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Carotenuto P, Gradilone SA, Franco B. Cilia and Cancer: From Molecular Genetics to Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1428. [PMID: 37510333 PMCID: PMC10379587 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the cell surface with motility or sensory functions. Primary cilia work as antennae to sense and transduce extracellular signals. Cilia critically control proliferation by mediating cell-extrinsic signals and by regulating cell cycle entry. Recent studies have shown that primary cilia and their associated proteins also function in autophagy and genome stability, which are important players in oncogenesis. Abnormal functions of primary cilia may contribute to oncogenesis. Indeed, defective cilia can either promote or suppress cancers, depending on the cancer-initiating mutation, and the presence or absence of primary cilia is associated with specific cancer types. Together, these findings suggest that primary cilia play important, but distinct roles in different cancer types, opening up a completely new avenue of research to understand the biology and treatment of cancers. In this review, we discuss the roles of primary cilia in promoting or inhibiting oncogenesis based on the known or predicted functions of cilia and cilia-associated proteins in several key processes and related clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carotenuto
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio A. Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brunella Franco
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies, Genomic and Experimental medicine Program (Scuola Superiore Meridionale), 80138 Naples, Italy
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Zhang R, Tang J, Li T, Zhou J, Pan W. INPP5E and Coordination of Signaling Networks in Cilia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:885592. [PMID: 35463949 PMCID: PMC9019342 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.885592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are ubiquitous mechanosensory organelles that specifically coordinate a series of cellular signal transduction pathways to control cellular physiological processes during development and in tissue homeostasis. Defects in the function or structure of primary cilia have been shown to be associated with a large range of diseases called ciliopathies. Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E) is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that is localized on the ciliary membrane by anchorage via its C-terminal prenyl moiety and hydrolyzes both phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, leading to changes in the phosphoinositide metabolism, thereby resulting in a specific phosphoinositide distribution and ensuring proper localization and trafficking of proteins in primary cilia. In addition, INPP5E also works synergistically with cilia membrane-related proteins by playing key roles in the development and maintenance homeostasis of cilia. The mutation of INPP5E will cause deficiency of primary cilia signaling transduction, ciliary instability and ciliopathies. Here, we present an overview of the role of INPP5E and its coordination of signaling networks in primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tianliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Li Y, Xiong G, Tan J, Wang S, Wu Q, Wan L, Zhang Z, Huang O. Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in granulosa cells from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12123-12134. [PMID: 34873972 PMCID: PMC8810128 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2003943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism that triggers polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is mysterious. Abnormal development of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) is one of the causes of PCOS. Herein, our study was carried out using RNA-seq to detect the different gene expression levels in ovarian GCs between three patients with PCOS and four normal controls. To verify the RNA-seq data, GCs from 22 patients with PCOS and 21 controls with normal ovulation were collected to perform the RT-PCR analysis. Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) members, Ihh and Ptch2 were abnormally highly expressed in the PCOS tissue (PT). The qPCR also indicated that the expression levels of Hh signaling pathway downstream members, Ptch1, Gli1, and Gli2 in the PT were significantly higher than those in the normal tissue (NT). Besides, the expression of TNF-α mRNA in PCOS patients was higher than that in the control group. Through the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP), we found that the Gli1-IP-DNA enriched from the granular cells of PCOS patients was higher than that of the control group. Finally, the Hh signaling pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, can decrease the apoptosis of PCOS ovarian granulosa cells. These results suggest that abnormal activation of Hh signaling pathway, especially Ihh signal, may have a profound influence on PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guohui Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shudi Wang
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiongfang Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ouping Huang
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Casalou C, Ferreira A, Barral DC. The Role of ARF Family Proteins and Their Regulators and Effectors in Cancer Progression: A Therapeutic Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:217. [PMID: 32426352 PMCID: PMC7212444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adenosine diphosphate-Ribosylation Factor (ARF) family belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTPases and is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, motility and differentiation by regulating membrane traffic and associating with the cytoskeleton. Like other members of the RAS superfamily, ARF family proteins are activated by Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) and inactivated by GTPase-Activating Proteins (GAPs). When active, they bind effectors, which mediate downstream functions. Several studies have reported that cancer cells are able to subvert membrane traffic regulators to enhance migration and invasion. Indeed, members of the ARF family, including ARF-Like (ARL) proteins have been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of several types of cancer. Here, we review the role of ARF family members, their GEFs/GAPs and effectors in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, highlighting the ones that can have a pro-oncogenic behavior or function as tumor suppressors. Moreover, we propose possible mechanisms and approaches to target these proteins, toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies to impair tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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