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Giannetti A, Ruggi A, Ricci G, Giannì G, Caffarelli C. Natural History of Hazelnut Allergy and Current Approach to Its Diagnosis and Treatment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10030585. [PMID: 36980143 PMCID: PMC10047188 DOI: 10.3390/children10030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Hazelnut allergy is the most prevalent type of nut allergy in Europe, with symptoms that can range from mild, such as hives and itching, to severe, such as anaphylaxis, particularly in patients who are sensitized to highly stable allergens, such as storage proteins. Compared to other types of food allergies, allergies to tree nuts, including hazelnuts, tend to persist throughout life. Although symptoms can appear in early childhood, they often continue into adulthood, with a minority of cases improving during adolescence. Currently, there is no curative treatment available for hazelnut allergy, and patients must adhere to a restrictive diet and carry autoinjective epinephrine. However, oral allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a promising treatment option. Patients can be categorized based on their risk for severe reactions using various clinical, in vivo, and in vitro tests, including component-resolved diagnosis and oral food challenge. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the natural history of hazelnut allergy and new approaches for its diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giannetti
- Paediatrics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruggi
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giannì
- Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Medicine and Surgery Department, Università di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Medicine and Surgery Department, Università di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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2
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Borres MP, Sato S, Ebisawa M. Recent advances in diagnosing and managing nut allergies with focus on hazelnuts, walnuts, and cashew nuts. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100641. [PMID: 35493774 PMCID: PMC9020091 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus P. Borres
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sakura Sato
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Corresponding author. Sakura Sato, M.D., Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Huet AC, Paulus M, Henrottin J, Brossard C, Tranquet O, Bernard H, Pilolli R, Nitride C, Larré C, Adel-Patient K, Monaci L, Mills ENC, De Loose M, Gillard N, Van Poucke C. Development of incurred chocolate bars and broth powder with six fully characterised food allergens as test materials for food allergen analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2553-2570. [PMID: 35201367 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The design and production of incurred test materials are critical for the development and validation of methods for food allergen analysis. This is because production and processing conditions, together with the food matrix, can modify allergens affecting their structure, extractability and detectability. For the ThRAll project, which aims to develop a mass spectrometry-based reference method for the simultaneous accurate quantification of six allergenic ingredients in two hard to analyse matrices. Two highly processed matrices, chocolate bars and broth powder, were selected to incur with six allergenic ingredients (egg, milk, peanut, soy, hazelnut and almond) at 2, 4, 10 and 40 mg total allergenic protein/kg food matrix using a pilot-scale food manufacturing plant. The allergenic activity of the ingredients incurred was verified using food-allergic patient serum/plasma IgE, the homogeneity of the incurred matrices verified and their stability at 4 °C assessed over at least 30-month storage using appropriate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Allergens were found at all levels from the chocolate bar and were homogenously distributed, apart from peanut and soy which could only be determined above 4 mg total allergenic ingredient protein/kg. The homogeneity assessment was restricted to analysis of soy, milk and peanut for the broth powder but nevertheless demonstrated that the allergens were homogeneously distributed. All the allergens tested were found to be stable in the incurred matrices for at least 30 months demonstrating they are suitable for method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Huet
- CER Groupe, Analytical Laboratory, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900, Marloie, Belgium.
| | - Melody Paulus
- CER Groupe, Analytical Laboratory, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900, Marloie, Belgium
| | - Jean Henrottin
- CER Groupe, Analytical Laboratory, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900, Marloie, Belgium
| | - Chantal Brossard
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA, Rue de la Géraudière, BP71627, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Tranquet
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA, Rue de la Géraudière, BP71627, 44316, Nantes, France.,INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, Biodiversité Et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), UMR1163, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Bernard
- INRAE-CEA, Service de Pharmacologie Et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Bât 136-CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rosa Pilolli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Nitride
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colette Larré
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA, Rue de la Géraudière, BP71627, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Karine Adel-Patient
- INRAE-CEA, Service de Pharmacologie Et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Bât 136-CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Linda Monaci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, Bari, Italy
| | - E N Clare Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marc De Loose
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gillard
- CER Groupe, Analytical Laboratory, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900, Marloie, Belgium
| | - Christof Van Poucke
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium
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4
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Storage Proteins Are Driving Pediatric Hazelnut Allergy in a Lipid Transfer Protein-Rich Area. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102463. [PMID: 34681512 PMCID: PMC8535272 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral food challenge (OFC) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of food allergies. However, this test is not without risks, given that severe allergic reactions can be triggered while it is conducted. The purpose of this study is to identify potential demographic variables, clinical characteristics of the patients and biomarkers that may be associated with severe reactions during the hazelnut oral challenge test. The sample included 22 children allergic to hazelnut who underwent a tree nut skin prick test (SPT), specific IgE (sIgE) to hazelnut, component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) with different hazelnut allergens (Cor a 1, Cor a 8, Cor a 9, Cor a 11, Cor a 14), and a single-blind placebo-controlled challenge with hazelnut. A statistically significant relationship was found between the severity of the reaction and the highest values of sIgE to hazelnut, Cor a 11 and Cor a 14, cumulative symptom-triggering dose and sunflower seed sensitization. The use of the CRD is a useful tool to identify patients at higher risk of developing a severe reaction. In this pediatric population sample from Spain, storage proteins were confirmed to be most involved in hazelnut allergy and the development of severe reactions.
