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Singh H, Benn N, Fung A, Kokorelias KM, Martyniuk J, Nelson MLA, Colquhoun H, Cameron JI, Munce S, Saragosa M, Godhwani K, Khan A, Yoo PY, Kuluski K. Co-design for stroke intervention development: Results of a scoping review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297162. [PMID: 38354160 PMCID: PMC10866508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-design methodology seeks to actively engage end-users in developing interventions. It is increasingly used to design stroke interventions; however, limited guidance exists, particularly with/for individuals with stroke who have diverse cognitive, physical and functional abilities. Thus, we describe 1) the extent of existing research that has used co-design for stroke intervention development and 2) how co-design has been used to develop stroke interventions among studies that explicitly used co-design, including the rationale, types of co-designed stroke interventions, participants involved, research methodologies/approaches, methods of incorporating end-users in the research, co-design limitations, challenges and potential strategies reported by researchers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review informed by Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey & O'Malley methodology was conducted by searching nine databases on December 21, 2022, to locate English-language literature that used co-design to develop a stroke intervention. Additional data sources were identified through a hand search. Data sources were de-duplicated, and two research team members reviewed their titles, abstracts and full text to ensure they met the inclusion criteria. Data relating to the research objectives were extracted, analyzed, and reported numerically and descriptively. RESULTS Data sources used co-design for stroke intervention development with (n = 89) and without (n = 139) explicitly using the term 'co-design.' Among studies explicitly using co-design, it was commonly used to understand end-user needs and generate new ideas. Many co-designed interventions were technology-based (65%), and 48% were for physical rehabilitation or activity-based. Co-design was commonly conducted with multiple participants (82%; e.g., individuals with stroke, family members/caregivers and clinicians) and used various methods to engage end-users, including focus groups and workshops. Limitations, challenges and potential strategies for recruitment, participant-engagement, contextual and logistical and ethics of co-designed interventions were described. CONCLUSIONS Given the increasing popularity of co-design as a methodology for developing stroke interventions internationally, these findings can inform future co-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natasha Benn
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Agnes Fung
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kristina M. Kokorelias
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, Sinai Health System, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia Martyniuk
- Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto Libraries, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle L. A. Nelson
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Heather Colquhoun
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jill I. Cameron
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Munce
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marianne Saragosa
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kian Godhwani
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aleena Khan
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Yejong Yoo
- Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kerry Kuluski
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Toronto, Canada
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Kompala T, Wong J, Neinstein A. Diabetes Specialists Value Continuous Glucose Monitoring Despite Challenges in Prescribing and Data Review Process. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:1265-1273. [PMID: 35403469 PMCID: PMC10563522 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221088267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes clinicians are key facilitators of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provision, but data on provider behavior related to CGM use and CGM generated data are limited. METHODS We conducted a national survey of providers caring for people with diabetes on CGM-related opinions, facilitators and barriers to prescription, and data review practices. RESULTS Of 182 survey respondents, 73.2% worked at academic centers, 70.6% were endocrinologists, and 70.7% practiced in urban settings. Nearly 70% of providers reported CGM use in the majority of their patients with type 1 diabetes. Half of the providers reported CGM use in 10% to 50% of their patients with type 2 diabetes. All respondents believed CGM improved quality of life and could optimize diabetes control. We found no differences in reported rates of CGM use based on providers' years of experience, patient volume, practice setting, or clinic type. Most providers reviewed CGM data each visit (97.7%) and actively involved patients in the data interpretation (98.8%). Only 14.1% of clinicians reported reviewing CGM data without any prompting from patients or their family members outside of visits. Most providers (80.7%) reported their CGM data review was valued by patients although only half reported having adequate time (45.1%) or an efficient process (56.1%) to do so. CONCLUSIONS Despite uniform support for CGM by providers, ongoing challenges related to cost, insurance coverage, and difficulties with prescription were major barriers to CGM use. Increased use of CGM in appropriate populations will necessitate improvements in data access and integration, clearly defined workflows, and decreased administrative burden to obtain CGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Kompala
