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Shurin MR, Wheeler SE. Clinical Significance of Uncommon, Non-Clinical, and Novel Autoantibodies. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:215-234. [PMID: 38686351 PMCID: PMC11057673 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s450184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are a common mark of autoimmune reaction and their identification in the patients' serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues is generally believed to represent diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of autoimmune diseases or autoinflammatory conditions. Traditionally, autoantibody testing is an important part of the clinical examination of suspected patients, and in the absence of reliable T cell tests, characterization of autoantibody responses might be suitable in finding causes of specific autoimmune responses, their strength, and sometimes commencement of autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies are also useful for prognostic stratification in clinically diverse groups of patients if checked repeatedly. Antibody discoveries are continuing, with important consequences for verifying autoimmune mechanisms, diagnostic feasibility, and clinical management. Adding newly identified autoantibody-autoantigen pairs to common clinical laboratory panels should help upgrade and harmonize the identification of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders and other autoimmune conditions. Herein, we aim to summarize our current knowledge of uncommon and novel autoantibodies in the context of discussing their validation, diagnostic practicability, and clinical relevance. The regular updates within the field are important and well justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Shurin
- Division of Clinical Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- Division of Clinical Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Guo H, Guo L, Li L, Li N, Lin X, Wang Y. Identification of key genes and molecular mechanisms of chronic urticaria based on bioinformatics. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13624. [PMID: 38558219 PMCID: PMC10982677 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is characterized by persistent skin hives, redness, and itching, enhanced by immune dysregulation and inflammation. Our main objective is identifying key genes and molecular mechanisms of chronic urticaria based on bioinformatics. We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and retrieved two GEO datasets, GSE57178 and GSE72540. The raw data were extracted, pre-processed, and analyzed using the GEO2R tool to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The samples were divided into two groups: healthy samples and CU samples. We defined cut-off values of log2 fold change ≥1 and p < .05. Analyses were performed in the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), Metascape, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and CIBERSOFT databases. We obtained 1613 differentially expressed genes. There were 114 overlapping genes in both datasets, out of which 102 genes were up-regulated while 12 were down-regulated. The biological processes included activation of myeloid leukocytes, response to inflammations, and response to organic substances. Moreover, the KEGG pathways of CU were enriched in the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. We identified 27 hub genes that were implicated in the pathogenesis of CU, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1). The complex interplay between immune responses, inflammatory pathways, cytokine networks, and specific genes enhances CU. Understanding these mechanisms paves the way for potential interventions to mitigate symptoms and improve the quality of life of CU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Guo
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Department of DermatologyXingtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXingtaiHebeiChina
| | - Lifang Guo
- Department of DermatologyXingtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXingtaiHebeiChina
| | - Li Li
- Department of DermatologyXingtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXingtaiHebeiChina
| | - Na Li
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xiaoyun Lin
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
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3
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Ugolkov Y, Nikitich A, Leon C, Helmlinger G, Peskov K, Sokolov V, Volkova A. Mathematical modeling in autoimmune diseases: from theory to clinical application. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371620. [PMID: 38550585 PMCID: PMC10973044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The research & development (R&D) of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases is challenged by highly complex pathogenesis and multiple etiologies of these conditions. The number of targeted therapies available on the market is limited, whereas the prevalence of autoimmune conditions in the global population continues to rise. Mathematical modeling of biological systems is an essential tool which may be applied in support of decision-making across R&D drug programs to improve the probability of success in the development of novel medicines. Over the past decades, multiple models of autoimmune diseases have been developed. Models differ in the spectra of quantitative data used in their development and mathematical methods, as well as in the level of "mechanistic granularity" chosen to describe the underlying biology. Yet, all models strive towards the same goal: to quantitatively describe various aspects of the immune response. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic review and analysis of mathematical models of autoimmune diseases focused on the mechanistic description of the immune system, to consolidate existing quantitative knowledge on autoimmune processes, and to outline potential directions of interest for future model-based analyses. Following a systematic literature review, 38 models describing the onset, progression, and/or the effect of treatment in 13 systemic and organ-specific autoimmune conditions were identified, most models developed for inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and lupus (5 models each). ≥70% of the models were developed as nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations, others - as partial differential equations, integro-differential equations, Boolean networks, or probabilistic models. Despite covering a relatively wide range of diseases, most models described the same components of the immune system, such as T-cell response, cytokine influence, or the involvement of macrophages in autoimmune processes. All models were thoroughly analyzed with an emphasis on assumptions, limitations, and their potential applications in the development of novel medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Ugolkov
