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Huang S, Zheng R, Kang Y, Yang L, Gao J, Liu Q, Weng S, He J, Xie J. Orange-spotted grouper IFNh response to NNV or MSRV and its potential antiviral activities. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109345. [PMID: 38154761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) plays a crucial role in the antiviral immune response. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) are the most important viruses in cultured larvae and juveniles, causing great economic losses to fish farming. To better understand the antiviral activities and immunoregulatory role of IFN from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), EcIFNh was cloned from NNV infected sample. EcIFNh has an open reading frame (ORF) of 552 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 183 amino acids. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that EcIFNh was clustered into the IFNh branch. The tissue distribution analysis revealed that EcIFNh was highly expressed in the liver and brain of healthy orange-spotted grouper. The mRNA levels of EcIFNh were significantly upregulated after poly (I:C) stimulation and NNV or MSRV infection. Furthermore, the promoter of EcIFNh was characterized and significantly activated by EcMDA5, EcMAVS, EcSTING, EcIRF3, and EcIRF7 in the luciferase activity assays. We found that EcIFNh overexpression resisted the replication of NNV and MSRV, while EcIFNh silencing facilitated NNV replication in GB cells. In addition, EcIFNh recombinant protein (rEcIFNh) enhanced the immune response by inducing the expression of ISGs in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the potential application of rEcIFNh for anti-NNV and anti-MSRV. Taken together, our research may offer the foundation for virus-IFN system interaction in orange-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Huang S, Huang Y, Su T, Huang R, Su L, Wu Y, Weng S, He J, Xie J. Orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus-encoded protein A induces interferon expression via RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS-TBK1-IRF3 signaling in fish cells. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0453222. [PMID: 38095472 PMCID: PMC10783131 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04532-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE As a major pathogen, nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infects more than 120 fish species worldwide and is virulent to larvae and juvenile fish, hampering the development of the fish fry industry. Understanding virus-host interaction and underlying mechanisms is an important but largely unknown issue in fish virus studies. Here, using channel catfish ovary and fathead minnow cells as models for the study of innate immunity signaling, we found that NNV-encoded ProA activated interferon signaling via the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathway which was still suppressed by the infection of wild-type NNV. This finding has important implications for the comprehension of NNV protein function and the immune response from different cells. First, RIG-I is the key node for anti-NNV innate immunity. Second, the response intensity of RLR signaling determines the degree of NNV proliferation. This study expands our knowledge regarding the overview of signal pathways affected by NNV-encoded protein and also highlights potential directions for the control of aquatic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taowen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runqing Huang
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China
| | - Lianpan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Yang JI, Sepúlveda D, Vardia I, Skov J, Goksøyr L, Sander AF, Lorenzen N. High immunogenicity of virus-like particles (VLPs) decorated with Aeromonas salmonicida VapA antigen in rainbow trout. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139206. [PMID: 37283749 PMCID: PMC10239931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium A. salmonicida is the causal agent of furunculosis and used to be one of the most loss-causing bacterial infections in the salmonid aquaculture industry with a mortality rate of about 90% until the 1990s, when an inactivated vaccine with mineral oil as adjuvant was successfully implemented to control the disease. However, the use of this vaccine is associated with inflammatory side effects in the peritoneal cavity as well as autoimmune reactions in Atlantic salmon, and incomplete protection has been reported in rainbow trout. We here aimed at developing and testing a recombinant alternative vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLPs) decorated with VapA, the key structural surface protein in the outer A-layer of A. salmonicida. The VLP carrier was based on either the capsid protein of a fish nodavirus, namely red grouper nervous necrotic virus (RGNNV) or the capsid protein of Acinetobacter phage AP205. The VapA and capsid proteins were expressed individually in E. coli and VapA was fused to auto-assembled VLPs using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology. Rainbow trout were vaccinated/immunized with the VapA-VLP vaccines by intraperitoneal injection and were challenged with A. salmonicida 7 weeks later. The VLP vaccines provided protection comparable to that of a bacterin-based vaccine and antibody response analysis demonstrated that vaccinated fish mounted a strong VapA-specific antibody response. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the potential use of antigen-decorated VLPs for vaccination against a bacterial disease in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Yang
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dagoberto Sepúlveda
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irina Vardia