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenise Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Neinstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ahumada-Canale A, Jeet V, Bilgrami A, Seil E, Gu Y, Cutler H. Barriers and facilitators to implementing priority setting and resource allocation tools in hospital decisions: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2023; 322:115790. [PMID: 36913838 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Health care budgets in high-income countries are having issues coping with unsustainable growth in demand, particularly in the hospital setting. Despite this, implementing tools systematising priority setting and resource allocation decisions has been challenging. This study answers two questions: (1) what are the barriers and facilitators to implementing priority setting tools in the hospital setting of high-income countries? and (2) what is their fidelity? A systematic review using the Cochrane methods was conducted including studies of hospital-related priority setting tools reporting barriers or facilitators for implementation, published after the year 2000. Barriers and facilitators were classified using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Fidelity was assessed using priority setting tool's standards. Out of thirty studies, ten reported program budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA), twelve multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), six health technology assessment (HTA) related frameworks, and two, an ad hoc tool. Barriers and facilitators were outlined across all CFIR domains. Implementation factors not frequently observed, such as 'evidence of previous successful tool application', 'knowledge and beliefs about the intervention' or 'external policy and incentives' were reported. Conversely, some constructs did not yield any barrier or facilitator including 'intervention source' or 'peer pressure'. PBMA studies satisfied the fidelity criteria between 86% and 100%, for MCDA it varied between 36% and 100%, and for HTA it was between 27% and 80%. However, fidelity was not related to implementation. This study is the first to use an implementation science approach. Results represent the starting point for organisations wishing to use priority setting tools in the hospital setting by providing an overview of barriers and facilitators. These factors can be used to assess readiness for implementation or to serve as the foundation for process evaluations. Through our findings, we aim to improve the uptake of priority setting tools and support their sustainable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ahumada-Canale
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 5, 75 Talavera Rd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Varinder Jeet
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 5, 75 Talavera Rd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Anam Bilgrami
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 5, 75 Talavera Rd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Seil
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 5, 75 Talavera Rd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Yuanyuan Gu
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 5, 75 Talavera Rd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Henry Cutler
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 5, 75 Talavera Rd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
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Wathen CN, Mantler T. Trauma- and Violence-Informed Care: Orienting Intimate Partner Violence Interventions to Equity. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2022; 9:233-244. [PMID: 36212738 PMCID: PMC9527731 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-022-00307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purposeof Review Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex traumatic experience that often co-occurs, or is causally linked, with other forms of structural violence and oppression. However, few IPV interventions integrate this social-ecological perspective. We examine trauma- and violence-informed care (TVIC) in the context of existing IPV interventions as an explicitly equity-oriented approach to IPV prevention and response. Recent Findings Systematic reviews of IPV interventions along the public health prevention spectrum show mixed findings, with those with a theoretically grounded, structural approach that integrates a trauma lens more likely to show benefit. Summary TVIC, embedded in survivor-centered protocols with an explicit theory of change, is emerging as an equity-promoting approach underpinning IPV intervention. Explicit attention to structural violence and the complexity of IPV, systems and sites of intervention, and survivors’ diverse and intersectional lived experiences has significant potential to transform policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Nadine Wathen
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, FIMS & Nursing Building, Room 2307, London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Tara Mantler
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Canada
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Holmes JA, Fletcher-Smith JC, Merchán-Baeza JA, Phillips J, Radford K. Developing a method to assess fidelity to a complex vocational rehabilitation intervention in the FRESH trial: a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:160. [PMID: 35906683 PMCID: PMC9335967 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determining whether complex rehabilitation interventions are delivered with fidelity is important. Implementation fidelity can differ between sites, therapists delivering interventions and, over time, threatening trial outcomes and increasing the risk of type II and III errors. This study aimed to develop a method of assessing occupational therapists’ fidelity to deliver a complex, individually tailored vocational rehabilitation (VR) intervention to people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and assess the feasibility of its use in a randomised controlled trial. Methods Using mixed methods and drawing on the intervention logic model, we developed data collection tools to measure fidelity to early specialist TBI VR (ESTVR). Fidelity was measured quantitatively using intervention case report forms (CRF), fidelity checklists and clinical records. Qualitative data from mentoring records, interviews with intervention therapists, participants with TBI, employers and NHS staff at trial sites explored moderators of implementation fidelity. The conceptual framework of implementation fidelity (CFIF) guided measurement and analysis of and factors affecting fidelity. Data were triangulated and benchmarked against an earlier cohort study. Results Fidelity to a complex individually tailored VR intervention could be measured. Overall, OTs delivered ESTVR with fidelity. Different fidelity measures answered different questions, offering unique insights into fidelity. Fidelity was best assessed using a fidelity checklist, intervention CRFs and