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Zhou YS, Tao HB, Lv SS, Liang KQ, Shi WY, Liu KY, Li YY, Chen LY, Zhou L, Yin SJ, Zhao QR. Effects of Kv1.3 knockout on pyramidal neuron excitability and synaptic plasticity in piriform cortex of mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01275-y. [PMID: 38862816 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Kv1.3 belongs to the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel family, which is widely expressed in the central nervous system and associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Kv1.3 is highly expressed in the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex and involved in the process of odor perception and nutrient metabolism in animals. Previous studies have explored the function of Kv1.3 in olfactory bulb, while the role of Kv1.3 in piriform cortex was less known. In this study, we investigated the neuronal changes of piriform cortex and feeding behavior after smell stimulation, thus revealing a link between the olfactory sensation and body weight in Kv1.3 KO mice. Coronal slices including the anterior piriform cortex were prepared, whole-cell recording and Ca2+ imaging of pyramidal neurons were conducted. We showed that the firing frequency evoked by depolarization pulses and Ca2+ influx evoked by high K+ solution were significantly increased in pyramidal neurons of Kv1.3 knockout (KO) mice compared to WT mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the downstream signaling molecules CaMKII and PKCα were activated in piriform cortex of Kv1.3 KO mice. Pyramidal neurons in Kv1.3 KO mice exhibited significantly reduced paired-pulse ratio and increased presynaptic Cav2.1 expression, proving that the presynaptic vesicle release might be elevated by Ca2+ influx. Using Golgi staining, we found significantly increased dendritic spine density of pyramidal neurons in Kv1.3 KO mice, supporting the stronger postsynaptic responses in these neurons. In olfactory recognition and feeding behavior tests, we showed that Kv1.3 conditional knockout or cannula injection of 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy) psoralen, a Kv1.3 channel blocker, in piriform cortex both elevated the olfactory recognition index and altered the feeding behavior in mice. In summary, Kv1.3 is a key molecule in regulating neuronal activity of the piriform cortex, which may lay a foundation for the treatment of diseases related to piriform cortex and olfactory detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao-Bo Tao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Si-Si Lv
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ke-Qin Liang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wen-Yi Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ke-Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yun-Yun Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lv-Yi Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shi-Jin Yin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Qian-Ru Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Chen BH, Lin ZY, Zeng XX, Jiang YH, Geng F. LRP4-related signalling pathways and their regulatory role in neurological diseases. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148705. [PMID: 38065285 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 (LRP4) is mediated largely via the Agrin-LRP4-MuSK signalling pathway in the nervous system. LRP4 contributes to the development of synapses in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It interacts with signalling molecules such as the amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) and the wingless type protein (Wnt). Its mechanisms of action are complex and mediated via interaction between the pre-synaptic motor neuron and post-synaptic muscle cell in the PNS, which enhances the development of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). LRP4 may function differently in the central nervous system (CNS) than in the PNS, where it regulates ATP and glutamate release via astrocytes. It mayaffect the growth and development of the CNS by controlling the energy metabolism. LRP4 interacts with Agrin to maintain dendrite growth and density in the CNS. The goal of this article is to review the current studies involving relevant LRP4 signaling pathways in the nervous system. The review also discusses the clinical and etiological roles of LRP4 in neurological illnesses, such as myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. In this review, we provide a theoretical foundation for the pathogenesis and therapeutic application of LRP4 in neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ze-Yu Lin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yi-Han Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Pan L, Liao X, Wang S. A Novel Form of Neuregulin 1 Type III Caused by N-Terminal Processing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1756. [PMID: 38136627 PMCID: PMC10741733 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrg1 (Neuregulin 1) type III, a susceptible gene of schizophrenia, exhibits a critical role in the central nervous system and is essential at each stage of Schwann's cell development. Nrg1 type III comprises double-pass transmembrane domains, with the N-terminal and C-terminal localizing inside the cells. The N-terminal transmembrane helix partially overlaps with the cysteine-rich domain (CRD). In this study, Nrg1 type III constructs with different tags were transformed into cultured cells to verify whether CRD destroyed the transmembrane helix formation. We took advantage of immunofluorescent and immunoprecipitation assays on whole cells and analyzed the N-terminal distribution. Astonishingly, we found that a novel form of Nrg1 type III, about 10% of Nrg1 type III, omitted the N-terminal transmembrane helix, with the N-terminal positioning outside the membrane. The results indicated that the novel single-pass transmembrane status was a minor form of Nrg1 type III caused by N-terminal processing, while