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Sarpong D, Amankwaa G, Martienssen M, Burkhardt M. A novel biomethane (BMP) and composting (CMP) potential framework for determining biogas and composting potential of urban organic waste. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1471-1482. [PMID: 36436225 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2145241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Without treatment, urban market-generated organic waste is discarded in landfills. This could cause environmental contamination due to leachate. This study aims to develop a novel bio-methane and composting potential framework for evaluating the biogas and compostability of organic waste from the Bantama market in Kumasi. Using novel dashboards, the bio-methane and composting potentials were evaluated, and the Theoretical Biomethane Potential (TBMP) was reported to be between 331.52 and 457.93 l CH4/kg VS for carrot leaves and banana peels, respectively, assuming a biodegradability of 80% for the substrates. Only one of the four conditions for compostability was met by the substrates, indicating that they are not suitable for direct composting. In order to optimize the potential of the waste, an integrated system of anaerobic digestion (AD) and composting was utilized. The proposed plant was profitable since the payback period was less than two years, the Net Present Value (NPV) was greater than one, and the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was greater than one. The anaerobic digester and composting plant are capable of producing 12269392 kWh of electricity and 19585 kg of compost per year, respectively. Lastly, the AD and composting technologies at the Bantama market are cost-effective. The government and municipalities may therefore assist private investors in constructing a waste processing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Sarpong
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Science, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Gordon Amankwaa
- Department of City and Regional Planning, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marion Martienssen
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Science, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Marko Burkhardt
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Science, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
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Song C, Cai F, Yang S, Wang L, Liu G, Chen C. Machine learning-based prediction of methane production from lignocellulosic wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:129953. [PMID: 37914053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical methane potential test is a standard method to determine the biodegradability of lignocellulosic wastes (LWs) during anaerobic digestion (AD) with disadvantages of long experiment duration and high operating expense. This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the cumulative methane yield (CMY) using the data of 157 LWs regarding physicochemical characteristics, digestion condition and methane yield, with the coefficient of determination equal to 0.869. Model interpretability analyses underscored lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as pivotal attributes for CMY prediction. For the feedstocks with a cellulose content exceeding about 50%, the CMY in the early AD stage would be relatively lower than those with low cellulose content, but prolonging digestion time could promote methane production. Besides, lignin content in feedstock surpassing 15% would significantly inhibit methane production. This work contributes to valuable guidance for feedstock selection and operation optimization for AD plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanfan Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ligong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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3
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Cubero-Cardoso J, Jiménez-Páez E, Trujillo-Reyes Á, Serrano A, Urbano J, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Borja R, Fermoso FG. Valorization of strawberry extrudate waste: Recovery of phenolic compounds by direct-hydrothermal treatment and subsequent methane production by mesophilic semi-continuous anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:310-318. [PMID: 37499411 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry extrudate (SE) is an underused by-product from strawberry industry. Recovery of the phenolic compounds present in SE would represent a very interesting valorisation option. Two main challenges need to be solved, firstly, the solubilisation and recovery of the phenolic compounds contained in SE, and, after that, the stabilisation of the resulted de-phenolized SE. The present research evaluates the potential of a biorefinery process combining a hydrothermal pre-treatment, followed by a phenolic extraction process and, finally, the anaerobic digestion of the remaining SE for producing energy that will contribute to compensate the energy requirements of the whole system. Following the hydrothermal pre-treatment at 170 °C for 60 min, an extraction of 0.6 ± 0.1 g of gallic acid per kilogram of SE was achieved using an adsorbent resin, representing a recovery rate of 64 %. Long-term semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of de-phenolized SE was evaluated at different organic loading rates to evaluate the stability of the process. The anaerobic digestion of pre-treated SE achieved a stable methane production value of 243 ± 34 mL CH4·g volatile solids-1·d-1 at an organic loading rate (ORL) of 1.25 g volatile solids·L-1·d-1. During the operation at this ORL, the control parameters including pH, alkalinity, soluble chemical organic demand (sCOD), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) remained stable and consistently constant. Specifically, the VFA in the reactor during this stable period achieved a value of 102 ± 128 mg O2/L. Also, an economic balance showed that the minimal price of the generated phenolic extract for having benefited from the proposed biorefinery system was 0.812 €·(g of gallic acid equivalents)-1, a price within the range of phenolic compounds used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology. CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Campus de "El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Elena Jiménez-Páez