clinical notes. The OT clinical notes and mentoring records were best at identifying fidelity moderating factors. Interviews added little insight into fidelity moderating factors over and above mentoring or clinical records. Data triangulation offered a comprehensive assessment of fidelity, highlighting limitations of measurement methods and learning for future trials but was resource intensive. Interviews, fidelity visits and analysing clinical notes were also resource intense. Comparing fidelity data to a benchmark and using CFIF as a framework for organising the fidelity assessment helped. Conclusions OTs delivered the VR intervention with fidelity. A fidelity checklist and benchmark plus mentoring may offer a practical and effective way of measuring fidelity and identifying fidelity moderating factors in trials of complex individually-tailored rehabilitation interventions. Mentoring provided real-time indicators of and reasons for fidelity deviations. These methods require further evaluation. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN38581822 (Registered: 02/01/2014). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01111-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jain Anne Holmes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Rehabilitation and Ageing Research, B Floor, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Joanna Clare Fletcher-Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Rehabilitation and Ageing Research, B Floor, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jose Antonio Merchán-Baeza
- Faculty of Health Science and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Julie Phillips
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Rehabilitation and Ageing Research, B Floor, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kathryn Radford
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Rehabilitation and Ageing Research, B Floor, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Amuasi J, Agbogbatey MK, Sarfo FS, Beyuo A, Duah K, Agasiya P, Arthur A, Appiah L, Nguah SB, Bockarie A, Ayisi-Boateng NK, Boateng KGA, Adusei-Mensah N, Akpalu A, Ovbiagele B. Feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of a mobile health stroke intervention among Ghanaian health workers. J Neurol Sci 2022; 439:120304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Craven K, Holmes J, Powers K, Clarke S, Cripps RL, Lindley R, Phillips J, Tyerman R, McKevitt C, Clarke D, Radford K. Embedding mentoring to support trial processes and implementation fidelity in a randomised controlled trial of vocational rehabilitation for stroke survivors. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:203. [PMID: 34602054 PMCID: PMC8487447 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little guidance exists regarding how best to upskill and support those delivering complex healthcare interventions to ensure robust trial outcomes and implementation fidelity. Mentoring was provided to occupational therapists (OTs) delivering a complex vocational rehabilitation (VR) intervention to stroke survivors. This study aimed to explore mentors' roles in supporting OTs with intervention delivery and fidelity, and to describe factors affecting the mentoring process and intervention delivery. METHODS Quantitative data (duration, mode and total time of mentoring support) was extracted from mentoring records and emails between mentors and OTs, alongside qualitative data on barriers and facilitators to intervention delivery. Semi-structured interviews with mentors (n = 6) and OTs (n = 19) explored experiences and perceptions of intervention training, delivery and the mentoring process. Mean total and monthly time spent mentoring were calculated per trial site. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. RESULTS Forty-one OTs across 16 sites were mentored between March 2018 and April 2020. Most mentoring was provided by phone or Microsoft Teams (range: 88.6-100%), with the remainder via email and SMS (Short Message Service) text messages. Mentors suggested strategies to enhance trial recruitment, improved OTs' understanding of- and adherence to trial processes, intervention delivery and fidelity, and facilitated independent problem-solving. Barriers to mentoring included OT non-attendance at mentoring sessions and mentors struggling to balance mentoring with clinical roles. Facilitators included support from the trial team and mentors having protected time for mentoring. CONCLUSIONS Mentoring supported mentee OTs in various ways, but it remains unclear to what extent the OTS would have been able to deliver the intervention without mentoring support, or how this might have impacted fidelity. Successful implementation of mentoring alongside new complex interventions may increase the likelihood of intervention effectiveness being observed and sustained in real-life contexts. Further research is needed to investigate how mentors could be selected, upskilled, funded and mentoring provided to maximise impact. The clinical- and cost-effectiveness of mentoring as an implementation strategy and its impact on fidelity also requires testing in a future trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN12464275 . Registered on 13th March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristelle Craven
- Rehabilitation & Ageing Research Group, Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jain Holmes
- Rehabilitation & Ageing Research Group, Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Katie Powers
- Rehabilitation & Ageing Research Group, Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sara Clarke
- Rehabilitation & Ageing Research Group, Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Rachel L Cripps
- School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Addison House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Rebecca Lindley
- Rehabilitation & Ageing Research Group, Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Julie Phillips
- Rehabilitation & Ageing Research Group, Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ruth Tyerman
- Rehabilitation & Ageing Research Group, Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Christopher McKevitt
- School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Addison House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - David Clarke
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9UT, UK
| | - Kathryn Radford
- Rehabilitation & Ageing Research Group, Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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