Epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for psychosocial problems in patients and families affected by non-intellectually impairing craniofacial malformation conditions: a systematic review protocol of qualitative data

Identification and Recent Approaches for Evaluation, Operative Counseling, and Management in Patients With Freeman-Burian Syndrome: Principles for Global Treatment

For many, the experience of a complex craniofacial malformation condition, such as Freeman-Burian syndrome (FBS), formerly Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, is deeply distressing. There are few references in the literature addressing initial evaluation and operative counseling for FBS, and guidance is absent. Two major outcomes of FBS are explored, namely diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic result, to identify factors influencing optimal clinical care in (1) diagnosis, (2) evaluation, (3) general and craniofacial operative counseling, and (4) craniofacial management.PubMed searches have yielded 15 results describing craniofacial surgery in FBS and 29 manuscripts describing psychosocial aspects of surgery and patient and family counseling and education in other non-intellectually impairing craniofacial malformation conditions. Research in this area of scholarship is plagued by problems, especially considerable knowledge gaps and an absence of study data for operative outcomes. As a result, the literature remains unsettled, though our experience presents a much more clear picture of the clinical reality for this challenging patient population. While many challenges and limitations to treatment are present, much can be done to afford these patients a good and productive quality of life through operative intervention and longitudinal psychosocial support.