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Shen Y, Hong Y, Huang X, Chen J, Li Z, Qiu J, Liang X, Mai C, Li W, Li X, Zhang Y. ALDH2 regulates mesenchymal stem cell senescence via modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:172-183. [PMID: 39097205 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Although mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is involved in aging and aging-related diseases, its role in the regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) senescence has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine the role of ALDH2 in regulating MSC senescence and illustrate the potential mechanisms. MSCs were isolated from young (YMSCs) and aged donors (AMSCs). Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and Western blotting were used to assess MSC senescence. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined to evaluate mitochondrial function. We showed that the expression of ALDH2 increased alongside cellular senescence of MSCs. Overexpression of ALDH2 accelerated YMSC senescence whereas down-regulation alleviated premature senescent phenotypes of AMSCs. Transcriptome and biochemical analyses revealed that an elevated ROS level and mitochondrial dysfunction contributed to ALDH2 function in MSC senescence. Using molecular docking, we identified interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) as the potential target of ALDH2. Mechanistically, ectopic expression of ALDH2 led to mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerated senescence of MSCs by increasing the stability of IRF7 through a direct physical interaction. These effects were partially reversed by knockdown of IRF7. These findings highlight a crucial role of ALDH2 in driving MSC senescence by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, providing a novel potential strategy against human aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimei Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinran Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Mai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Sun Y, Zhang C, Ma Q, Yu X, Gao X, Zhang H, Shi Y, Li Y, He X. MiR-34a-HK1 signal axis retards bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell senescence via ameliorating glycolytic metabolism. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:238. [PMID: 39080798 PMCID: PMC11290008 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most widely studied adult stem cells, while MSC replicative senescence occurs with serial expansion in vitro. We determined whether miR-34a can regulate MSC senescence by directly targeting glycolytic key enzymes to influence glycolysis. METHODS Detected the effects of miR-34a on MSC senescence and glycolytic metabolism through gene manipulation. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay were applied to confirm that HK1 is a direct target of miR-34a. The underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-34a targeting HK1 in MSC senescence was further explored by a cellular function recovery experiment. RESULTS In the current study, we revealed that miR-34a over-expression exacerbated senescence-associated characteristics and impaired glycolytic metabolism. Then we identified hexokinase1 (HK1) as a direct target gene of miR-34a. And HK1 replenishment reversed MSC senescence and reinforced glycolysis. In addition, miR-34a-mediated MSC senescence and lower glycolytic levels were evidently rescued following the co-treatment with HK1 over-expression. CONCLUSION The miR-34a-HK1 signal axis can alleviate MSC senescence via enhancing glycolytic metabolism, which possibly provides a novel mechanism for MSC senescence and opens up new possibilities for delaying and suppressing the occurrence and development of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Qianhui Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Orthopedics and Biotechnology, Department for Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xu He
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Massidda MW, Demkov A, Sices A, Lee M, Lee J, Paull TT, Kim J, Baker AB. Mechanical Rejuvenation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Aged Patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597781. [PMID: 38895474 PMCID: PMC11185588 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are an appealing therapeutic cell type for many diseases. However, patients with poor health or advanced age often have MSCs with poor regenerative properties. A major limiter of MSC therapies is cellular senescence, which is marked by limited proliferation capability, diminished multipotency, and reduced regenerative properties. In this work, we explored the ability of applied mechanical forces to reduce cellular senescence in MSCs. Our studies revealed that mechanical conditioning caused a lasting enhancement in proliferation, overall cell culture expansion potential, multipotency, and a reduction of senescence in MSCs from aged donors. Mechanistic studies suggested that these functional enhancements were mediated by oxidative stress and DNA damage repair signaling with mechanical load altering the expression of proteins of the sirtuin pathway, the DNA damage repair protein ATM, and antioxidant proteins. In addition, our results suggest a biophysical mechanism in which mechanical stretch leads to improved recognition of damaged DNA in the nucleus. Analysis of the cells through RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, demonstrated that mechanical loading alters the cell's genetic landscape to cause broad shifts in transcriptomic patterns that related to senescence. Overall, our results demonstrate that mechanical conditioning can rejuvenate mesenchymal stem cells derived from aged patients and improve their potential as a therapeutic cell type. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Zhou M, An YZ, Guo Q, Zhou HY, Luo XH. Energy homeostasis in the bone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:439-451. [PMID: 38242815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The bone serves as an energy reservoir and actively engages in whole-body energy metabolism. Numerous studies have determined fuel requirements and bioenergetic properties of bone under physiological conditions as well as the dysregulation of energy metabolism associated with bone metabolic diseases. Here, we review the main sources of energy in bone cells and their regulation, as well as the endocrine role of the bone in systemic energy homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss metabolic changes that occur as a result of osteoporosis. Exploration in this area will contribute to an enhanced comprehension of bone energy metabolism, presenting novel possibilities to address metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Yu-Ze An
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan 410008, PR China.