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Skov
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam F. Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Lorenzen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Identification of B-Cell Epitopes on Capsid Protein Reveals Two Potential Neutralization Mechanisms in Red-Spotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0174822. [PMID: 36633407 PMCID: PMC9888288 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01748-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a formidable pathogen in marine and freshwater fish, has inflicted enormous financial tolls on the aquaculture industry worldwide. Although capsid protein (CP) is the sole structural protein with pathogenicity and antigenicity, public information on immunodominant regions remains extremely scarce. Here, we employed neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) CNPgg2018 in combination with partially overlapping truncated proteins and peptides to identify two minimal B-cell epitope clusters on CP, 122GYVAGFL128 and 227SLYNDSL233. Site-directed mutational analysis confirmed residues Y123, G126, and L128 and residues L228, Y229, N230, D231, and L233 as the critical residues responsible for the direct interaction with ligand, respectively. According to homologous modeling and bioinformatic evaluation, 122GYVAGFL128 is harbored at the groove of the CP junction with strict conservation among all NNV isolates, while 227SLYNDSL233 is localized in proximity to the tip of a viral protrusion having relatively high evolutionary dynamics in different genotypes. Additionally, 227SLYNDSL233 was shown to be a receptor-binding site, since the corresponding polypeptide could moderately suppress RGNNV multiplication by impeding virion entry. In contrast, 122GYVAGFL128 seemed dedicated only to stabilizing viral native conformation and not to assisting initial virus attachment. Altogether, these findings contribute to a novel understanding of the antigenic distribution pattern of NNV and the molecular basis for neutralization, thus advancing the development of biomedical products, especially epitope-based vaccines, against NNV. IMPORTANCE NNV is a common etiological agent associated with neurological virosis in multiple aquatic organisms, causing significant hazards to the host. However, licensed drugs or vaccines to combat NNV infection are very limited to date. Toward the advancement of broad-spectrum prophylaxis and therapeutics against NNV, elucidating the diversity of immunodominant regions within it is undoubtedly essential. Here, we identified two independent B-cell epitopes on NNV CP, followed by the confirmation of critical amino acid residues participating in direct interaction. These two sites were distributed on the shell and protrusion domains of the virion, respectively, and mediated the neutralization exerted by MAbs via drastically distinct mechanisms. Our work promotes new insights into NNV antigenicity as well as neutralization and, more importantly, offers promising targets for the development of antiviral countermeasures.
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Yang JI, Kim KH. Display of Streptococcus iniae α-Enolase on the Surface of Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) of Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Using SpyTag/SpyCatcher. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1066-1072. [PMID: 36171522 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines are promising candidates for overcoming the safety problems of live vaccines and weak immunogenicity of subunit vaccines. VLPs can be used as a platform for the development of combined vaccines by expressing foreign antigens, and foreign antigens can be displayed on the surface of VLPs by conjugation. In the present study, to use nervous necrosis virus (NNV) VLPs as a delivery tool for Streptococcus iniae α-enolase by displaying on the VLP's surface, the split-intein (SpyTag/SpyCatcher) conjugation system was used. NNV capsid protein fused to SpyTag (Capsid-SpyTag) and S. iniae α-enolase fused to SpyCatcher (α-enolase-SpyCatcher) were recombinantly produced, then mixed in various ratios. A ratio of Capsid-SpyTag to α-enolase-SpyCatcher of 1 to 1.5 showed the highest coupling efficiency corresponding to 83-92% of coupled capsid protein dimer and 32-52% of coupled capsid protein monomer. In TEM observation, VLP of Capsid-SpyTag had a regular shape and size of about 40 nm, while VLP fused with α-enolase-SpyCatcher showed an irregular shape and size of about 40-50 nm in diameter. In preliminary immunization experiments, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) immunized with VLP fused with α-enolase-SpyCatcher showed the lowest cumulative mortality against S. iniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Yang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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Sub-3 Å Cryo-EM Structures of Necrosis Virus Particles via the Use of Multipurpose TEM with Electron Counting Camera. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136859. [PMID: 34202259 PMCID: PMC8268952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During this global pandemic, cryo-EM has made a great impact on the structure determination of COVID-19 proteins. However, nearly all high-resolution results are based on data acquired on state-of-the-art microscopes where their availability is restricted to a number of centers across the globe with the studies on infectious viruses being further regulated or forbidden. One potential remedy is to employ multipurpose microscopes. Here, we investigated the capability of 200 kV multipurpose microscopes equipped with a direct electron camera in determining the structures of infectious particles. We used 30 nm particles of the grouper nerve necrosis virus as a test sample and obtained the cryo-EM structure with a resolution as high as ∼2.7 Å from a setting that used electron counting. For comparison, we tested a high-end cryo-EM (Talos Arctica) using a similar virus (Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus) to obtain virtually the same resolution. Those results revealed that the resolution is ultimately limited by the depth of field. Our work updates the density maps of these viruses at the sub-3Å level to allow for building accurate atomic models from de novo to provide structural insights into the assembly of the capsids. Importantly, this study demonstrated that multipurpose TEMs are capable of the high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination of infectious particles and is thus germane to the research on pandemics.
