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Ferro-Flores G, Ocampo-García B, Cruz-Nova P, Luna-Gutiérrez M, Bravo-Villegas G, Azorín-Vega E, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Michel-Sánchez E, García-Pérez O, Lara-Almazán N, Santos-Cuevas C. 99mTc-Labeled Cyclic Peptide Targeting PD-L1 as a Novel Nuclear Imaging Probe. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2662. [PMID: 38140003 PMCID: PMC10747430 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cancer therapies have focused on reducing immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment to prevent cancer progression and metastasis. PD-1 is a checkpoint protein that stops the immune response and is expressed on immune T cells. Cancer cells express a PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) to bind to the T-cell surface and activate immunosuppressive pathways. This study aimed to design, synthesize, and evaluate a 99mTc-labeled PD-L1-targeting cyclic peptide inhibitor (99mTc-iPD-L1) as a novel SPECT radiopharmaceutical for PD-L1 expression imaging. AutoDock software (version 1.5) was used to perform molecular docking for affinity calculations. The chemical synthesis was based on the coupling reaction of 6-hydrazinylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid with a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide. iPD-L1 was prepared for 99mTc labeling. Radio-HPLC was used to verify radiochemical purity. The stability of the radiopeptide in human serum was evaluated by HPLC. iPD-L1 specificity was assessed by SDS-PAGE. [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1 cellular uptake in PD-L1-positive cancer cells (HCC827 and HCT116) and biodistribution in mice with induced tumors were also performed. One patient with advanced plantar malignant melanoma received [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1. The iPD-L1 ligand (AutoDock affinity: -6.7 kcal/mol), characterized by UPLC mass, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, was obtained with a chemical purity of 97%. The [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1 was prepared with a radiochemical purity of >90%. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1 stability (>90% at 24 h) in human serum, specific recognition for PD-L1, high uptake by the tumor (6.98 ± 0.89% ID/g at 1 h), and rapid hepatobiliary and kidney elimination. [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1 successfully detected PD-L1-positive lesions in a patient with plantar malignant melanoma. The results obtained in this study warrant further dosimetric and clinical studies to determine the sensitivity and specificity of [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1/SPECT for PD-L1 expression imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico
| | - Pedro Cruz-Nova
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico
| | - Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico
| | | | - Erika Azorín-Vega
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico
| | | | - Emiliano Michel-Sánchez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo García-Pérez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Nancy Lara-Almazán
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico
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Liu WL, Zhang YQ, Luo XJ, Zhu YY, Song L, Ming ZH, Zhang LX, Li MJ, Lv RC, Zhang GJ, Chen M. Novel Dual-Mode NIR-II/MRI Nanoprobe Targeting PD-L1 Accurately Evaluates the Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5141-5157. [PMID: 37705867 PMCID: PMC10497065 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Durable responses to immune-checkpoint blocking therapy (ICT) targeting programmed cell death protein-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) have improved outcomes for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Unfortunately, only 19-23% of patients benefit from ICT. Hence, non-invasive strategies evaluating responses to therapy and selecting patients who will benefit from ICT are critical issues for TNBC immunotherapy. Methods We developed a novel nanoparticle-Atezolizumab (NPs-Ate) consisting of indocyanine green (ICG), gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), human serum albumin (HSA), and Atezolizumab. The efficiency of Gd-DTPA linking was verified using mass spectrometry, and the size of NPs-Ate was characterized using Nano-flow cytometry. The synthesized NPs-Ate were evaluated for fluorescence stability, penetration depth, and target specificity. TNBC cell lines and tumor-bearing mice models were used to identify the feasibility of this dual-modal second near-infrared/magnetic resonance imaging (NIR-II/MRI) system. Additionally, ICT combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in TNBC tumor-bearing mice models were used to assess dynamic changes of PD-L1 and predicted therapeutic responses with NPs-Ate. Results Atezolizumab, a monoclonal antibody, was successfully labeled with ICG and Gd-DTPA to generate NPs-Ate. This demonstrated strong fluorescence signals in our NIR-II imaging system, and relaxivity (γ1) of 9.77 mM-1 s-1. In tumor-bearing mice, the NIR-II imaging signal background ratio (SBR) reached its peak of 11.51 at 36 hours, while the MRI imaging SBR reached its highest as 1.95 after 12 hours of tracer injection. NPs-Ate specifically targets cells and tumors expressing PD-L1, enabling monitoring of PD-L1 status during immunotherapy. Combining therapies led to inhibited tumor growth, prolonged survival, and increased PD-L1 expression, effectively monitored using the non-invasive NPs-Ate imaging system. Conclusion The NIR-II/MRI NPs-Ate effectively reflected PD-L1 status during immunotherapy. Real-time and non-invasive immunotherapy and response/prognosis monitoring under NIR-II/MRI imaging guidance in TNBC is a promising and innovative technology with potential for extensive clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Liu
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qu Zhang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Jie Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Song
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Technology University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-He Ming
