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Zhang H, Han M, Nie X, Fu X, Hong K, He D. Production of Camellia oleifera Abel Seed Oil for Injection: Extraction, Analysis, Deacidification, Decolorization, and Deodorization. Foods 2024; 13:1430. [PMID: 38790730 PMCID: PMC11120317 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Camellia seed oil (CSO), as a nutrient-rich edible oil, is widely used in foods, cosmetics, and other fields. In this work, the extraction, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization processes of CSO were respectively optimized for meeting injectable oil standards. The results showed that the CSO extraction rate reached the highest level of 94% at optimized conditions (ultrasonic time, 31.2 min; reaction pH, 9.2; and reaction time, 3.5 h). The physicochemical indexes of CSO and 10 other vegetable oils were evaluated by the principal component analysis method, and the overall scores of vegetable oils were ranked as camellia seed oil > olive oil > rice oil > peanut oil > sesame oil > corn oil > soybean oil > sunflower oil > rapeseed oil > walnut oil > flaxseed oil. The physicochemical indicators of CSO were the most ideal among the 11 vegetable oils, which means that CSO is suitable as an injectable oil. Through the optimized processes of the deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization, the CSO acid value was reduced to 0.0515 mg KOH/g, the decolorization rate reached a maximum of 93.86%, and the OD430 was 0.015, meeting the requirement (≤0.045 of OD430) of injectable oil. After the deodorization process, these parameters of the refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, absorbance, unsaponifiable, moisture and volatiles, fatty acid composition, and heavy metal limits all met the pharmacopoeia standards of injectable oil in many countries and regions. The possibility of CSO as an injectable oil was first verified through refining-process optimization and nutritional index analysis, providing an important technical reference for the high-value utilization of vegetable oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 Xuefu South Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Mei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 Xuefu South Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xuejiao Nie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 Xuefu South Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaomeng Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 Xuefu South Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kunqiang Hong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 Xuefu South Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dongping He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 Xuefu South Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, China
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Arpana M, Fasim A, Rathore SSS, Rao A, More SS, Rachaiah BP. Thermoalkalophilic polygalacturonase from a novel Glutamicibacter sp.: Bioprospecting, strain improvement, statistical optimization and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130283. [PMID: 38163489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The current research discusses a multidimensional bioprocess development, that includes bioprospecting, strain improvement, media optimisation, and applications of the extracted enzyme. A potent alkalophilic polygalacturonase (PG) producing bacterial strain was isolated and identified as a novel Glutamicibacter sp. Furthermore, strain improvement by UV and chemical mutagenesis not only improved the enzyme (PGmut) production but also enhanced its temperature optima from 37 °C to 50 °C. The use of solid substrate fermentation, followed bystatistical optimisation through PB and RSM, substantially increasedPGmut production. A 10-fold increase in enzyme production (632 U/gm) was observed when sugarcane bagasse with a pH of 10.5, 66.8 % moisture, and an inoculum size of 10.15 % was used. The model's accuracy was supported by p-value (p < 0.0001), and an R2 of 0.9940. A pilot-scale experiment, demonstrated ≈ 62,229 U/100 gm PG activity. Additionally, the enzyme's efficacy in demucilization of coffee beans, and bioscouring of jute fibre indicated that it is a valuable biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Arpana
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore 560078, Karnataka, India
| | - Aneesa Fasim
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore 560078, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Archana Rao
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore 560078, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil Shivajirao More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore 560078, Karnataka, India
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Acute Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicity Test and Evaluation of Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel Oil. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020293. [PMID: 36673385 PMCID: PMC9857420 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil (CCSKO) is one of the important natural medium chain triglycerides (MCT) resources, with more than 95.00% of medium chain fatty acids found in the world, and has various physiological effects. However, CCSKO has not been generally recognized as a safe oil or new food resource yet. The acute oral toxicity test and a standard battery of genotoxicity tests (mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, Ames test, and in vitro mammalian cell TK gene mutation test) of CCSKO as a new edible plant oil were used in the study. The results of the acute oral toxicity test showed that CCSKO was preliminary non-toxic, with an LD50 value higher than 21.5 g/kg body weight. In the mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, there was no concentration-response relationship between the dose of CCSKO and micronucleus value in polychromatic erythrocytes compared to the negative control group. No genotoxicity was observed in the Ames test in the presence or absence of S9 at 5000 μg/mL. In vitro mammalian cell TK gene mutation test showed that CCSKO did not induce in vitro mammalian cell TK gene mutation in the presence or absence of S9 at 5000 μg/mL. These results indicated that CCSKO is a non-toxic natural medium-chain oil.
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Hanif A, Ejaz U, Hasan KA, Karim M, Suleman F, Siddiq M, Moin SF, Abideen Z, Sohail M. Two-way strategy for enhanced pectinase production: Random mutagenesis and utilization of a halophytic biomass. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abdel-Naby MA, El-Wafa WMA, Salem GEM. Molecular characterization, catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of protease produced by a mutant of Bacillus cereus-S6-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:695-702. [PMID: 32485254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic strain Bacillus cereus-S6-3 was subjected to mutagenic treatments viz. UV irradiations and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS). The obtained mutant strain, B. cereus-S6-3/UM90 showed 1.34 fold over the parent strain. Molecular characterization of proteases from the parent (PP/S6-3) and mutant (PM/UM90) strains indicated that they were consisted of two domains and binds a zinc ion and 4 calcium ions in the active site. Amino acid sequence alignment of PM/UM90 protease showed 19 amino acid residues were substituted compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. However, both proteases contained equal number of aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids. Protease from PM/UM90 showed an effective improvement in thermal properties in terms of reaction temperature, t1/2, the values of kd, activation energy (Ea), and decimal reduction time (D) within the temperature range from 60 to 80 °C. In addition, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for substrate hydrolysis (i.e., Km, Vmax, ΔH*, ΔG*, ΔS*, kcat, Vmax/Km, kcat/Km, ΔG*E-T and ΔG*E-S) showed a significant improvement of the catalytic efficiency for PM/UM90 protease. Furthermore, the correlation between thermodynamic properties and the patterns of amino acid substitution of wild-type enzyme to has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Naby
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
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