- Research Center of Model-Informed Drug Development, Ivan Mikhaylovich (I.M.) Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina Nikitich
- Research Center of Model-Informed Drug Development, Ivan Mikhaylovich (I.M.) Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Cristina Leon
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ - LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kirill Peskov
- Research Center of Model-Informed Drug Development, Ivan Mikhaylovich (I.M.) Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ - LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Victor Sokolov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ - LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alina Volkova
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ - LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Kortekaas Krohn I, Badloe FMS, Herrmann N, Maintz L, De Vriese S, Ring J, Bieber T, Gutermuth J. Immunoglobulin E autoantibodies in atopic dermatitis associate with Type-2 comorbidities and the atopic march. Allergy 2023; 78:3178-3192. [PMID: 37489049 DOI: 10.1111/all.15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoreactive immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to self-peptides within the epidermis have been identified in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Prevalence, concomitant diseases, patient characteristics, and risk factors of IgE autoantibody development remain elusive. We aimed to determine IgE autoantibodies in serum samples (n = 672) from well-characterized patients with AD and controls (1.2-88.9 years). METHODS Atopic dermatitis patients were sub-grouped in AD with comorbid Type-2 diseases ("AD + Type 2"; asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, n = 431) or "solely AD" (n = 115). Also, subjects without AD but with Type-2 diseases ("atopic controls," n = 52) and non-atopic "healthy controls" (n = 74) were included. Total proteins from primary human keratinocytes were used for the immunoassay to detect IgE autoantibodies. Values were compared to already known positive and negative serum samples. RESULTS Immunoglobulin E autoantibodies were found in 15.0% (82/546) of all analyzed AD-patients. "AD + Type 2" showed a higher prevalence (16.4%) than "solely AD" (9.6%). "Atopic controls" (9.6%) were comparable with "solely AD" patients, while 2.7% of healthy controls showed IgE autoantibodies. Of those with high levels of IgE autoantibodies, 15 out of 16 were patients with "AD + Type 2". AD patients with IgE autoantibodies were younger than those without. Patients with IgE autoreactivity also displayed higher total serum IgE levels. Factors that affected IgE autoantibody development were as follows: birth between January and June, cesarean-section and diversity of domestic pets. CONCLUSIONS Immunoglobulin E autoantibodies in AD seem to associate with the presence of atopic comorbidities and environmental factors. The potential value of IgE autoantibodies as a predictive biomarker for the course of AD, including the atopic march, needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fariza Mishaal Saiema Badloe
- Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Herrmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Laura Maintz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Shauni De Vriese
- Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
- Davos Biosciences, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Charles N, Kortekaas-Krohn I, Kocaturk E, Scheffel J, Altrichter S, Steinert C, Xiang YK, Gutermuth J, Reber LL, Maurer M. Autoreactive IgE: Pathogenic role and therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. Allergy 2023; 78:3118-3135. [PMID: 37555488 DOI: 10.1111/all.15843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is the break of tolerance to self-antigens that leads to organ-specific or systemic diseases often characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoreactive antibodies (AAb) produced by plasmablast and/or plasma cells. AAb are prevalent in the general population and not systematically associated with clinical symptoms. In contrast, in some individuals, these AAb are pathogenic and drive the development of signs and symptoms of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases (AbAID). AAb production, isotype profiles, and glycosylations are promoted by pro-inflammatory triggers linked to genetic, environmental, and hormonal parameters. Recent evidence supports a role for pathogenic AAb of the IgE isotype in a number of AbAID. Autoreactive IgE can drive the activation of mast cells, basophils, and other types of FcεRI-bearing cells and may play a role in promoting autoantibody production and other pro-inflammatory pathways. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the pathogenicity of autoreactive IgE in AbAID and their status as therapeutic targets. We also highlight unresolved issues including the need for assays that reproducibly quantify IgE AAbs, to validate their diagnostic and prognostic value, and to further study their pathophysiological contributions to AbAID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Charles
- Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS EMR8252, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Inge Kortekaas-Krohn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emek Kocaturk
