduction function recovery via miR-142-3p/AC9/cAMP axis post dorsal column injury. Neuropharmacology 2019; 148:347-357. [PMID: 30710569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in sensation dysfunction. This study explored miR-142-3p, which acts a critical role in sciatic nerve conditioning injury (SNCI) promoting the repair of the dorsal column injury and validated its function on primary sensory neuron(DRG). miR-142-3p expression increased greatly in the spinal cord dorsal column lesion (SDCL) group and increased slightly in the SNCI group. Subsequently, the expression of adenylate cyclase 9 (AC9), the target gene of miR-142-3p, declined sharply in the SDCL group and declined limitedly in the SNCI group. The expression trend of cAMP was opposite to that of miR-142-3p. MiR-142-3p inhibitor improved the axon length, upregulated the expression of AC9, cAMP, p-CREB, IL-6, and GAP43, and downregulated the expression of GTP-RhoA. miR-142-3p inhibitor combined with AC9 siRNA showed shorter axon length, the expression of AC9, cAMP, p-CREB, IL-6, and GAP43 was decreased, and the expression of GTP-RhoA was increased. H89 and AG490, inhibitors of cAMP/PKA pathway and IL6/STAT3/GAP43 axis, respectively, declined the enhanced axonal growth by miR-142-3p inhibitor and altered the expression level of the corresponding proteins. Thus, a substitution therapy using Sorafenib that downregulates the miR-142-3p expression for SNCI was investigated. The results showed the effect of Sorafenib was similar to that of miR-142-3p inhibitor and SNCI on both axon growth in vitro and sensory conduction function recovery in vivo. In conclusion, miR-142-3p acts a pivotal role in SNCI promoting the repair of dorsal column injury. Sorafenib mimics the treatment effect of SNCI via downregulation of miR-142-3p, subsequently, promoting sensory conduction function recovery post dorsal column injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 981st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Ziwei Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, PR China
| | - Libin Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, PR China
| | - Mei Yu
- Leukemia Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union of Medical College, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 30020, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 981st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Wenqi Yuan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Neurology, The 981st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, PR China.
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, PR China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
| | - Xueming Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, PR China.
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10
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Investigation of Neuregulin-1 and Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Rodent Astrocytes and Microglia. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:484-493. [PMID: 30680593 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-1258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors play a crucial role during de- and remyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) due to their neurotrophic functions. We have previously shown that the growth factors neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) are upregulated during the first 2 weeks after induction of toxic demyelination in the CNS. Nevertheless, the factors responsible for Nrg-1/Gdnf upregulation and their effects on glia cells are unknown. We investigated the effect on Nrg-1 and Gdnf expressions after stimulation of primary mouse microglia or astrocytes with various pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. Additionally, primary cells were incubated with NRG-1 and/or GDNF followed by determining the gene expression level of their receptors, chemokines, and other growth factors. We demonstrate that inflammatory stimuli have a distinct impact on the expression of Gdnf, Nrg-1, and their receptors in astrocytes and microglia. In microglia, LPS or simultaneous treatment with IFNγ plus TNFα led to downregulation of Nrg-1, whereas LPS treatment slightly increased Nrg-1 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, Gdnf was slightly upregulated after TFG-β treatment in microglia, while Gdnf was significantly upregulated after LPS treatment in astrocytes. In contrast, treatment with GDNF or/and NRG-1 did not alter any measured gene expression in microglia or astrocytes. Taken together, our in vitro studies show that Nrg-1, Gdnf, and their receptors are differently regulated in astrocytes and microglia upon inflammatory stimuli. The lack of response of astrocytes and microglia to NRG-1 and GDNF suggests that both factors exert their effects directly on neurons.
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