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7
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Nakahira Y, Mizuno K, Yamashita H, Tsuchikura M, Takeuchi K, Shiina T, Kawakami H. Mass Production of Virus-Like Particles Using Chloroplast Genetic Engineering for Highly Immunogenic Oral Vaccine Against Fish Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717952. [PMID: 34497627 PMCID: PMC8419230 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), which is one of the most serious fish diseases leading to mass mortality in a wide range of fish species worldwide. Although a few injectable inactivated vaccines are commercially available, there is a need for more labor-saving, cost-effective, and fish-friendly immunization methods. The use of transgenic plants expressing pathogen-derived recombinant antigens as edible vaccines is an ideal way to meet these requirements. In this study, chloroplast genetic engineering was successfully utilized to overexpress the red-spotted grouper NNV capsid protein (RGNNV-CP). The RGNNV-CP accumulated at high levels in all young, mature, and old senescent leaves of transplastomic tobacco plants (averaging approximately 3 mg/g leaf fresh weight). The RGNNV-CP efficiently self-assembled into virus-like particles (RGNNV-VLPs) in the chloroplast stroma of the transgenic lines, which could be readily observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection and oral administration of the crudely purified protein extract containing chloroplast-derived RGNNV-VLPs provided the sevenband grouper fish with sufficient protection against RGNNV challenge, and its immunogenicity was comparable to that of a commercial injectable vaccine. These findings indicate that chloroplast-derived VLP vaccines may play a promising role in the prevention of various diseases, not only in fish but also in other animals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Nakahira
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoichi Nakahira,
| | | | | | | | - Kaoru Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Division of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
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Lazutka J, Simutis K, Matulis P, Petraitytė-Burneikienė R, Kučinskaitė-Kodzė I, Simanavičius M, Tamošiunas PL. Antigenicity study of the yeast-generated human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) virus-like particles. Virus Res 2020; 292:198236. [PMID: 33242523 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a novel tetraparvovirus that was isolated from intravenous drug users in 2005. Recombinant PARV4 capsid protein VP2 can form stable virus-like particles (VLPs) in yeast. These VLPs could act as antigen carriers during vaccine development. Therefore, the information about PARV4 VP2 VLP antigenic sites could advance further research in this area. In this work, human parvovirus 4 VLPs obtained from yeast were used to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in mice. Epitope mapping of the obtained mAbs showed at least three distinct antigenic sites of the VP2 protein. On top of that, molecular cloning was used to replace PARV4 VP2 antigenic sites with heterologous peptides. The chimeric PARV4 VLPs bearing polyhistidine inserts obtained from yeast were observed using electron microscopy while polyhistidine-specific antibodies detected heterologous peptides of the chimeric VP2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Lazutka
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Karolis Simutis
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Matulis
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Petraitytė-Burneikienė
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Kučinskaitė-Kodzė
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al.7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Simanavičius
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al.7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Lukas Tamošiunas
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Štěrbová P, Wu D, Lou YC, Wang CH, Chang WH, Tzou DLM. NMR assignments of protrusion domain of capsid protein from dragon grouper nervous necrosis virus. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:63-66. [PMID: 31848940 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-019-09921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a non-enveloped virus that causes massive mortality in aquaculture fish production worldwide. Recently X-ray crystallography and single particle cryo-EM have independently determined the icosahedral capsid of NNV to near-atomic resolutions to show the capsid protein is composed of a S-domain (shell) and a P-domain (protrusion) connected by a linker. However, the structure of the spike on NNV capsid made of trimeric P-domains was poorly resolved by cryo-EM. In addition, comparing the spike in the cryo-EM with that by X-ray suggests that the P-domain can move drastically relative to the shell, implicating an underlying structural mechanism during the infectious process. Yet, it remains unclear that such structural re-arrangement is ascribed to the change of the conformation of individual P-domain or in the association among P-domains. Given that molecular structure of the P-domain in solution phase is still lacking, we aim to determine the structure of the P-domain by solution NMR spectroscopy. In this communication, we report backbone and side chain 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts of the P-domain (residues 221-338) together with the linker region (residues 214-220), revealing ten β-strands via chemical shift propensity analysis. Our findings are consistent with the X-ray crystal structure of the P-domain reported elsewhere. The current study provides a framework towards further structural analyses of the P-domain in various solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Štěrbová
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Danni Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Chao Lou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hsiung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Hau Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Der-Lii M Tzou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Marsian J, Hurdiss DL, Ranson NA, Ritala A, Paley R, Cano I, Lomonossoff GP. Plant-Made Nervous Necrosis Virus-Like Particles Protect Fish Against Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:880. [PMID: 31354759 PMCID: PMC6629939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) of the fish virus, Atlantic Cod Nervous necrosis virus (ACNNV), were successfully produced by transient expression of the coat protein in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. VLPs could also be produced in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells. The protein extracted from plants self-assembled into T = 3 particles, that appeared to be morphologically similar to previously analyzed NNV VLPs when analyzed by high resolution cryo-electron microscopy. Administration of the plant-produced VLPs to sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) showed that they could protect the fish against subsequent virus challenge, indicating that plant-produced vaccines may have a substantial future role in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Marsian
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel L. Hurdiss
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anneli Ritala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Richard Paley
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Cano
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
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Syomin BV, Ilyin YV. Virus-Like Particles as an Instrument of Vaccine Production. Mol Biol 2019; 53:323-334. [PMID: 32214478 PMCID: PMC7088979 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The paper discusses the techniques which are currently implemented for vaccine production based on virus-like particles (VLPs). The factors which determine the characteristics of VLP monomers assembly are provided in detail. Analysis of the literature demonstrates that the development of the techniques of VLP production and immobilization of target antigens on their surface have led to the development of universal platforms which make it possible for virtually any known antigen to be exposed on the particle surface in a highly concentrated form. As a result, the focus of attention has shifted from the approaches to VLP production to the development of a precise interface between the organism's immune system and the peptides inducing a strong immune response to pathogens or the organism's own pathological cells. Immunome-specified methods for vaccine design and the prospects of immunoprophylaxis are discussed. Certain examples of vaccines against viral diseases and cancers are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Syomin
- Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge (ISSEK),
National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. V. Ilyin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Altered conformational structures of nervous necrosis virus surface protrusions and free coat proteins after incubation at moderate-low temperatures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8647. [PMID: 31201359 PMCID: PMC6573060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a pathogenic fish virus belonging to family Nodaviridae. The objective of this study was to analyze stabilities of NNV surface protrusion and free coat protein (CP) conformational structures by analyzing changes of NNV infectivity and antigenicity after incubation at moderate-low temperatures. When cultured NNV suspension was incubated at 45 °C, its infectivity declined gradually but its antigenicity maintained. In contrast, both infectivity and antigenicity of purified NNV declined after incubation at 45 °C. After heat-treatment, surface protrusions of NNV particles disappeared completely, although viral particle structures maintained. Therefore, the reduction in NNV infectivity appeared to specifically occur as a result of heat-denaturation of virus surface protrusions. The loss of NNV infectivity in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) was delayed compared to virus heated in the absence of FBS, demonstrating that FBS could function as a stabilizer for conformational structures of NNV surface protrusions. Moreover, the stabilizing function of FBS changed depending on salt concentration. Continued maintenance of antigenicity for heated cultured NNV suspension containing free-CPs may suggest that conformational structures corresponding to protrusion-domain of free-CP are more heat-stable than those of surface protrusions on NNV particles.