- Department of Dermatology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Departement of Dermatology and Venerology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Carolin Steinert
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi-Kui Xiang
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), UMR 1291, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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6
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De Greef A, de Montjoye L, Bieber T, Baeck M. Atopic dermatitis: a need to define the disease activity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1293185. [PMID: 38020127 PMCID: PMC10654964 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1293185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Axel De Greef
- Department of Dermatology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence de Montjoye
- Department of Dermatology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marie Baeck
- Department of Dermatology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Alatawi AM, Alanazi AMM, Almutairi ABS, Albalawi RFA, Alhakami AAM, Alnuaman AAS, Alzahrani LDD, Albalwi ZS, Alabawy AAH, Aljohani LMM, Alatawi NAS. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Diseases Among School Students in Tabuk: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e36658. [PMID: 37101984 PMCID: PMC10123386 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are common health problems among children. The prevalence of different allergic diseases is increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of allergic diseases among school students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia, between the first of August and the end of September, 2022. Students from primary, intermediate, and secondary schools were included. A predesigned, structured, self-administered questionnaire in the Arabic language was used to collect data. RESULTS This study included 384 school students from Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The age of the recruited students ranged from five to 19 years old. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma that occurred at any time in the past was 31.8%. The prevalence of asthma symptoms was 51.0% for lifetime wheezing and 45.8% for current wheezing (in the past 12 months). The prevalence rates of clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were 56.8% and 30.2%, respectively. Further, 68.2% of the school students had one or more of the diagnosed allergic diseases. The second or more childbirth orders were significantly associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.140, 95% CI: 1.864-5.288). A family history of asthma or atopic conditions showed 3.118 times increased likelihood of allergic conditions (AOR = 3.118, 95% CI: 1.827-5.320). Other significant risk factors were the father's smoking (AOR = 1.698, 95% CI: 1.024-2.817) and having a dog, cat, or bird at home (AOR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.257-0.946). CONCLUSION The prevalence of bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis among school students in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia, is alarmingly high. Furthermore, both genetic and environmental components of allergic disease pathogenesis have been identified as risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah M Alatawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziad Saleh Albalwi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | - Abeer Ali H Alabawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | - Nouf Ali S Alatawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
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8
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Zeldin J, Chaudhary PP, Spathies J, Yadav M, D’Souza BN, Alishahedani ME, Gough P, Matriz J, Ghio AJ, Li Y, Sun AA, Eichenfield LF, Simpson EL, Myles IA. Exposure to isocyanates predicts atopic dermatitis prevalence and disrupts therapeutic pathways in commensal bacteria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8898. [PMID: 36608129 PMCID: PMC9821876 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition increasing in industrial nations at a pace that suggests environmental drivers. We hypothesize that the dysbiosis associated with AD may signal microbial adaptations to modern pollutants. Having previously modeled the benefits of health-associated Roseomonas mucosa, we now show that R. mucosa fixes nitrogen in the production of protective glycerolipids and their ceramide by-products. Screening EPA databases against the clinical visit rates identified diisocyanates as the strongest predictor of AD. Diisocyanates disrupted the production of beneficial lipids and therapeutic modeling for isolates of R. mucosa as well as commensal Staphylococcus. Last, while topical R. mucosa failed to meet commercial end points in a placebo-controlled trial, the subgroup who completed the full protocol demonstrated sustained, clinically modest, but statistically significant clinical improvements that differed by study site diisocyanate levels. Therefore, diisocyanates show temporospatial and epidemiological association with AD while also inducing eczematous dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Zeldin
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prem Prashant Chaudhary
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Spathies
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manoj Yadav
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon N. D’Souza
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammadali E. Alishahedani
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Portia Gough
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jobel Matriz
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ashleigh A. Sun
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F. Eichenfield