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Fuhrmann V, Huang HJ, Akarsu A, Shilovskiy I, Elisyutina O, Khaitov M, van Hage M, Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R, Sekerel BE. From Allergen Molecules to Molecular Immunotherapy of Nut Allergy: A Hard Nut to Crack. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742732. [PMID: 34630424 PMCID: PMC8496898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanuts and tree nuts are two of the most common elicitors of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. Nut allergy is frequently associated with systemic reactions and can lead to potentially life-threatening respiratory and circulatory symptoms. Furthermore, nut allergy usually persists throughout life. Whether sensitized patients exhibit severe and life-threatening reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), mild and/or local reactions (e.g., pollen-food allergy syndrome) or no relevant symptoms depends much on IgE recognition of digestion-resistant class I food allergens, IgE cross-reactivity of class II food allergens with respiratory allergens and clinically not relevant plant-derived carbohydrate epitopes, respectively. Accordingly, molecular allergy diagnosis based on the measurement of allergen-specific IgE levels to allergen molecules provides important information in addition to provocation testing in the diagnosis of food allergy. Molecular allergy diagnosis helps identifying the genuinely sensitizing nuts, it determines IgE sensitization to class I and II food allergen molecules and hence provides a basis for personalized forms of treatment such as precise prescription of diet and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Currently available forms of nut-specific AIT are based only on allergen extracts, have been mainly developed for peanut but not for other nuts and, unlike AIT for respiratory allergies which utilize often subcutaneous administration, are given preferentially by the oral route. Here we review prevalence of allergy to peanut and tree nuts in different populations of the world, summarize knowledge regarding the involved nut allergen molecules and current AIT approaches for nut allergy. We argue that nut-specific AIT may benefit from molecular subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) approaches but identify also possible hurdles for such an approach and explain why molecular SCIT may be a hard nut to crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fuhrmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huey-Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aysegul Akarsu
- Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bulent Enis Sekerel
- Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Führer S, Kamenik AS, Zeindl R, Nothegger B, Hofer F, Reider N, Liedl KR, Tollinger M. Inverse relation between structural flexibility and IgE reactivity of Cor a 1 hazelnut allergens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4173. [PMID: 33603065 PMCID: PMC7892832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A major proportion of allergic reactions to hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) are caused by immunologic cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies to pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) proteins. Intriguingly, the four known isoforms of the hazelnut PR-10 allergen Cor a 1, denoted as Cor a 1.0401-Cor a 1.0404, share sequence identities exceeding 97% but possess different immunologic properties. In this work we describe the NMR solution structures of these proteins and provide an in-depth study of their biophysical properties. Despite sharing highly similar three-dimensional structures, the four isoforms exhibit remarkable differences regarding structural flexibility, hydrogen bonding and thermal stability. Our experimental data reveal an inverse relation between structural flexibility and IgE-binding in ELISA experiments, with the most flexible isoform having the lowest IgE-binding potential, while the isoform with the most rigid backbone scaffold displays the highest immunologic reactivity. These results point towards a significant entropic contribution to the process of antibody binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Führer
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna S. Kamenik
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ricarda Zeindl
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Nothegger
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Norbert Reider