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Zhang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jun Li
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Chan Lv
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
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Ge S, Jia T, Li J, Zhang B, Sang S, Deng S. Molecular imaging of immune checkpoints in oncology: Current and future applications. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215896. [PMID: 36041658 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) blockade therapy has become the first-line treatment for various cancers. However, the low response rate and acquired drug resistance severely restrict the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nuclide molecular imaging of ICs can provide non-invasive and whole-body visualization of in vivo IC dynamic biodistribution. Therefore, molecular imaging of ICs can predict and monitor responses to ICIs as a complementary tool to existing immunohistochemical techniques. Herein, we outlined the current status and recent advances in molecular imaging of the "first-generation" and "next-generation" ICs in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Tongtong Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jihui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Shibiao Sang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621099, China.
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Liu WL, Zhang YQ, Li LT, Zhu YY, Ming ZH, Chen WL, Yang RQ, Li RH, Chen M, Zhang GJ. Application of molecular imaging in immune checkpoints therapy: From response assessment to prognosis prediction. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103746. [PMID: 35752425 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) represented by programmed cell death1 (PD-1) and its major ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has achieved significant success. Detection of PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a classic method to guide the treatment of ICT patients. However, PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment is highly complex. Thus, PD-L1 IHC is inadequate to fully understand the relevance of PD-L1 levels in the whole body and their dynamics to improve therapeutic outcomes. Intriguingly, numerous studies have revealed that molecular imaging technologies could potentially meet this need. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the preclinical and clinical application of ICT guided by molecular imaging technology, and to explore the future opportunities and practical difficulties of these innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Liu
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Qu Zhang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Liang-Tao Li
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Zi-He Ming
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Ling Chen
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui-Qin Yang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong-Hui Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China.
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5
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Hughes DJ, Chand G, Goh V, Cook GJR. Retraction Note to: Inter- and intraobserver agreement of the quantitative assessment of [ 99mTc]-labelled anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) SPECT/CT in non-small cell lung cancer. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:102. [PMID: 34637006 PMCID: PMC8511188 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Johnathan Hughes
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,King's College London & Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK
| | - Gitasha Chand
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Department of Research and Development, NanoMab Technology Limited, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Vicky Goh
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Department of Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gary J R Cook
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK. .,King's College London & Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK.
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Leung D, Bonacorsi S, Smith RA, Weber W, Hayes W. Molecular Imaging and the PD-L1 Pathway: From Bench to Clinic. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698425. [PMID: 34497758 PMCID: PMC8420047 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors target the important molecular interplay between PD-1 and PD-L1, a key pathway contributing to immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Long-term clinical benefit has been observed in patients receiving PD-(L)1 inhibitors, alone and in combination with other treatments, across multiple tumor types. PD-L1 expression has been associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and treatment strategies are often guided by immunohistochemistry-based diagnostic tests assessing expression of PD-L1. However, challenges related to the implementation, interpretation, and clinical utility of PD-L1 diagnostic tests have led to an increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies exploring interrogation of the TME by real-time imaging of PD-(L)1 expression by positron emission tomography (PET). PET imaging utilizes radiolabeled molecules to non-invasively assess PD-(L)1 expression spatially and temporally. Several PD-(L)1 PET tracers have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies, with clinical trials in progress to assess their use in a number of cancer types. This review will showcase the development of PD-(L)1 PET tracers from preclinical studies through to clinical use, and will explore the opportunities in drug development and possible future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Leung
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Samuel Bonacorsi
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Ralph Adam Smith
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Technische Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wendy Hayes
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
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