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric L. Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ian A. Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Formulation of secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells for inflammatory skin diseases. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Shi L, Liu C, Xiong H, Shi D. Elevation of IgE in patients with psoriasis: Is it a paradoxical phenomenon? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1007892. [PMID: 36314037 PMCID: PMC9606585 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1007892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) elevation is a hallmark of allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD). The pathogenesis of AD is typically associated with high levels of IL-4 and IL-13 produced by activated T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Psoriasis, on the other hand, is an inflammatory skin disease mainly driven by Th17 cells and their related cytokines. Although the immunopathologic reactions and clinical manifestations are often easily distinguished in the two skin conditions, patients with psoriasis may sometimes exhibit AD-like manifestations, such as elevated IgE and persistent pruritic lesions. Given the fact that the effective T cells have great plasticity to re-differentiate in response to innate and environmental factors, this unusual skin condition could be a consequence of a cross-reaction between distinct arms of T-cell and humoral immunity. Here we review the literature concerning the roles of IgE in the development of AD and psoriasis, showing that elevated IgE seems to be an important indicator for this non-typical psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chen Liu
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Basic Medical School, Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China,Huabao Xiong
| | - Dongmei Shi
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China,Department of Dermatology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China,*Correspondence: Dongmei Shi
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11
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Lv WJ, Huang JY, Li SP, Gong XP, Sun JB, Mao W, Guo SN. Portulaca oleracea L. extracts alleviate 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:986943. [PMID: 36051905 PMCID: PMC9424637 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.986943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic allergic skin disease characterized clinically by severe skin lesions and pruritus. Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) is a resourceful plant with homologous properties in medicine and food. In this study, we used two different methods to extract PO, and compared the therapeutic effects of PO aqueous extract (POAE) and PO ultrasound-assisted ethanol extract (POEE) on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mice. The results showed that in POAE and POEE, the extraction rates of polysaccharides were 16.95% and 9.85%, while the extraction rates of total flavonoids were 3.15% and 3.25%, respectively. Compared with AD mice, clinical symptoms such as erythema, edema, dryness and ulceration in the back and left ear were alleviated, and pruritus behavior was reduced after POAE and POEE treatments. The thickness of the skin epidermis was thinned, the density of skin nerve fibers labeled with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) was decreased, and mast cell infiltration was reduced. There was a decrease in blood lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils, a significant decrease in spleen index and a noticeable decrease in serum immunoglobulin E (Ig E). POEE significantly reduced the concentration of the skin pruritic factor interleukin (Il)-31. POAE and POEE reduced the concentration of skin histamine (His), down-regulated mRNA expression levels of interferon-γ (Ifnγ), tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (Tslp) and Il-4, with an increase of Filaggrin (Flg) and Loricrin (Lor) in skin lesions. These results suggested that POAE and POEE may inhibit atopic response and alleviate the clinical symptoms of AD by inhibiting the expression of immune cells, inflammatory mediators and cytokines. PO may be a potential effective drug for AD-like diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-jie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-yi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-peng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-pei Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-bo Sun,
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Wei Mao,
| | - Shi-ning Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Shi-ning Guo,
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12
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Immunological Pathomechanisms of Spongiotic Dermatitis in Skin Lesions of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126682. [PMID: 35743125 PMCID: PMC9223609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic skin disease with a complex pathogenesis underlying its heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and endotypes. The skin manifestation of AD reflects the cytokine milieu of a type-2-dominant immunity axis induced by genetic predisposition, innate immunity dysregulation, epidermal barrier defects, and allergic inflammation. However, the detailed pathomechanism of eczematous dermatitis, which is the principal characteristic of AD, remains unclear. This review examines previous studies demonstrating research progress in this area and considers the immunological pathomechanism of “spongiotic dermatitis”, which is the histopathological hallmark of eczematous dermatitis. Studies in this field have revealed the importance of IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity, the Fas/Fas-ligand system, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity in inducing the apoptosis of keratinocytes in spongiotic dermatitis. Recent studies have demonstrated that, together with infiltrating CD4 T cells, IgE-expressing dendritic cells (i.e., inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells and Langerhans cells) that capture specific allergens (i.e., house dust mites) are present in the spongiotic epidermis of lichenified eczema in patients with IgE-allergic AD. These findings suggest that IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of spongiotic dermatitis in the skin lesions of AD.