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Liu Y, Wang L, Ai J, Li K. Mitochondria in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Key to Fate Determination and Therapeutic Potential. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:617-636. [PMID: 38265576 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become popular tool cells in the field of transformation and regenerative medicine due to their function of cell rescue and cell replacement. The dynamically changing mitochondria serve as an energy metabolism factory and signal transduction platform, adapting to different cell states and maintaining normal cell activities. Therefore, a clear understanding of the regulatory mechanism of mitochondria in MSCs is profit for more efficient clinical transformation of stem cells. This review highlights the cutting-edge knowledge regarding mitochondrial biology from the following aspects: mitochondrial morphological dynamics, energy metabolism and signal transduction. The manuscript mainly focuses on mitochondrial mechanistic insights in the whole life course of MSCs, as well as the potential roles played by mitochondria in MSCs treatment of transplantation, for seeking pivotal targets of stem cell fate regulation and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihui Ai
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kezhen Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang Z, Feng J, Zou J, Gao B. Consequences of Aging on Bone. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1115. [PMID: 38029404 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the global population, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases has been increasing, seriously affecting people's health. As people age, the microenvironment within skeleton favors bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, accompanied by bone marrow fat accumulation and multiple cellular senescence. Specifically, skeletal stem/stromal cells (SSCs) during aging tend to undergo adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis. Meanwhile, osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes, showed increased apoptosis, decreased quantity, and multiple functional limitations including impaired mechanical sensing, intercellular modulation, and exosome secretion. Also, the bone resorption function of macrophage-lineage cells (including osteoclasts and preosteoclasts) was significantly enhanced, as well as impaired vascularization and innervation. In this study, we systematically reviewed the effect of aging on bone and the within microenvironment (including skeletal cells as well as their intracellular structure variations, vascular structures, innervation, marrow fat distribution, and lymphatic system) caused by aging, and mechanisms of osteoimmune regulation of the bone environment in the aging state, and the causal relationship with multiple musculoskeletal diseases in addition with their potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Guan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Jiang X, Li W, Ge L, Lu M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence during Aging:From Mechanisms to Rejuvenation Strategies. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1651-1676. [PMID: 37196126 PMCID: PMC10529739 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In cell transplantation therapy, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are ideal seed cells due to their easy acquisition and cultivation, strong regenerative capacity, multi-directional differentiation abilities, and immunomodulatory effects. Autologous MSCs are better applicable compared with allogeneic MSCs in clinical practice. The elderly are the main population for cell transplantation therapy, but as donor aging, MSCs in the tissue show aging-related changes. When the number of generations of in vitro expansion is increased, MSCs will also exhibit replicative senescence. The quantity and quality of MSCs decline during aging, which limits the efficacy of autologous MSCs transplantation therapy. In this review, we examine the changes in MSC senescence as a result of aging, discuss the progress of research on mechanisms and signalling pathways of MSC senescence, and discuss possible rejuvenation strategies of aged MSCs to combat senescence and enhance the health and therapeutic potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Jiang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan provincical key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wenshui Li
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan provincical key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lite Ge
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan provincical key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China, Changsha
| | - Ming Lu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan provincical key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Branco A, Moniz I, Ramalho-Santos J. Mitochondria as biological targets for stem cell and organismal senescence. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151289. [PMID: 36696809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Organismal aging is impacted by the deterioration of tissue turnover mechanisms due, in part, to the decline in stem cell function. This decline can be related to mitochondrial dysfunction and underlying energetic defects that, in concert, help drive biological aging. Thus, mitochondria have been described as a potential interventional target to hinder the loss of stem cell robustness, and subsequently, decrease tissue turnover decline and age-associated pathologies. In this review, we focused our analysis on the most recent literature on mitochondria and stem cell aging and discuss the potential benefits of targeting mitochondria in preventing stem cell dysfunction and thus influencing aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Branco
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Polo 3, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Moniz
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Polo 3, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Polo 2, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Polo 3, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Wang H, Sun Y, Pi C, Yu X, Gao X, Zhang C, Sun H, Zhang H, Shi Y, He X. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Rescues Cellular Senescence by NAD +/Sirt3 Pathway in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314739. [PMID: 36499074 PMCID: PMC9738479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro expansion-mediated replicative senescence has severely limited the clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Accumulating studies manifested that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion is closely related to stem cell senescence and mitochondrial metabolism disorder. Promoting NAD+ level is considered as an effective way to delay aging. Previously, we have confirmed that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of NAD+, can alleviate NAD+ deficiency-induced MSC senescence. However, whether NMN can attenuate MSC senescence and its underlying mechanisms are still incompletely clear. The present study herein showed that late passage (LP) MSCs displayed lower NAD+ content, reduced Sirt3 expression and mitochondrial dysfunction. NMN supplementation leads to significant increase in intracellular NAD+ level, NAD+/ NADH ratio, Sirt3 expression, as well as ameliorated mitochondrial function and rescued senescent MSCs. Additionally, Sirt3 over-expression relieved mitochondrial dysfunction, and retrieved senescence-associated phenotypic features in LP MSCs. Conversely, inhibition of Sirt3 activity via a selective Sirt3 inhibitor 3-TYP in early passage (EP) MSCs resulted in aggravated cellular senescence and abnormal mitochondrial function. Furthermore, NMN administration also improves 3-TYP-induced disordered mitochondrial function and cellular senescence in EP MSCs. Collectively, NMN replenishment alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and rescues MSC senescence through mediating NAD+/Sirt3 pathway, possibly providing a novel mechanism for MSC senescence and a promising strategy for anti-aging pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu He
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-0430-7430
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