the major form was a double-pass transmembrane status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yingxing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liangjing Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xufeng Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shunqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Meng Q, Liu K, Liu Z, Liu J, Tian Z, Qin S, Wei J, Cheng L. Digoxin protects against intervertebral disc degeneration via TNF/NF-κB and LRP4 signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251517. [PMID: 37790932 PMCID: PMC10544936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP). The pathological process of IVDD is associated with inflammatory reactions and extracellular matrix (ECM) disorders. Digoxin is widely used for treating heart failure, and it has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Objective This study is to investigate the role of digoxin in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration as well as the involved molecular mechanism, particularly the potential target protein. Methods We exploited a rat needle model to investigate digoxin's role in intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. Safranin O staining was used to measure cartilaginous tissue in the intervertebral disc. The morphological changes of intervertebral discs in animal models were determined by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining and the pathological score. Primary nucleus pulposus cells (NP cells) from intervertebral discs of patients and murine were used in the present study. Western-Blotting assay, Real-time PCR assay, immunofluorescence staining, and immunochemistry were used to detect the role of digoxin in anti-TNF-α-induced inflammatory effects in vitro. Transfection of siRNA was used to regulate low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) expression in NP cells to investigate the potential protein target of digoxin. Results Digoxin protected against intervertebral disc degeneration in rat needle models. Digoxin was found to exert its disc-protective effects through at least three different pathways by a) suppressing TNF-α-induced inflammation, b) attenuating ECM destruction, c) significantly promoting ECM anabolism. Additionally, LRP4 was found to be the downstream molecule of digoxin in NP cells for anti-inflammation and regulation of ECM metabolism. The knockdown of LRP4 downregulated the protective effect of digoxin in NP cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that digoxin may be a potential therapeutic agent for intervertebral disc degeneration through anti-catabolism and pro-anabolism. Digoxin might also work as an alternative for other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunbo Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenchuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyu Tian
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Spine and Spinal Cord Disease Research Center-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society (ICMRS) Collaborating Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Spine and Spinal Cord Disease Research Center-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society (ICMRS) Collaborating Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Geng S, Paul F, Kowalczyk I, Raimundo S, Sporbert A, Mamo TM, Hammes A. Balancing WNT signalling in early forebrain development: The role of LRP4 as a modulator of LRP6 function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173688. [PMID: 37091972 PMCID: PMC10119419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The specification of the forebrain relies on the precise regulation of WNT/ß-catenin signalling to support neuronal progenitor cell expansion, patterning, and morphogenesis. Imbalances in WNT signalling activity in the early neuroepithelium lead to congenital disorders, such as neural tube defects (NTDs). LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) family members, including the well-studied receptors LRP5 and LRP6, play critical roles in modulating WNT signalling capacity through tightly regulated interactions with their co-receptor Frizzled, WNT ligands, inhibitors and intracellular WNT pathway components. However, little is known about the function of LRP4 as a potential modulator of WNT signalling in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the role of LRP4 in the regulation of WNT signalling during early mouse forebrain development. Our results demonstrate that LRP4 can modulate LRP5- and LRP6-mediated WNT signalling in the developing forebrain prior to the onset of neurogenesis at embryonic stage 9.5 and is therefore essential for accurate neural tube morphogenesis. Specifically, LRP4 functions as a genetic modifier for impaired mitotic activity and forebrain hypoplasia, but not for NTDs in LRP6-deficient mutants. In vivo and in vitro data provide evidence that LRP4 is a key player in fine-tuning WNT signalling capacity and mitotic activity of mouse neuronal progenitors and of human retinal pigment epithelial (hTERT RPE-1) cells. Our data demonstrate the crucial roles of LRP4 and LRP6 in regulating WNT signalling and forebrain development and highlight the need to consider the interaction between different signalling pathways to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease. The findings have significant implications for our mechanistic understanding of how LRPs participate in controlling WNT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Geng
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Paul
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Izabela Kowalczyk
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Raimundo
- Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamrat Meshka Mamo
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamrat Meshka Mamo, ; Annette Hammes,
| | - Annette Hammes
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamrat Meshka Mamo, ; Annette Hammes,
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