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13
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Food Sensitization Impact on Asthma Attacks in Children According to Age Group. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The progression of allergy disorders is termed “atopic march.” Having one allergic disorder increases the likelihood of acquiring others. Asthma and food allergies often coexist. There are no thresholds for specific IgE (sIgE) associated with the presence of clinical symptoms. Each allergen shows a particular trend with age. Objective: Our study and analysis aim to identify food sensitization in children with asthma and evaluate its impact on asthma attacks and clinical control. Material and methods: As a part of a bigger study, 56 children (mean age 11.07 years (5.3–17.5), 38 boys, and 18 girls) with bronchial asthma were tested for total IgE and sIgE against food and inhalator allergens. All children performed baseline and post-BD spirometry and were assessed for asthma control. Results: In the studied population of children, sIgE against several food allergens was positive in the same patient. A significant correlation was found between the positive sIgE for milk and soy (p < 0.0001), for milk and egg yolk (p = 0.01), compared to milk and peanuts (p = 0.004), compared to egg yolk and fish (p < 0.0001), compared to egg yolk and casein (p < 0.001), and soy (p < 0.0001). The children who are positive for sIgE antibodies in cats, dogs, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, wormwood from aeroallergens and soy from food allergens have a higher risk of hospitalization for exacerbation of bronchial asthma. (p < 0.05). In the studied population, sensitization to food allergens among asthmatics does not contribute to the number of asthma attacks. Conclusions: Food sensitivity is associated with eczema, while mite sensitization is strongly associated with rhinitis and asthma. Food sensitization is not a risk factor for asthma exacerbation in children older than five years old.
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14
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Kortekaas Krohn I, Aerts JL, Breckpot K, Goyvaerts C, Knol E, Van Wijk F, Gutermuth J. T-cell subsets in the skin and their role in inflammatory skin disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:827-842. [PMID: 34559894 DOI: 10.1111/all.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes (T cells) are major players of the adaptive immune response. Naive T cells are primed in the presence of cytokines, leading to polarization into distinct T-cell subsets with specific functions. These subsets are classified based on their T-cell receptor profile, expression of transcription factors, surface cytokine and chemokine receptors, and their cytokine production, which together determine their specific function. This review provides an overview of the various T-cell subsets and their function in several inflammatory skin disorders ranging from allergic inflammation to skin tumors. Moreover, we highlight similarities of T-cell responses across different skin disorders, demonstrating the presence of similar and opposing functions for the different T-cell subsets. Finally, we discuss the effects of currently available and promising therapeutic approaches to harness T cells in inflammatory skin diseases for which efficacy next to unwanted side effects provide new insights into the pathophysiology of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group Brussels Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel)Department of DermatologyUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Joeri L. Aerts
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Neuro‐Aging and Viro‐Immunotherapy (NAVI) Research Group Brussels Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT)Department of Biomedical Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT)Department of Biomedical Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Edward Knol
- Center for Translational Immunology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department Dermatology/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Femke Van Wijk
- Center for Translational Immunology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group Brussels Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel)Department of DermatologyUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Brussels Belgium
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15
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Van den Steen E, Ramaekers D, Horlait M, Gutermuth J. Development of a Patient Reported Experience Measure (PREM) for Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:913-921. [PMID: 35122348 PMCID: PMC9303960 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Patient involvement and high‐quality patient‐provider interactions are critical factors for quality of care in chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Also, assessing the patient's perspective contributes to optimizing care delivery and patient's experience. Until today, no user‐friendly tools to measure patient experiences exist within immunodermatology. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the relevant items for patient's experience in immunodermatology and develop a concise questionnaire to assess patient's experience in routine clinical care. Methods Potential relevant items for measuring patient's perspective of immunodermatology care were identified by a literature search. From this longlist, a shortlist from patient's perspective was distilled by semi‐structured interviews with a diverse patient group. This list was reduced to final items using a modified Delphi method in a multi‐stakeholder focus group. For each item, one question was formulated to generate the Patient‐Reported Experience Measure (PREM) questionnaire. A first internal validation was achieved by an email round. Results Forty longlist items were categorized into five domains (access to care, patient centeredness, access to information, care process and satisfaction). During interview rounds, 19 shortlist items were selected if mentioned by ≥40% of interviewees. Via the focus group, the most important items were chosen by participant consensus. For each item, a question was formulated. The final PREM covers 11 items (plus 2 in case of a first consult). The first internal validation showed that the tool is clear, understandable and has an ideal length. Conclusion This short user‐friendly PREM can be used in scientific and routine settings to improve care for patients who suffer from chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Linked Commentary: A.‐H. Fink‐Wagner. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36: 767–768. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.18153.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Van den Steen
- Department of Dermatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Public Health, Research Group Organisation, Policy and Social Inequalities in Health Care (OPIH), 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Ramaekers
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuvens Institute for Healthcare Policy (LIHP), Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Horlait
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Public Health, Research Group Organisation, Policy and Social Inequalities in Health Care (OPIH), 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Gutermuth
- Department of Dermatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Treger RS, Fink SL. Beyond Titer: Expanding the Scope of Clinical Autoantibody Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:99-113. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autoantibodies that bind self-antigens are a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, but can also be present in healthy individuals. Clinical assays that detect and titer antigen-specific autoantibodies are an important component of the diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis via effector functions that are dictated by both the antigen-binding site and constant domain.