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13
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Cryo-electron Microscopy Structures of Novel Viruses from Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain with Multiple Infections. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02255-18. [PMID: 30651355 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02255-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses associated with sleeping disease (SD) in crabs cause great economic losses to aquaculture, and no effective measures are available for their prevention. In this study, to help develop novel antiviral strategies, single-particle cryo-electron microscopy was applied to investigate viruses associated with SD. The results not only revealed the structure of mud crab dicistrovirus (MCDV) but also identified a novel mud crab tombus-like virus (MCTV) not previously detected using molecular biology methods. The structure of MCDV at a 3.5-Å resolution reveals three major capsid proteins (VP1 to VP3) organized into a pseudo-T=3 icosahedral capsid, and affirms the existence of VP4. Unusually, MCDV VP3 contains a long C-terminal region and forms a novel protrusion that has not been observed in other dicistrovirus. Our results also reveal that MCDV can release its genome via conformation changes of the protrusions when viral mixtures are heated. The structure of MCTV at a 3.3-Å resolution reveals a T= 3 icosahedral capsid with common features of both tombusviruses and nodaviruses. Furthermore, MCTV has a novel hydrophobic tunnel beneath the 5-fold vertex and 30 dimeric protrusions composed of the P-domains of the capsid protein at the 2-fold axes that are exposed on the virion surface. The structural features of MCTV are consistent with a novel type of virus.IMPORTANCE Pathogen identification is vital for unknown infectious outbreaks, especially for dual or multiple infections. Sleeping disease (SD) in crabs causes great economic losses to aquaculture worldwide. Here we report the discovery and identification of a novel virus in mud crabs with multiple infections that was not previously detected by molecular, immune, or traditional electron microscopy (EM) methods. High-resolution structures of pathogenic viruses are essential for a molecular understanding and developing new disease prevention methods. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the mud crab tombus-like virus (MCTV) and mud crab dicistrovirus (MCDV) determined in this study could assist the development of antiviral inhibitors. The identification of a novel virus in multiple infections previously missed using other methods demonstrates the usefulness of this strategy for investigating multiple infectious outbreaks, even in humans and other animals.
