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Wang L, Xu M, Jones OD, Li Z, Liang Y, Yu Q, Li J, Wu Y, Lei X, He B, Yue H, Xiao L, Zhou R, Zhang W, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Bryant JL, Ma J, Liu Y, Xu X. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease experiences accumulation of hepatic liquid crystal associated with increasing lipophagy. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:55. [PMID: 32280452 PMCID: PMC7137450 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past 30 years, incidences of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen by 30%. However, there is still no clear mechanism or accurate method of anticipating liver failure. Here we reveal the phase transitions of liquid crystalline qualities in hepatic lipid droplets (HLDs) as a novel method of anticipating prognosis. Methods NAFLD was induced by feeding C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat (HiF) diet. These NAFLD livers were then evaluated under polarized microscopy, X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering, lipid component chromatography analysis and protein expression analysis. Optically active HLDs from mouse model and patient samples were both then confirmed to have liquid crystal characteristics. Liver MAP1LC3A expression was then evaluated to determine the role of autophagy in liquid crystal HLD (LC-HLD) formation. Results Unlike the normal diet cohort, HiF diet mice developed NAFLD livers containing HLDs exhibiting Maltese cross birefringence, phase transition, and fluidity signature to liquid crystals. These LC-HLDs transitioned to anisotropic crystal at 0 °C and remain crystalline. Temperature increase to 42 °C causes both liquid crystal and crystal HLDs to convert to isotropic droplet form. These isotropic HLDs successfully transition to anisotropic LC with fast temperature decrease and anisotropic crystal with slow temperature decrease. These findings were duplicated in patient liver. Patient LC-HLDs with no inner optical activity were discovered, hinting at lipid saturation as the mechanism through which HLD acquire LC characteristics. Downregulation of MAP1LC3A in conjunction with increased LC-HLD also implicated autophagy in NAFLD LC-HLD formation. Conclusions Increasing concentrations of amphiphilic lipids in HLDs favors organization into alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers, which present as LC-HLDs. Thus, evaluating the extent of liquid crystallization with phase transition in HLDs of NAFLD patients may reveal disease severity and predict impending liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - MengMeng Xu
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Odell D Jones
- 4University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine ULAR, Philadelphia, PA 19144 USA
| | - Zhongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China.,5Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Jiali Li
- 6University Hospital Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Yajun Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Xinjuan Lei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Boling He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Huimin Yue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Liqin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- 7Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021 Shaanxi China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Joseph L Bryant
- 8University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- 5Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Yingli Liu
- 6University Hospital Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Xuehong Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
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Popov N, Honaker LW, Popova M, Usol'tseva N, Mann EK, Jákli A, Popov P. Thermotropic Liquid Crystal-Assisted Chemical and Biological Sensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 11:E20. [PMID: 29295530 PMCID: PMC5793518 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we analyze recent progress in the application of liquid crystal-assisted advanced functional materials for sensing biological and chemical analytes. Multiple research groups demonstrate substantial interest in liquid crystal (LC) sensing platforms, generating an increasing number of scientific articles. We review trends in implementing LC sensing techniques and identify common problems related to the stability and reliability of the sensing materials as well as to experimental set-ups. Finally, we suggest possible means of bridging scientific findings to viable and attractive LC sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Popov
- Department of Biology & Chemistry, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia.
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Lawrence W Honaker
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Maia Popova
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Nadezhda Usol'tseva
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | | | - Antal Jákli
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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