Content
In this review, we discuss features of antibodies, in addition to antigen-binding specificity, which determine effector function. These features include class, subclass, allotype, and glycosylation. We discuss emerging data indicating that analysis of these antibody features may be informative for diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. We also consider methodologies to interrogate these features and consider how they could be implemented in the clinical laboratory.
Summary
Future autoantibody assays may incorporate assessment of additional antibody features that contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis and provide added clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Treger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Xu Y, Chen S, Zhang L, Chen G, Chen J. The Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Pruritus Mechanisms of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735295. [PMID: 34925005 PMCID: PMC8675233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease driven by a T-cell-mediated immune response, with inflammation and pruritus being its main clinical manifestations. Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDT), which is an ancient Chinese medicine herbal formula derived from Wai-Tai-Mi-Yao, is a potentially effective treatment for AD. We aimed to clarify the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritus mechanisms of HLJDT in AD treatment. We performed immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Luminex-based direct multiplex immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and flow cytometry to address the abovementioned aims. HLJDT significantly reduced clinical symptoms and ear swelling in AD-like mice by inhibiting the production of cytokines [histamine, interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-31, and IL-33], substance P (SP), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV-1), and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Additionally, HLJDT significantly suppressed the protein expression levels and positive cell percentage of CD28, CD80, CD86, CD207, CD326, MHCII, and OX40 in the lymphoid nodes. Moreover, HLJDT significantly suppressed mRNA and protein expression of tyrosine–protein kinase (JAK1), histamine H4 receptor, and IL-4Rα, as well as the protein expression of GRP, SP, and TRPV-1 in the root ganglion. Our findings indicate that HLJDT can treat AD by regulating the antigen presentation function of dendritic cells, weakening T-lymphocyte activation, and subsequently exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritus effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Saizhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Guirong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.,67th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, China
| | - Jinguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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18
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Lee KJ, Ratih K, Kim GJ, Lee YR, Shin JS, Chung KH, Choi EJ, Kim EK, An JH. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory efficacy of hederagenin-coated maghemite (γ-Fe 2O 3) nanoparticles in an atopic dermatitis model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112244. [PMID: 34896691 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory efficacy of hederagenin coating on maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (HM) in atopic dermatitis (AD), as well as the physical and optical properties of maghemite nanoparticles (MP) using SEM, XRD spectroscopy, UV-vis spectra, Raman spectra, and FTIR spectroscopy. Dose-dependent treatment with HM (10, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL) inhibited the expression of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) in inflammatory induced HaCaT and Jurkat cells with inflammation caused by TNF/IFN-γ and PMA/A23187. AD model was induced by performing topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE) for a 31-day period on 8-week-old BALB/c mice. The HM treatments efficiently diminished the AD-like cutaneous lesion induced by DNCB-DFE sensitization in mice. Compared to the AD-only groups, HM treatment considerably attenuated mast cell infiltration and lowered epidermal, and dermal thickness of mice ears skin. In addition, HM treatment prominently alleviated the enlarged size and weight of lymph nodes. Furthermore, HM treatment resulted in a notable reduction in the mRNA expression of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-6), Th17 (IL-17), and TSLP. Our data showed that HM provides better AD attenuation compared to MP. Additionally, HM had synergistic effect and act as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent. Thus, HM shows great potential in AD medication and as a substitution of non-steroid-based medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Jai Lee
- College of H-LAC, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Khoirunnisa Ratih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Rim Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Soo Shin
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Chung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Republic of Korea.