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Scheurer S, van Ree R, Vieths S. The Role of Lipid Transfer Proteins as Food and Pollen Allergens Outside the Mediterranean Area. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33537877 PMCID: PMC7858557 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the prevalence and clinical manifestation of non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTP)-mediated allergies outside the Mediterranean area and to address potential reasons for the different geographical significance of LTP-driven allergies. RECENT FINDINGS LTPs are major allergens in the Mediterranean area, which frequently can elicit severe reactions. Pru p 3 the LTP from peach is reported as genuine allergen and is considered a prototypic marker for LTP-mediated allergies. However, both food and pollen LTP allergies exist outside the Mediterranean area, but with lower clinical significance, different immunogenicity, and less clarified role. Evidence has been reported that in areas with high exposure to pollen, in particular to mugwort, pollen-derived LTPs can act as a primary sensitizer to trigger secondary food allergies. Co-sensitization to unrelated allergens might be causative for less severe reactions in response to LTPs. However, the reason for the geographical different sensitization patterns to LTPs remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Scheurer
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
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8
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Critical review on proteotypic peptide marker tracing for six allergenic ingredients in incurred foods by mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108747. [PMID: 31955787 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptide marker identification is one of the most important steps in the development of a mass spectrometry (MS) based method for allergen detection, since the robustness and sensitivity of the overall analytical method will strictly depend on the reliability of the proteotypic peptides tracing for each allergen. The European legislation in place issues the mandatory labelling of fourteen allergenic ingredients whenever used in different food formulations. Among these, six allergenic ingredients, namely milk, egg, peanut, soybean, hazelnut and almond, can be prioritized in light of their higher occurrence in food recalls for undeclared presence with serious risk decision. In this work, we described the results of a comprehensive evaluation of the current literature on MS-based allergen detection aiming at collecting all available information about proteins and peptide markers validated in independent studies for the six allergenic ingredients of interest. The main features of the targeted proteins were commented reviewing all details available about known isoforms and sequence homology particularly in plant-derived allergens. Several critical aspects affecting peptide markers reliability were discussed and according to this evaluation a final short-list of candidate markers was compiled likely to be standardized and implemented in MS methods for allergen analysis.
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9
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Sensitization profiles to hazelnut allergens across the United States. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 122:111-116.e1. [PMID: 30292797 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of IgE antibody to hazelnut components can aid in the prediction of allergic responses to the food. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between patient demographics (age, location) and patterns of allergic sensitization to hazelnut components across the United States and to investigate the degree of correlation between hazelnut sensitization with sensitization to other tree nuts, peanuts, and their components. METHODS Serum samples from 10,503 individuals with hazelnut extract specific IgE (sIgE) levels of 0.35 kUA/L or higher were analyzed for IgE antibodies to Cor a 1, 8, 9, and 14 by ImmunoCAP. A subset of these patients were analyzed for IgE antibodies to peanut, walnut, and cashew nut IgE along with associated components. RESULTS Among hazelnut sensitized individuals, children (<3 years old) were predominantly sensitized to Cor a 9 and Cor a 14. Conversely, Cor a 1 sIgE sensitization was much higher in adults than children, especially in the Northeastern United States. Cor a 8 sensitization was relatively constant (near 10%) across all ages. Cosensitization of hazelnut with other tree nuts and peanuts was related to correlation of IgE concentrations of individual component families. CONCLUSION We conclude that sensitization to individual hazelnut components is highly dependent on age and/or geographic location. Component correlations suggest that cosensitization to hazelnut and walnut may be caused by their pathogenesis-related protein 10 allergens, nonspecific lipid transfer proteins, or seed storage proteins, whereas hazelnut and peanut cosensitization is more often caused by cross-reactivity of pathogenesis-related protein 10 (Cor a 1 and Ara h 8) and nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (Cor a 8 and Ara h 9).