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Urbano
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology. CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Campus de "El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando G Fermoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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Biochemical Methane Potential of Mechanically and Enzymatically Pretreated Solid Olive Mill Waste. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive cake, the solid byproduct of three-phase centrifugation olive oil production, has a high organic and polyphenol content, rendering it an environmental threat when landfilled as well as limiting its animal feed potential. This residue can be a good candidate for biomethane production due to its rich polysaccharide content (pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose). Two strategies were compared to maximize biomethane production: destoning (i.e., removal of the seed fragments via mechanical means) and enzymatic pretreatment of the pulp. After 30 days of batch anaerobic digestion at 35 °C, both enzymatically pretreated and destoned olive cakes produced similar amounts of methane (~295 mL CH4/g volatile solids (VS)), 42% more than the control. A comparison of olive cake’s biomethane yields with a broad range of agricultural residues in the literature demonstrated its suitability for biomethane production. Additionally, the digestate recovered from the anaerobic digestion of olive cake had high Kjeldahl nitrogen contents (3.6%, db) and low polyphenol concentrations (0.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), qualifying it as an ingredient for soil amendment. This study demonstrated olive cake can be diverted from landfills for second-generation biofuel production, and that the resulting digestate may have value for soil amendment.
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Cai F, Gu Y, Yan H, Chen C, Liu G. Impact of different pretreatments on the anaerobic digestion performance of cucumber vine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88507-88518. [PMID: 35834077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copious amounts of cucumber vine (CV) derived from crop growing and harvesting are casually discarded in the field, posing severely negative impacts on public health and the ecological environment. Treating CV via anaerobic digestion (AD) could represent a promising approach while the recalcitrant lignocellulosic structure restricts its conversion efficiency, thus underscoring the importance of valid pretreatments. This study systematically investigated the effects of nine types of commonly applied chemical pretreatments involved H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, CaO, H2O2, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatments on methane production of CV. Results showed that alkaline and AHP pretreatments were beneficial to the methane production of CV and obtained the considerable cumulative methane yield and biodegradability of 194.3-241.5 mL·gVS-1 and 47.59-59.15%, respectively, 36.83-70.07% higher than untreated. Analyses of lignocellulosic compositions and structural characterizations revealed that alkaline and AHP pretreatments well destroyed both hemicellulose and lignin, which commendably increased the accessibility of cellulose, facilitating the methane production. The findings of this study provide not only efficient pretreatment methods for the disposal and utilization of CV during AD process but also promising alternatives for enhancing methane production performance of similar vine residues, which would be greatly valuable for industrial applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Cai
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building A, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiqin Gu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building A, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hu Yan
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building A, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building A, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building A, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Methane Production Potential from Apple Pomace, Cabbage Leaves, Pumpkin Residue and Walnut Husks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular economy aims to eliminate organic waste through its transformation, composting and processing into other products or energy. The main aim of the study was to determine the specific methane yield (SMY) of anaerobic digestion (AD) of four different fruit and vegetable residues (FVR). In addition, the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was calculated based on the assumption that maize will be replaced by the FVR as a feedstock for biogas production. The SMY of four residues (apple pomace, cabbage leaves, pumpkin peels and fibrous strands and walnut husks) was measured in the biomethane potential test (BMP) in wet anaerobic digestion technology. The highest SMY (297.81 ± 0.65 NL kgVS−1) was observed for cabbage leaves while the lowest SMY (131.07 ± 1.30 kgVS−1) was found for walnut husks. The concentrations of two inhibitory gasses (NH3 and H2S) in biogas were low and did not affect the AD process. Only biogas produced from cabbage leaves was characterised by higher NH3 and H2S concentrations resulting from the highest protein concentration in this waste. FVR used as feedstock in biogas production may decrease the area of maize cultivation. Therefore, the GHG emissions from maize cultivation will be reduced. In Poland only, the use of four studied FVR as feedstock for biogas production would contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions by 43,682 t CO2 eq.