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Characterization and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Tacrolimus-Loaded Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Nanocapsules for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122013. [PMID: 34959295 PMCID: PMC8707425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (TAC) is a drug of natural origin used in conventional topical dosage forms to control atopic dermatitis. However, direct application of the drug often causes adverse side effects in some patients. Hence, drug nanoencapsulation could be used as an improved novel therapy to mitigate the adverse effects and enhance bioavailability of the drug. METHODS Physicochemical properties, in vitro drug release experiments, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity studies were performed. RESULTS TAC-loaded nanocapsules were successfully prepared by the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer using poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The nanoparticulate systems presented a spherical shape with a smooth and regular surface, adequate diameter (226 to 250 nm), polydispersity index below 0.3, and suitable electrical stability (-38 to -42 mV). X-ray diffraction confirmed that the encapsulation method provided mainly the drug molecular dispersion in the nanocapsule oily core. Fourier-transform infrared spectra suggested that nanoencapsulation did not result in chemical bonds between drug and polymer. In vitro drug dissolution experiments showed a controlled release with a slight initial burst. The release kinetics showed zero-order kinetics. As per the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, anomalous transport features were observed. TAC-loaded PCL nanocapsules exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the free drug. CONCLUSIONS TAC-loaded PCL nanocapsules can be suitably used as a novel nano-based dosage form to control atopic dermatitis.
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20
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Seiringer P, Garzorz-Stark N, Eyerich K. T-Cell‒Mediated Autoimmunity: Mechanisms and Future Directions. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:804-810. [PMID: 34538423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T cells are key drivers of autoimmunity in numerous noncommunicable inflammatory skin diseases by directly harming host tissue or through helping B cells in producing autoantibodies. Technological advances have contributed to identifying autoantigens, the Holy Grail of autoimmunity, in many inflammatory disorders of the skin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as chimeric (auto)antibody receptor T cells are a milestone on the way to finding individualized, well-tolerated, targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pathogenesis, immune response pattern‒related ontology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options of autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seiringer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Center and Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Garzorz-Stark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for molecular medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for molecular medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Oh JS, Lee SJ, Choung SY. Lithospermum erythrorhizon Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions by Restoring Immune Balance and Skin Barrier Function in 2.4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced NC/Nga Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093209. [PMID: 34579088 PMCID: PMC8470668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD), a disease characterized by an abnormal immune balance and skin barrier function, has increased rapidly in developed countries. This study investigated the anti-atopic effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) using NC/Nga mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. LE reduced AD clinical symptoms, including inflammatory cell infiltration, epidermal thickness, ear thickness, and scratching behavior, in the mice. Additionally, LE reduced serum IgE and histamine levels, and restored the T helper (Th) 1/Th2 immune balance through regulation of the IgG1/IgG2a ratio. LE also reduced the levels of AD-related cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), thymic stromal lymphopoietin, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, macrophage-derived chemokine, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the serum. Moreover, LE modulated AD-related cytokines and chemokines expressed and secreted by Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 cells in the dorsal skin and splenocytes. Furthermore, LE restored skin barrier function by increasing pro-filaggrin gene expression and levels of skin barrier-related proteins filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1. These results suggest that LE is a potential therapeutic agent that can alleviate AD by modulating Th1/Th2 immune balance and restoring skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Su Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | | | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence:
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22
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Mocanu M, Vâță D, Alexa AI, Trandafir L, Patrașcu AI, Hâncu MF, Gheucă-Solovăstru L. Atopic Dermatitis-Beyond the Skin. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1553. [PMID: 34573894 PMCID: PMC8464732 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can arise during the first months of life or at maturity and have a significant negative impact on the quality of life. The main pathogenic mechanism is the breakdown of cutaneous barrier integrity, which is associated with systemic inflammatory immunologic disorders. Atopic dermatitis involves numerous immunologic, allergic, respiratory, and ophthalmologic comorbidities that develop through similar intricate pathogenic phenomena. The atopic march represents the evolution in time of various allergic diseases, of which food allergies often cause the first manifestations of atopy, even from a very young age. Chronic inflammation translated through specific markers, next to increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) serum levels and heterogenous clinical manifestations, argue for the inclusion of atopic dermatitis in the systemic disease category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Mocanu
- Department of Oral Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Vâță
- Department of Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Anisia-Iuliana Alexa
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine-Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Adriana-Ionela Patrașcu
- Dermatology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania; (A.-I.P.); (M.F.H.)