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Zhou Q, Zhang J, Huang R, Huang S, Wu Y, Huang L, He J, Xie J. An affinity peptide exerts antiviral activity by strongly binding nervous necrosis virus to block viral entry. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:465-473. [PMID: 30521966 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) causes viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a disease that leads to almost 100% mortality among larvae and juvenile fish, severely affecting the aquaculture industry. VNN vaccines based on inactivated viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs) are unsuitable for fish fry with immature adaptive immune systems. Here, we applied an anti-NNV strategy based on affinity peptides (AFPs). Three phage display peptide libraries were screened against RBS, the VLP of orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV). From the positive clones, a dodecapeptide with the highest binding capacity (BC) to RBS was selected. This AFP agglutinated or disrupted virion particles, inhibiting RBS entry into sea bass (SB) cells. To enhance BC and solubility, we amended the AFP sequence as "LHWDFQSWVPLL" and named as 12C. One to three copies of 12C in tandem were prokaryotically expressed with a maltose binding protein (MBP) linked by a flexible peptide. Of the recombinant proteins expressed, MBP-triple-12C (MBP-T12C) exhibited the highest BC, efficiently blocked RBS entry, and strongly inhibited OGNNV infection at viral entry. Moreover, MBP-T12C bound the VLPs of all NNV serotypes, displaying broad-spectrum anti-NNV ability, and recognized only OGNNV and mud crab virus, demonstrating binding specificity. Therefore, these anti-NNV AFPs specifically bound NNV, aggregating or disrupting the viral particles, to reduce the contact probability between the virus and cell surface, subsequently inhibiting viral infection. Our results not only provided a candidate of anti-NNV AFP, but a framework for the development of antiviral AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Huang R, Zhu G, Zhang J, Lai Y, Xu Y, He J, Xie J. Betanodavirus-like particles enter host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a cholesterol-, pH- and cytoskeleton-dependent manner. Vet Res 2017; 48:8. [PMID: 28179028 PMCID: PMC5299686 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Betanodavirus, also referred to nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is the causative agent of the fatal disease, viral nervous necrosis and has brought significant economic losses in marine and freshwater cultured fish, especially larvae and juveniles. Here, we used an established invasion model with virus-like particle (VLP)-cells, mimicking orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV), to investigate the crucial events of virus entry. VLP were observed in the perinuclear regions of Asian sea bass (SB) cells within 1.5 h after attachment. VLP uptake was strongly inhibited when cells were pretreated with biochemical inhibitors (chlorpromazine and dynasore) blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) or transfected with siRNA against clathrin heavy and light chains. Inhibitors against key regulators of caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis had no effect on VLP uptake. In contrast, disruption of cellular cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or reduction of cholesterol fluidity by Cholera toxin B subunit significantly decreased VLP entry. Furthermore, VLP entry is dependent on low pH and cytoskeleton, demonstrated by inhibitor (chloroquine, ammonia chloride, cytochalasin D, wiskostatin, and nocodazole) perturbation. Therefore, OGNNV VLP enter SB cells via CME depending on dynamin-2, cholesterol and its fluidity, low pH, and cytoskeleton. In addition, ten more cell lines were screened for VLP entry and VLP can only enter NNV-sensitive cells, GB and SSN-1, via CME, indicating that CME is the common endocytosis pathway for VLP. These results may provide the data for NNV entry without the influence of the viral genome, an ideal model for exploring the behaviour of betanodavirus in cells, and valuable references to vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guohua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuxiong Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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Prokaryotic Production of Virus-Like Particle Vaccine of Betanodavirus. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1404:211-223. [PMID: 27076301 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a serious disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. To control this disease, vaccines of subunit capsid proteins (recombinant proteins or peptides), inactivated viruses, and virus-like particles (VLPs) were developed. VLP, which is highly similar to the wild-type virus in virion structure and contains no viral genome, was proved as one of the good and safe vaccines that can activate humoral immune response in the long term and induce cellular and innate immunities in the early stage post-immunization. The VLP vaccines can be expressed in vitro either by Baculovirus-based or yeast-based eukaryotic system or by bacterial expression system. In this chapter, the prokaryotic expression and the subsequent purification of VLP of betanodavirus orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV) are presented.
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17
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Wang HW, Lei J, Shi Y. Biological cryo-electron microscopy in China. Protein Sci 2016; 26:16-31. [PMID: 27534377 PMCID: PMC5192968 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) plays an increasingly more important role in structural biology. With the construction of an arm of the Chinese National Protein Science Facility at Tsinghua University, biological cryo‐EM has entered a phase of rapid development in China. This article briefly reviews the history of biological cryo‐EM in China, describes its current status, comments on its impact on the various biological research fields, and presents future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianlin Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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