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Satoh Y, Imada S, Tani T, Ishimine A, Arai R. Investigation of ratio of carbon to hydrogen (C/H ratio) in agricultural plants for further estimation of their productivity of organically bound tritium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 246:106845. [PMID: 35172229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The carbon to hydrogen ratio (C/H ratio, w/w) in plants is a key factor in estimating the amount of hydrogen in the photosynthetic product. The amount of hydrogen calculated from photosynthetic model estimation associated with the C/H ratio is an essential parameter of the estimation model of productivity of organically bound tritium (OBT) by plants. To propose a sophisticated estimation model of OBT by agricultural plants, temporal changes in the C/H ratio of six plant species (Japanese radish, cabbage, orchard grass, paddy field rice, apple, and radish) during their cultivation were investigated for each plant part. The C/H ratio in the plants cultivated in the field and growth chamber generally exceeded 6, which is the value for the primary photosynthetic monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose (both chemical formulae, C6H12O6). In the vegetative parts (e.g. Japanese radish leaves, cabbage leaves and roots, rice leaves and roots, and radish leaves and fine roots) the C/H ratio fluctuated irregularly or remained constant within an approximate range of 6.6-7.3 during cultivation. The C/H ratio in enlarged organs (e.g. Japanese radish root, rice ear, apple fruit, and radish main root) decreased continuously, approaching 6. These results suggest that the C/H ratio can be generally set as approximately 6.9 except for enlarged organs, in which the ratio may change over time during cultivation, within an approximate range of 6-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhi Satoh
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan.
| | - Shogo Imada
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
| | - Takashi Tani
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ishimine
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
| | - Ryuji Arai
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
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Beniche I, El Bari H, Siles JA, Chica AF, Martín MÁ. Methane production by anaerobic co-digestion of mixed agricultural waste: cabbage and cauliflower. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:4550-4558. [PMID: 32408797 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1770341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of residual cabbage and cauliflower mixed at a ratio 1:1 (w/w) was investigated in two continuously stirred tank reactors under mesophilic conditions to ensure stability and enhanced methane generation. The experiments, including start-up, inoculum acclimatisation and treatment of the waste mixture, were carried out over a 65-day period. The characterisation results showed that the residual mixture contained a high proportion of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (around 37 g N/kg dry weight). The maximum value of methanogenic yield potential was found to be 250 LSTP/kg VS (volatile solid) added, at STP conditions (0°C, 1 atm), by loading organic substrate at a concentration of 1 g VS/L, while its biodegradability was 60%. However, instability of the biomethanisation process was observed after 17 days, which might be a consequence of the high concentration of nitrogen in the reactors. The evaluation of the kinetics of the valorisation process revealed that the waste mixture studied can easily be biodegraded through anaerobic co-digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Beniche
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Environment, Team Energy of Biomass and Biogas, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Hassan El Bari
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Environment, Team Energy of Biomass and Biogas, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - José A Siles
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Arturo F Chica
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Yan H, Cai F, Wang L, Chen C, Liu G. Compositional components and methane production potential of typical vegetable wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54177-54186. [PMID: 34402020 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the development of agriculture, a huge amount of vegetable waste (VW) is produced every year, posing a large considerable environmental problem that cannot be ignored. Anaerobic digestion (AD), as an eco-friendly, efficient, and sustainable biomass conversion technology, may be used to address the pollution caused by VW. The compositional components of various VWs are different, which will affect their biomethane potential and directly determine whether they are suitable substrates for AD. Thus, this study involved a systematic analysis of the composition and biomethane potential of 20 typical VWs. The results showed that the methane yields of the VWs were different (207.5-346.3 mL/g VS) owing to the differences in composition. More importantly, a correlation between the contents of organic components and methane production was established, and then used to predict methane production by VW rapidly. In addition, first-order model, modified Gompertz, and Cone models were used to describe the biochemical methanogenesis mechanism of these VWs. The results of this study can provide a reference for fundamental research on the AD of VW as well as serve a convenient and precise method to predict methane production by different VWs through analyzing compositional components, which will be beneficial for pollution prevention and the comprehensive utilization of VW in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yan