| | - Mădălina Florina Hâncu
- Dermatology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania; (A.-I.P.); (M.F.H.)
| | - Laura Gheucă-Solovăstru
- Department of Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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De Bruyn Carlier T, Badloe FMS, Ring J, Gutermuth J, Kortekaas Krohn I. Autoreactive T cells and their role in atopic dermatitis. J Autoimmun 2021; 120:102634. [PMID: 33892348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an itchy, non-contagious relapsing and chronic inflammatory skin disease that usually develops in early childhood. This pathology is associated with food allergy, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis which may persist in adulthood. The underlying mechanisms of AD (endotypes) are just beginning to be discovered and show a complex interaction of various pathways including skin barrier function and immune deviation. Immune reactions to self-proteins (autoantigens) of the skin have been identified in patients with inflammatory skin diseases, such as chronic spontaneous urticaria, connective tissue disease, pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. IgE antibodies and T cells directed against epitopes of the skin were observed in adult patients with severe and chronic AD as well. This was associated with disease severity and suggests a progression from allergic inflammation to severe autoimmune processes against the skin. IgE-mediated autoimmunity and self-reactive T cells might accelerate the ongoing skin inflammation or might contribute to the relapsing course of the disease. However, to date, the exact mechanisms of IgE-mediated autoimmunity and self-reactive T cells in the pathophysiology of AD are still unclear. The aim of this review is to evaluate the development of (autoreactive) T cells and their response to (auto)antigens, as well as the role of the peripheral tolerance in autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of AD, including the unmet needs and gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina De Bruyn Carlier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fariza Mishaal Saiema Badloe
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich, München, Germany.
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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24
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Autoimmunity, IgE and FcεRI-bearing cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:43-50. [PMID: 33819742 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases (AAID) involve several isotypes of autoreactive antibodies. In a growing number of AAID, autoreactive IgE are present with a significant prevalence and are often associated with the presence of IgG anti-IgE and/or anti-FcεRIα (high affinity IgE receptor α chain). FcεRI-bearing cells, such as basophils or mast cells, are key players in some of these AAID. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of these diseases led to the passed or current development of anti-IgE strategies that showed very potent effects in some of them. The present review centralizes the information on the relevance of autoreactive IgE and FcεRI-bearing cells in the pathophysiology of different AAID and the ones where the anti-IgE therapeutic strategy shows or may show some benefits for the patients.
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Liu J, Ting JP, Al-Azzam S, Ding Y, Afshar S. Therapeutic Advances in Diabetes, Autoimmune, and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062805. [PMID: 33802091 PMCID: PMC8001105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, 170 small molecules, 60 antibody-based entities, 12 peptides, and 15 gene- or cell-therapies have been approved by FDA for diverse disease indications. Recent advancement in medicine is facilitated by identification of new targets and mechanisms of actions, advancement in discovery and development platforms, and the emergence of novel technologies. Early disease detection, precision intervention, and personalized treatments have revolutionized patient care in the last decade. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging therapeutic modalities developed in the recent years. We focus on nine diseases in three major therapeutics areas, diabetes, autoimmune, and neurological disorders. The pathogenesis of each disease at physiological and molecular levels is discussed and recently approved drugs as well as drugs in the clinic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA 17605, USA;
| | - Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Kortekaas Krohn I. The emerging role of autoreactive antibodies in inflammatory skin diseases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:781-782. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Kortekaas Krohn
- Department of Dermatology SKIN Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) Brussels Belgium
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