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10
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Ross GMS, Bremer MGEG, Nielen MWF. Consumer-friendly food allergen detection: moving towards smartphone-based immunoassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5353-5371. [PMID: 29582120 PMCID: PMC6096701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review, we provide a comprehensive overview of immunochemical food allergen assays and detectors in the context of their user-friendliness, through their connection to smartphones. Smartphone-based analysis is centered around citizen science, putting analysis into the hands of the consumer. Food allergies represent a significant worldwide health concern and consumers should be able to analyze their foods, whenever and wherever they are, for allergen presence. Owing to the need for a scientific background, traditional laboratory-based detection methods are generally unsuitable for the consumer. Therefore, it is important to develop simple, safe, and rapid assays that can be linked with smartphones as detectors to improve user accessibility. Smartphones make excellent detection systems because of their cameras, embedded flash functions, portability, connectivity, and affordability. Therefore, this review has summarized traditional laboratory-based methods for food allergen detection such as enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and surface plasmon resonance, and the potential to modernize these methods by interfacing them with a smartphone readout system, based on the aforementioned smartphone characteristics. This is the first review focusing on smartphone-based food-allergen detection methods designed with the intention of being consumer-friendly. Graphical abstract A smartphone-based food allergen detection system in three easy steps (1) sample preparation, (2) allergen detection on a smartphone using antibodies, which then transmits the data wirelessly, (3) analytical results sent straight to smartphone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique G E G Bremer
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Pali‐Schöll I, De Lucia M, Jackson H, Janda J, Mueller RS, Jensen‐Jarolim E. Comparing immediate-type food allergy in humans and companion animals-revealing unmet needs. Allergy 2017; 72:1643-1656. [PMID: 28394404 DOI: 10.1111/all.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adverse food reactions occur in human as well as veterinary patients. Systematic comparison may lead to improved recommendations for prevention and treatment in both. In this position paper, we summarize the current knowledge on immediate-type food allergy vs other food adverse reactions in companion animals, and compare this to the human situation. While the prevalence of food allergy in humans has been well studied for some allergens, this remains to be investigated for animal patients, where owner-reported as well as veterinarian-diagnosed food adverse reactions are on the increase. The characteristics of the disease in humans vs dogs, cats, and horses are most often caused by similar, but sometimes species-dependent different pathophysiological mechanisms, prompting the specific clinical symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments. Furthermore, little is known about the allergen molecules causative for type I food allergy in animals, which, like in human patients, could represent predictive biomarkers for risk evaluation. The definite diagnosis of food allergy relies-as in humans-on elimination diet and provocation tests. Besides allergen avoidance in daily practice, novel treatment options and tolerization strategies are underway. Taken together, numerous knowledge gaps were identified in veterinary food allergy, which need to be filled by systematic comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Pali‐Schöll
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - M. De Lucia
- Clinica Veterinaria Privata San Marco Padova Italy
| | - H. Jackson
- Dermatology Referral Services LTD Glasgow Scotland UK
| | - J. Janda
- Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - R. S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Munich Germany
| | - E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Allergy Care Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center Vienna Austria
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12
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Jin T, Wang C, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen YW, Guo F, Howard A, Cao MJ, Fu TJ, McHugh TH, Zhang Y. Crystal Structure of Cocosin, A Potential Food Allergen from Coconut (Cocos nucifera). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7560-7568. [PMID: 28712292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is an important palm tree. Coconut fruit is widely consumed. The most abundant storage protein in coconut fruit is cocosin (a likely food allergen), which belongs to the 11S globulin family. Cocosin was crystallized near a century ago, but its structure remains unknown. By optimizing crystallization conditions and cryoprotectant solutions, we were able to obtain cocosin crystals that diffracted to 1.85 Å. The cocosin gene was cloned from genomic DNA isolated from dry coconut tissue. The protein sequence deduced from the predicted cocosin coding sequence was used to guide model building and structure refinement. The structure of cocosin was determined for the first time, and it revealed a typical 11S globulin feature of a double layer doughnut-shaped hexamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230027 China
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology , 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230027 China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230027 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology , 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology , 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology , 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Andrew Howard
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology , 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Tong-Jen Fu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Tara H McHugh
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology , 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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Lötzsch B, Dölle S, Vieths S, Worm M. Exploratory analysis of CD63 and CD203c expression in basophils from hazelnut sensitized and allergic individuals. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:45. [PMID: 27999658 PMCID: PMC5153676 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitization to hazelnut (HN) is frequent and requires clarification to determine whether this sensitization is clinically relevant. The aim of this study was to investigate basophil activation profiles in HN-sensitized and allergic subjects. Methods Basophil activation was determined by flow cytometric analyses of CD63 and CD203c expression using several HN allergen concentrations. Depending on their clinical reaction pattern, an oral allergy symptom group (OAS, n = 20), a systemic reaction group (n = 12) and a sensitized group without clinical symptoms (n = 20) were identified. Additionally, 10 non-allergic and non-sensitized individuals served as controls. Results CD63 and CD203c expression differed between allergic (OAS and systemic group) and sensitized subjects. The HN concentration required to activate 30% of CD203c+ basophils [effective concentration (EC)30] was significantly higher in sensitized versus the allergic group (p = 0.0089). This was more pronounced when the basophil allergen threshold sensitivity (CD-sens) was calculated (CD63: p = 0.018; CD203c: p = 0.009). Conclusion Our data indicate that the basophil activation test may provide information to better distinguish between sensitized and allergic subjects if several allergen concentrations are considered. CD203c expression displayed a better discrimination compared to CD63; therefore, its diagnostic value might be superior compared with CD63. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0134-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lötzsch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Dölle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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