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fanfan Cai
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ligong Wang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505 Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Estimating the Methane Potential of Energy Crops: An Overview on Types of Data Sources and Their Limitations. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the anaerobic digestion of energy crops and crop residues becomes more widely applied for bioenergy production, planners and operators of biogas plants, and farmers who consider growing such crops, have a need for information on potential biogas and methane yields. A rich body of literature reports methane yields for a variety of such materials. These data have been obtained with different testing methods. This work elaborates an overview on the types of data source available and the methods that are commonly applied to determine the methane yield of an agricultural biomass, with a focus on European crops. Limitations regarding the transferability and generalisation of data are explored, and crop methane values presented across the literature are compared. Large variations were found for reported values, which can only partially be explained by the methods applied. Most notably, the intra-crop variation of methane yield (reported values for a single crop type) was higher than the inter-crop variation (variation between different crops). The pronounced differences in reported methane yields indicate that relying on results from individual assays of candidate materials is a high-risk approach for planning biogas operations, and the ranges of values such as those presented here are essential to provide a robust basis for estimation.
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Frank BP, Smith C, Caudill ER, Lankone RS, Carlin K, Benware S, Pedersen JA, Fairbrother DH. Biodegradation of Functionalized Nanocellulose. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10744-10757. [PMID: 34282891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has attracted widespread interest for applications in materials science and biomedical engineering due to its natural abundance, desirable physicochemical properties, and high intrinsic mineralizability (i.e., complete biodegradability). A common strategy to increase dispersibility in polymer matrices is to modify the hydroxyl groups on nanocellulose through covalent functionalization, but such modification strategies may affect the desirable biodegradation properties exhibited by pristine nanocellulose. In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) functionalized with a range of esters, carboxylic acids, or ethers exhibited decreased rates and extents of mineralization by anaerobic and aerobic microbial communities compared to unmodified CNFs, with etherified CNFs exhibiting the highest level of recalcitrance. The decreased biodegradability of functionalized CNFs depended primarily on the degree of substitution at the surface of the material rather than within the bulk. This dependence on surface chemistry was attributed not only to the large surface area-to-volume ratio of nanocellulose but also to the prerequisite surface interaction by microorganisms necessary to achieve biodegradation. Results from this study highlight the need to quantify the type and coverage of surface substituents in order to anticipate their effects on the environmental persistence of functionalized nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Casey Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Emily R Caudill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ronald S Lankone
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Katrina Carlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sarah Benware
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joel A Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Departments of Soil Science and Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - D Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Aminzadeh M, Bardi MJ, Aminirad H. A new approach to enhance the conventional two-phase anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:295-306. [PMID: 34150236 PMCID: PMC8172668 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-phase anaerobic co-digestion (TAcoD) is a versatile technology for the simultaneous treatment of organic materials and biogas production. However, the produced digestate and supernatant of the system contain heavy metals and organic substances that need to be treated prior to discharge or land application. Therefore, in this study, an innovative TAcoD for organic fertilizer and high supernatant quality achievement was proposed. METHODS In the conventional TAcoD, mixed sewage sludge (SS) and food waste (FW) were first hydrolyzed in the acidogenic reactor, and then the hydrolyzate substrate was subjected to the methanogenic reactor (TAcoD 1). In the modified TAcoD (TAcoD 2), only FW was fed into the acidogenic reactor, and the produced hydrolyzed solid was directly converted to the organic fertilizer, while the supernatant with high soluble chemical demand (SCOD) concentration was further co-digested with SS in the methanogenic reactor. RESULTS Although TAcoD 1 produced bio-methane yield and potential energy of 56.18% and 1.6-fold higher than TAcoD 2, the economical valorization of TAcoD 2 was 9-fold of that from TAcoD 1. The supernatant quality of TAcoD 2 was far better than TAcoD 1, since the SCOD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphor (TP) removal in TAcoD 2 and TAcoD 1 were 94.3%, 79.4%, 90.7%, and 68.9%, 28%, 46%, respectively. In terms of solid waste management, the modified TAcoD converted FW to organic fertilizer and achieved a solid reduction of 43.62% higher than that of conventional TAcoD. CONCLUSIONS This new modification in two-phase anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge provides a potentially feasible practice for simultaneous bio-methane, organic fertilizer, and high supernatant quality achievement. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-020-00603-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminzadeh
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Division of Environmental Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Bardi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Division of Environmental Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Aminirad
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Division of Environmental Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
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Biomethanation Potential (BMP) Study of Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Abundant Bio-Wastes in Southern Regions of Tunisia. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunisia is a country that suffers from energy demand problems and environmental matters. Thus, Tunisian authorities desire to encourage the development of renewable energy sources, especially from biological processes, like anaerobic digestion. Therefore, this study is focused on the evaluation of biogas and bio-methane yield from the co-digestion of three available and abundant bio-wastes in the southern regions of Tunisia. The three different raw materials are an organic fraction of municipal solid waste, chicken manure, and olive mill wastewater. In this context, experimental work to evaluate the potential of biogas and bio-methane production was carried out at mesophilic temperature 35 °C and batch mode. The present work highlights the possibility of generating biogas from these organic wastes and reducing the amounts of the wastes to dispose of in landfills. The experimental study of the co-digestion process under specific conditions of carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), T, pH, and inoculums to substrate ratio ISR provided a high yield of net methane and net biogas, in comparison with other research works. Results showed a higher specific net methane production per kg of volatile solids, which is equal to 0.338 Nm3 methane/kg VS and 0.430 Nm3 methane/kg VS for two studied cases. The obtained volatile solids reduction was found to be 91% of the initial content, for a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 40 days.
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Velusamy M, Speier CJ, Michealammal BRP, Shrivastava R, Rajan B, Weichgrebe D, Venkatachalam SS. Bio-reserves inventory-improving substrate management for anaerobic waste treatment in a fast-growing Indian urban city, Chennai. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29749-29765. [PMID: 31865569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
India is one among the Asia's newly industrialized countries, in which urban centres generate large amount of municipal solid wastes due to the rapid urbanization. To demonstrate urban waste potentials for biogas production by anaerobic digestion, a comprehensive analysis on the availability of organic waste hotspots and its biogas potential for the exemplary case of Chennai, India, was undertaken. The identified hotspots and their biogas potential were plotted with Geographical Information System as thematic maps. The results of biogas potential tests revealed strong variations in the biogas potentials of individual waste streams from 240.2 to 514.2 mLN/g oDM (organic dry matter) with oDM reduction in the range of 36.4-61.5 wt.-%. Major waste generation hotspots were identified from the surveyed urban bio-reserves and the biogas potentials within an effective area of 5 km radius surrounding the hotspot were estimated. It was found that the biogas potential of individual hotspots ranged between 38.0-5938.7 m3/day. Further results revealed that the biogas potential during anaerobic co-digestion, by considering nearby bio-reserves in the effective areas of major hotspots, with and without residential organic waste, ranged between 4110.4-18-106.1 m3/day and 253.2-5969.5 m3/day, originating from 144.0-620.0 tons and 3.1-170.5 tons, respectively. Despite variations in the composition of the wastes, the Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, oDM reduction, biogas production and substrate availability were improved during co-digestion of nearby bio-reserves within the major hotspots, thereby improving the prevailing barriers in substrate management during anaerobic digestion of wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhiarasi Velusamy
- Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Christopher Josef Speier
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Runal Shrivastava
- Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Balakumar Rajan
- Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Dirk Weichgrebe
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Shin J, Jang HM, Shin SG, Kim YM. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion: Effect of start-up strategies on performance and microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:87-95. [PMID: 31203011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of two different start-up methods were compared during conversion from mesophilic to thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. During the batch operation, a transient increase in both total bacterial concentration and relative abundance of thermophilic bacteria in R1 (a one-step increase method) resulted in 34% higher volatile solids (VS) removal efficiency by R1 compared to R2 (a step-wise increase method). Meanwhile, higher total archaeal concentration and increased relative abundance of thermophilic archaea in R2 were attributed to 65% higher methane production by R2 compared to R1. The same trends for VS removal and methane production were observed during the subsequent continuous mode, although the microbial composition of the two reactors became similar. These findings may prove helpful for determining the preferred start-up method for thermophilic anaerobic digestion: a one-step method can be proposed for higher VS removal efficiency, or a step-wise method can be selected for enhanced methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyeong Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Stephenville, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Mo Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Ning Z, Zhang H, Li W, Zhang R, Liu G, Chen C. Anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich swine slaughterhouse waste: Methane production performance, long-chain fatty acids profile and predominant microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:426-433. [PMID: 30268045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated methane production, long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) profile, and predominant microorganisms in anaerobic digestion (AD) of lipid-rich swine slaughterhouse waste (SSW). The maximum methane yield was 999.2 mL/g VS. LCFAs, as inhibitory hydrolysis products, accumulated first to 1165 mg/L on day 3, and then decreased sharply to 125.7 mg/L on day 9, and finally were degraded to 20 mg/L on day 27. Linoleic acid (C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were the dominant LCFAs. The easy conversion of C18:1 to C16:0 compared with difficult degradation of C16:0 resulted in an increase of C16:0 on day 4-6. Predominant microorganisms were Clostridium, Syntrophomonas and Methanospirillum. This study proved the high methane potential of lipid-rich SSW and gained insights into the degradation process by analysis of intermediates of LCFAs and predominant microorganisms. The results can provide valuable guidance for efficient utilization of this waste to produce methane in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Ning
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wanwu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Guangqing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Lisowyj M, Wright MM. A review of biogas and an assessment of its economic impact and future role as a renewable energy source. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a technology that is gaining popularity because of the need for more renewable energy sources around the world. AD is a complex series of biochemical reactions that ultimately result in the formation of biogas, which is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with other trace elements. From large installations to small personal reactors, the underlying basic process is the same, but through research, pretreatments and substrate co-digestion are becoming more popular to enhance biogas production. Reactor design and substrate selection also vary depending on the installation’s location. Biogas cleaning and upgrading help to increase the usability of the gas for multiple applications. The economic viability depends on the location in the world and the available substrate quality and quantity. AD processes rely heavily on government subsidies to stay profitable. In developing countries, AD profitability is not a concern, as this technology provides a way to better human life in these areas. This review presents a detailed look at the AD technology, provides a discussion on the economics of AD, and suggests future studies to enhance the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lisowyj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Iowa State University College of Engineering, 2078 Black Engineering , Ames, IA 50011 , USA
| | - Mark Mba Wright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Iowa State University College of Engineering, 2078 Black Engineering , Ames, IA 50011 , USA
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Farha W, Abd El-Aty AM, Rahman MM, Jeong JH, Shin HC, Wang J, Shin SS, Shim JH. Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waziha Farha
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Musfiqur Rahman
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Chung-Ang University; Dongjak-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Sung Shik Shin
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
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